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Unit 4Astronomy：the science of the stars【短文语法填空】It is well known that the Chinese have great respect for their elders, and here is an occasion to show itthe Chongyang Festival. It falls 1. the ninth day of the ninth lunar month. In Chinese, nine 2. (regard) as the number of “yang”. The ninth day of the ninth month is the day that has two“yang” numbers, and “chong” in Chinese means double, which is 3. the name “Chongyang” came into being.The festival can date back to the Warring States Period. However, it was not 4. (formal) set as a festival until the Tang Dynasty. In 1989, the Chinese government 5. (declare) the ninth day of the ninth lunar month to be the Seniors Daya day to respect 6. elderly and to let them enjoy 7. (they)Traditionally, people climb mountains, drink chrysanthemum(菊花) wine, and eat Chongyang cakes. Since “cake” in Chinese is pronounced “gao” meaning “high”， people consider climbing a high mountain to be the same as eating cakes in the hope of 8. (promote) to high positions. And people often think that chrysanthemum wine can get rid of all kinds of diseases and 9. (disaster)Today many activities are held 10. (show) respect to the seniors like organizing a trip for them, sending them gifts and more on the day of the festival.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国的传统节日重阳节的历史发展、名称由来等。1on解析：考查介词。重阳节是在农历九月初九这一天。在特定的某一天用介词on。2is regarded解析：考查动词时态和语态。在中国，九被视为阳数。主语nine和动词regard之间是被动关系，表示“被视为”，故用被动语态；此处是对客观情况的描述，应用一般现在时。3how解析：考查表语从句的连接词。九月的第九天含有两个阳数，“重”在汉语中表示“双倍”的意思，这就是重阳节名称的由来。根据语境可以判断，空处表示“重阳节名称的由来”，故用how引导该表语从句。4formally解析：考查副词。根据空处后的动词set可知，空处修饰该动词，故用副词形式。5declared解析：考查动词的时态。根据该句中的时间状语“In 1989”可知，该句陈述的是发生在1989年的事情，故用一般过去时。6the解析：考查定冠词。the形容词，表示一类人。the elderly表示“老年人”。7themselves解析：考查反身代词。1989年，中国政府宣布农历九月初九为“敬老节”，以此来尊敬老人，并让他们过得愉快。enjoy oneself意为“得到乐趣”。8being promoted解析：考查非谓语动词。根据空处前的介词of可知，空处用动词的ing形式；根据语境可知，主语people和动词promote之间是被动关系，表示“被提升”，故用being promoted。9disasters解析：考查名词复数。人们常常认为菊花酒能消除各种疾病和灾难。根据该句中“diseases and”可知，空处用复数形式。10to show解析：考查动词不定式。如今，人们举办许多活动如组织老人旅游、给老人送礼物以表达对老人的尊敬。根据句意可知，空处表示目的，故用动词不定式。exist vi.存在；生存(1)exist on(live on)sth.靠某物生存exist in 存在于之中exist as 作为而存在；以形态存在exist by 靠方式为生There exist(s).有/生存(2)in existence 现存的；现有的e into existence 产生；存在(教材原句)They laid eggs too and existed on the earth for more than 140 million years.它们也生蛋，在地球上生存了一亿四千多年。Does life exist on other planets?其他行星上有生命吗？As is known to us，China came into existence (exist) as an independent country in 1949.众所周知，在1949年中国以一个独立的国家存在了。单句语法填空(2017北京卷)A machine with a specific purpose has another quality, one that we usually associate with living things: a wish to preserve its own existence (exist). harmful adj.有害的；伤害的(1)do sb.harm/do harm to sb.对某人有害do more harm than good 弊大于利There is no harm in doing sth.做某事没有害处(2)be harmful to.对有害处(3)do good to sb./do sb.good 对某人有好处do wrong to sb./do sb.wrong 冤枉某人(教材原句)What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas.很多科学家相信，由于地球上长期有水存在，它使得地球得以把曾经存在于大气层中的有害气体和酸性物质溶解在海洋里。(2016江苏卷)Droughts bee more harmful(harm)than floods.干旱变得比洪涝更有害。Playing puter games will not only do harm (harmful) to your physical health，but it is also harmful (harm) to your mental health.So there is no harm in advising you to give it up.玩电脑游戏不仅对你的身体健康有害，而且对你的身心健康也有害，因此建议你放弃玩电脑游戏是没有害处的。puzzle vt.