2017届高三英语二轮复习第一部分高考题型攻略篇高考题型之二阅读理解专题二阅读理解之主旨大意题课件.ppt

专题二阅读理解之主旨大意题 高考24话题之 二 节假日活动 Festivals holidaysandcelebrations 近年来 人们对中国传统节日的关注度日益下降 而洋节日越来越受到人们的追捧 你们班就这一现象进行了热烈的讨论 请用英语写一篇短文 要点如下 写作话题 Nowadays westernfestivalssuchasChristmasandValentine sDay become moreandmorepopularinChina Somebelievethat celebrate westernfestivalsisasignofglobalization helpstotakeinvariousforeignculturesandimprovecross culture communicate 语法填空 arebecoming celebrating which communication ThatweChineseshouldcelebratethesefestivalshasraisedaheateddiscussion However othersbelievethatthepopularofthewesternfestivalinChinaistheresultoftheforeignculturalinvade 答案 That改为Whether popular改为名词popularity festival改为复数形式festivals invade改为名词形式invasion 语法改错 AslongasIamconcerned weshouldvalueourtraditionalfestivals whichhasbeenessentialpartoftheChineseculture 答案 long改为far has改为have essential前面加an Nowadays westernfestivalssuchasChristmasandValentine sDayarebecomingmoreandmorepopularinChina WhetherweChineseshouldcelebratethesefestivalshasraisedaheateddiscussion Somebelievethatcelebratingwesternfestivalsisasignofglobalization whichhelpstotakeinvariousforeignculturesandimprovecross culturecommunica tion Besides somewesternfestivals suchasMother sDayandThanksgivingDay areinstructive 范文背诵 However othersbelievethatthepopularityofthewesternfestivalsinChinaistheresultoftheforeignculturalinvasion Forexample Christmashasstrongreligiouscolors What smore youngpeoplemaylosetheirinterestinourtraditionalChinesefestivalslikeDragon boatFestival Tomb sweepingDayetc AsfarasIamconcerned weshouldvalueourtraditionalfestivals whichhavebeenanessentialpartoftheChineseculture Meanwhile wecanhaveatasteofthewesternfestivalsjustforfun 根据范文画线部分仿写下面情景 我们能否回家过中秋节还是一个问题 就我而言 五一劳动节是我最喜欢的一个节日 在此期间 我们可参观很多景点 MayDayisoneofmyfavouritefestivals duringwhich wecanvisitlotsofattractions 答案 WhetherwecanreturnhomeforMid autumnDayremainsaproblem AsfarasI mconcerned 自主空间 A 2016 新课标乙卷 Themeaningofsilencevariesamongculturalgroups Silencesmaybethoughtful ortheymaybeemptywhenapersonhasnothingtosay Asilenceinaconversationmayalsoshowstubbornness uneasiness orworry Silencemaybeviewedbysome 限时15分钟 culturalgroupsasextremelyuncomfortable thereforeattemptsmaybemadetofilleverygap 间隙 withconversation Personsinotherculturalgroupsvaluesilenceandviewitasnecessaryforunderstandingaperson sneeds ManyNativeAmericansvaluesilenceandfeelitisabasicpartofcommunicatingamongpeople justassometraditionalChineseandThaipersonsdo Therefore whenapersonfromoneoftheseculturesisspeakingandsuddenlystops whatmaybeimplied 暗示 isthatthepersonwantsthelistenertoconsiderwhathasbeensaidbeforecontinuing Inthesecultures silenceisacallforreflection Otherculturesmayusesilenceinotherways particularlywhendealingwithconflictsamongpeopleorinrelationshipsofpeoplewithdifferentamountsofpower Forexample Russian French andSpanishpersonsmayusesilencetoshowagreementbetweenpartiesaboutthetopicunderdiscussion However Mexicansmayusesilencewheninstructionsaregivenbyapersoninauthorityratherthanberudetothatpersonbyarguingwithhimorher Instillanotheruse personsinAsianculturesmayviewsilenceasasignofrespect particularlytoanelderorapersoninauthority Nursesandothercare giversneedtobeawareofthepossiblemeaningsofsilencewhentheycomeacrossthepersonalanxietytheirpatientsmaybeexperiencing Nursesshouldrecognizetheirownpersonalandculturalconstructionofsilencesothatapatient ssilenceisnotinterruptedtooearlyorallowedtogoonunnecessarily Anursewhounderstandsthehealing 治愈 valueofsilencecanusethisunderstandingtoassistinthecareofpatientsfromtheirownandfromothercultures 语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文 主要介绍了沉默在不同文化背景下的不同内涵 在有些时候 人们利用沉默来解决人们之间的冲突 而在有些时候沉默则被认为表示顽固或者是担忧 1 Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutsilenceinconversations A Itimpliesanger B Itpromotesfriendship C Itisculture specific D Itiscontent based 解析细节理解题 根据文章首段首句 Themeaningofsilencevariesamongculturalgroups 可知 作者认为沉默是有文化特性的 答案C 2 Whichofthefollowingpeoplemightregardsilenceasacallforcarefulthought A TheChinese B TheFrench C TheMexicans D TheRussians 解析细节理解题 根据第二段中 whatmaybeimpliedisthatthepersonwantsthelistenertoconsiderwhathasbeensaidbeforecontinuing 可知中国人认为谈话时人们的沉默是在思考谈话内容 答案A 3 Whatdoestheauthoradvisenursestodoaboutsilence A Letitcontinueasthepatientpleases B Breakitwhiletreatingpatients C Evaluateitsharmtopatients D Makeuseofitshealingeffects 解析细节理解题 根据末段末句 Anursewhounderstandsthehealingvalueofsilencecanusethisunderstandingtoassistinthecareofpatients 可知 作者建议护士要利用沉默的好处来护理病人 故选D 答案D 4 Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext A SoundandSilenceB WhatItMeanstoBeSilentC SilencetoNativeAmericansD SpeechIsSilver SilenceIsGold解析主旨大意题 文章主要介绍了在不同文化背景下谈话期间的沉默的不同含义 由此判断B选项可以概括文章内容 故选B 答案B B 2016 江苏 Chimps 黑猩猩 willcooperateincertainways likegatheringinwarpartiestoprotecttheirterritory Butbeyondtheminimumrequirementsassocialbeings theyhavelittleinstinct 本能 tohelponeanother Chimpsinthewildseekfoodforthemselves Evenchimpmothersregularlydeclinetosharefoodwiththeirchildren whoareablefromayoungagetogathertheirownfood Inthelaboratory chimpsdon tnaturallysharefoodeither Ifachimpisputinacagewherehecanpullinoneplateoffoodforhimselfor withnogreateffort aplatethatalsoprovidesfoodforaneighbortothenextcage hewillpullatrandom hejustdoesn tcarewhetherhisneighborgetsfedornot Chimpsaretrulyselfish Humanchildren ontheotherhandareextremelycorporative Fromtheearliestages theydecidetohelpothers toshareinformationandtoparticipateinachievingcommongoals ThepsychologistMichaelTomasellohasstudiedthiscooperativenessinaseriesofexperimentswithveryyoungchildren Hefindsthatifbabiesaged18monthsseeaworriedadultwithhandsfulltryingtoopenadoor almostallwillimmediatelytrytohelp Thereareseveralreasonstobelievethattheurgestohelp informandsharearenottaught butnaturallypossessedinyoungchildren Oneisthattheseinstinctsappearataveryyoungagebeforemostparentshavestartedtotrainchildrentobehavesocially Anotheristhatthehelpingbehaviorsarenotimprovedifthechildrenarerewarded Athirdreasonisthatsocialintelligence Developsinchildrenbeforetheirgeneral cognitive 认知的 skills atleastwhencomparedwithchimps IntestsconductedbyTomtasell thechildrendidnobetterthanthechimpsonthephysicalworldtests butwereconsiderablybetteratunderstandingthesocialworld Thecoreofwhatchildren smindshaveandchimps don tiswhatTomasellocallssharedintenti onality Partofthisabilityisthattheycaninferwhatothersknoworarethinking Butbeyondthat evenveryyoungchildrenwanttobepartofasharedpurpose Theyactivelyseektobepartofa we agroupthatintendstoworktowardasharedgoal 语篇解读 本文是一篇科普知识文 本文从猩猩的自私行为导入到人类无私帮助他人的本能 分析了人类愿意帮助他人 愿意与他人合作的本能天性的原因 5 Whatcanwelearnfromtheexperimentwithchimps A Chimpsseldomcareaboutothers interests B Chimpstendtoprovidefoodfortheirchildren C