使迷惑；使为难；使窘困n(游戏的)猜谜；难题；谜(1)puzzle sb.使某人为难be puzzled by 被迷惑puzzle about/over sth.苦苦思索；仔细琢磨(2)be in a puzzle about sth.对某事迷惑不解(3)puzzling adj.令人困惑的puzzled adj.感到困惑的(教材原句)How life began on earth is one of the biggest puzzles that scientists found hard to solve.地球生命如何起源是科学家们觉得很难解决的最大的难题之一。(2016上海卷)“Patty Poem”leads the writer to recognize her love for puzzles(puzzle)“Patty Poem”使作者意识到她对“猜谜”的喜爱。Her puzzled (puzzle) look showed that she was_puzzled (puzzle) about what he said.Yes，it was really a puzzle because it was_puzzling (puzzle) that he would rather throw away the food than give it to those in need.What he said as well as what he did puzzled (puzzle) all the people present.她的困惑的表情表明她对他说的话感到迷惑。这的确是个谜，因为他宁可把那些食物扔掉也不给那些急需的人的做法令人困惑。他所说的和他所做的让在场的人感到困惑。pull n& vt.拉(力)；拖；牵引力pull apart 拆开；拆散pull away (汽车等)开走pull down 拆毁；摧毁pull in (车辆)进站；向路边(或某处)靠停pull out 驶出；退出pull up 停车(教材原句)As the rocket rose into the air，we were pushed back into our seats because we were trying to escape the pull of the earths gravity.随着火箭的升空，由于我们在努力挣脱地球的引力，我们被向后推在座位上。They are_pulling (pull) down those houses to make room for a new hotel.为了给新旅馆腾地，他们正在拆除那些房屋。(牛津P1604)The police car signalled to us to_pull (pull)in.警车发出信号，要我们驶向路边停靠。【七选五】Everyone knows that fish is good for health. 1 But it seems that many people dont cook fish at home. Americans eat only about fifteen pounds of fish per person per year, but we eat twice as much fish in restaurants as at home. Buying, storing, and cooking fish isnt difficult. 2 This text is about how to buy and cook fish in an easy way. 3 Fresh fish should smell sweet: you should feel that youre standing at the oceans edge. Any fishy or strong smell means the fish isnt fresh. 4 When you have bought a fish and arrive home, youd better store the fish in the refrigerator if you dont cook it immediately, but fresh fish should be stored in your fridge for only a day or two. Frozen fish isnt as tasty as the fresh one.There are many mon methods used to cook fish. 5 First, clean it and season it with your choice of spices (调料). Put the whole fish on a plate and steam it in a steam pot for 8 to 10 minutes if it weighs about one pound. (A larger one will take more time.) Then, its ready to serve.A. Do not buy it.B. The easiest is to steam it.C. This is how you can do it.D. It just requires a little knowledge.E. The fish will go bad within hours.F. When buying fish, you should first smell it.G. The fats in fish are thought to help prevent heart disease.【语篇解读】本文向大家介绍了如何用简单的方法购买和烹制鱼。1.G 【解析】考查与首句语意的一致性。由空后的句意表示转折可知，转折前的句子在语意上应该保持一致，即说明吃鱼对健康的益处。故选G。2.D 【解析】考查句子的承上启下作用。空前一句提到对鱼的选购、储存和烹制并不困难，空后一句讲本文是关于如何以一种简单的方式购买和烹制鱼的，故选D这只需要一点点知识就能做好。3.F 【解析】考查主题句。段落的支撑细节始终围绕主题句展开，本段中第二、三句围绕如何通过嗅觉来鉴别鱼是否新鲜，因此可以判断F项正确。4.A 【解析】考查段落中句子间语意的连贯性和代词的正确使用。空前提到，浓烈的气味说明鱼已不新鲜，故不能买这种鱼。据此可知A项正确。in time 及时；总有一天，迟早；合拍子ahead of time 提前，提早at no time 绝不，在任何时候都不at one time 曾经，一度at a time 一次from time to time 有时，偶尔in no time 立刻，马上for the time being 暂时once upon a time 从前(教材原句)They were in time to produce carbon，nitrogen，water vapour and other gases.它们最终产生了碳、氮气、水蒸气和其他多种气体。If you keep on，you will succeed in time.如果坚持下去，你迟早会成功的。Luckily，I quickly adapted and everything was back in no time.所幸我很快就适应了，不久一切都走上了正轨。At one time，half the land on the earths surface was covered by forest.曾经，地球表面有一半的土地被森林所覆盖。in ones turn 轮到某人；接着in turn 依次；轮流；反之；反过来by turns 轮流；交替地at every turn 处处；事事；每次take turns to do sth.