Chimpsliketotakeintheirneighbors food D Chimpsnaturallysharefoodwitheachother 解析推理判断题 根据文章第二段后两句 Ifachimpisputinacagewherehecanpullinoneplateoffoodhimselfor hewillpullatrandom hejustdoesn tcarewhetherhisneighborgetsfedornot Chimpsaretrulyselfish 可知黑猩猩很自私 通常会把邻居的食物搞的一团糟 说明他们根本不关心其他人的利益 故A项正确 答案A 6 MichaelTomasello stestsonyoungchildrenindicatethatthey A havetheinstincttohelpothersB knowhowtoofferhelptoadultsC knowtheworldbetterthanchimpsD trustadultswiththeirhandsfull 解析推理判断题 根据第三段最后一句 Hefindsthatifbabiesaged18monthsseeaworriedadultwithhandsfulltryingtoopenadoor almostallwillimmediatelytrytohelp 和第四段第一句 Thereareseveralreasonstobelievethattheurgestohelp informandsharearenottaught butnaturallypossessedinyoungchildren 可知只有18个月的孩子就知道去帮助他人 而且帮助他人的做法并不是父母亲教的 属于人类的本能 故A项正确 答案A 7 Thepassageismainlyabout A thehelpingbehaviorsofyoungchildrenB waystotrainchildren ssharedintentionalityC cooperationasadistinctivehumannatureD thedevelopmentofintelligenceinchildren 解析主旨大意题 本文属于科普说明文 作者从猩猩的自私行为导入到人类无私帮助他人的本能 分析了人类愿意帮助他人 愿意与他人合作的本能天性的原因 A B D都属于文章的部分内容 并非中心思想 故C项正确 答案C 主旨大意题是高考阅读理解中常考的题型之一 主要考查考生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力 考查角度通常包括 1 最佳标题 2 寻找文章话题 3 概括文章的中心思想 4 段落大意 设问角度 1 标题归纳类主旨大意题 Which one Whatcan would couldbethebest suitabletitleforthepassage text Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthepassage Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext Thesuitable bestheadline titleofthispassagemaybe Thetitlethatbestexpressestheideaofthepassageis 2 文章大意类主旨大意题 Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthethemeofthepassage Themainpurposeofthisarticleistoshowthat Whatisthemaintheme topic ideaofthispassage Thepassagedealsmainlywith isprimarilyconcernedwith mainlydescribes Themain generalideaofthispassageis Thepassagemainlyfocuseson Thepassageismainlyabout Whichofthefollowingcanbestsummarizethispassage What sthesubjectdiscussedinthispassage Whatdoesthispassagemainlydealwith 3 段落大意类主旨大意题 Themainideaofthesecondparagraphprobablyisthat Whatisthelastparagraphchieflyconcernedwith WhatdoesthewritertrytoexpressinParagraph3 WhichofthefollowingcanbestsummarizeParagraph1 Whatisthemainideaofthefirstparagraph WhatcanbelearnedfromParagraph5 选项特点 1 最佳选项的特点 1 涵盖性强 覆盖全文或全段 例如第7题中的C项C cooperationasadistinctivehumannature概括了全文的主要内容 前两段描述了猩猩相互之间的不合作特点 第三段通过观察和试验 证明了人类从小的时候就具有合作性 故C项是最佳答案 2 确定的范围恰当 既不太大 也不太小 3 精确性强 能恰当地表达原文的主题的中心思想 例如第4题中的选B WhatItMeanstoBeSilent 其中的Means和Silent是两个反映主题的关键词 与文章的首句即主题句 Themeaningofsilencevariesamongculturalgroups 相符 2 干扰选项的特征 1 覆盖面太大 太笼统 大大超出了短文的论述范围 2 覆盖面偏窄 在内容上只涉及短文的某一部分或若干要点 仅为短文的某一要点甚至某一细节 即以偏概全 例如第7题中的选项A只是第三段的主要内容 B项中的sharedintentionality只是在最后一段中出现过 并不是主要内容 D项中的intelligence只是在第四出现过 是本段的主要内容 所以A B和D项反映的是部分的信息 不是全文的主要信息 3 与短文有部分交集 但偏离文章或段落主题 有重叠但不重合 例如第4题中的选项D SpeechIsSilver SilenceIsGold意为 雄辩是银 沉默是金 这个谚语表明的沉默的重要性 与本文的主题思路 沉默在不同文化中的含义 有重叠 但不重合 侧重点不同 本文主要讲述了沉默在一些文化中是好的行为 可在另外一些文化中 是不好的行为 解题策略 主旨大意题主要的解题策略有 1 标题类 文章标题可以是单词 短语 也可以是句子 它的特点是 短小精悍 多为一短语 涵盖性强 一般要求能覆盖全文 其确定的范围要恰当 既不能太大 也不能太小 精确性强 不能随意改变语言表意的程度及色彩 2 主旨类 概括主旨的方法是 先看首尾或各段开头再看全文找主题句 若无明显的主题句 就通过关键词句来概括 如议论文中寻找表达作者观点态度的词句 记叙文中寻找概括情节和中心的动词或反映人物特点的形容词 文中出现两种或两种以上的不同观点时 要务必牢记作者的观点才是体现全文中心的 此外 还要注意一些转折词 如 but yet however although inspiteof bycontrast onthecontrary等 当文章中表示相反的观点时 往往用到这些词 答题时要弄清哪个是作者的观点 排除迷惑性的信息 准确归纳主旨大意 3 段落大意类 解答段落大意题的关键是抓住段落的主题句 主题句往往出现在一段的段首或段尾 但有时也出现在段落中 一般来讲 找准主题句 概括和归纳段落的大意 将快速获取的信息进行逻辑分析和整合就可以作出正确选择