轮流做某事It is ones turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事(教材原句)Thus they have，in their turn，bee the most important animals on the planet.于是，他们接着成为了这个行星上最重要的动物。We take turns to_do (do) housework.我们轮流做家务。Now it is your turn to_look (look) after the children.现在轮到你照看孩子了。cheer up 使(人)高兴/振奋；振作起来(表示鼓励)(1)cheer v欢呼；喝彩cheer sb.on (比赛中)以喝彩声鼓励；为某人加油cheer sb.up 使某人高兴/振奋cheer for.为欢呼(2)cheerful adj.快乐的；高兴的(3)Cheers！(用于祝酒)干杯！(教材原句)I cheered up immediately and floated weightlessly around in our spaceship cabin watching the earth bee smaller and the moon larger.我立刻高兴起来，由于失重我在太空舱里飘来飘去，我望着(身后的)地球越来越小，而(前方的)月亮越来越大。A thousand supporters packed into the stadium to cheer them on.1 000名支持者挤进体育馆里为他们加油。The cheering (cheer) news made the cheerless (cheer)boy cheerful (cheer)，which made his parents cheer up，too.这个令人鼓舞的消息使得这个不愉快的小男孩高兴起来，他的父母也感到很高兴。【短文改错】I like travelling and my dream of visit Beijing，the capital city of our country，e true during the National Day holidays this year.In October 1st，I went to Tiananmen Square with my parents，there we watched the flagraising ceremony. As I watched flag rising slowly，I sang the national anthem，feeling extremely exciting.Then we went to some other famous tourist attraction，like the Great Wall.Standing on the Great Wall，I felt very proudly.I thought of the old saying that“One who fail to reach the Great Wall is not a hero.”Although I was tired，but I really had a good time.【答案】I like travelling and my dream of Beijing，the capital city of our country， true during the National Day holidays this year. October 1st，I went to Tiananmen Square with my parents， we watched the flagraising ceremony. As I watched flag rising slowly，I sang the national anthem，feeling extremely .Then we went to some other famous tourist ，like the Great Wall.Standing on the Great Wall，I felt very .I thought of the old saying that“One who to reach the Great Wall is not a hero.”Although I was tired，/ I really had a good time.第一处：visitvisiting。考查动名词。of为介词，后接动名词作宾语。第二处：e改为came。考查动词的时态。根据该句中的“this year”可知，该处讲述的是过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时。第三处：InOn。考查介词。介词on表示在具体的某一天。第四处：therewhere。考查定语从句。根据语境可知，此处应用where引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Tiananmen Square。第五处：flag前面加上the。考查定冠词。根据语境可知，这里的flag表特指，故用定冠词。第六处：excitingexcited。考查形容词。该句主语为I，修饰人，应用形容词excited，表示“激动的，兴奋的”。第七处：attractionattractions。考查名词的数。attraction作“吸引人的事物”讲时，为可数名词，根据该句中的some可知，此处指多个旅游景点，故用复数形式。第八处：proudlyproud。考查形容词。该句中的感官动词felt用作系动词，后接形容词。第九处：failfails。考查动词的时态和主谓一致。该句陈述的是一般情况，故用一般现在时；该句主语为One，为第三人称单数，故用fails。第十处：删除but或but改为yet。although不能和but连用，能和yet连用。补充：此处也可删除Although，但是语意上没有修改but好。This produced a chain reaction，which made_it_possible for life to develop.这就产生了一系列的反应，使得生命得以发展了。句中使用了“make宾语宾语补足语”结构。即：make宾语宾语补足语当该结构中的宾语是不定式短语或从句时，多用it作形式宾语，而把不定式短语或从句后置，即makeit宾语补足语不定式短语或从句。We made him (he)our monitor.我们选他当班长。Our teacher makes us feel more confident (confidence)我们的老师使我们感到更自信。He made it a rule to_get (get) up at 6 in the morning.他早上六点起床成了惯例。I had to speak aloud to make myself heard (hear)为了让人听见我不得不大声讲话。单句语法填空(2017全国卷)Visiting the exhibition will make you exposed (expose) to Chinese traditional culture.(2017全国卷)The government has already permitted the pany to use special materials to make it easier (easy) for the vehicle to fly.But when I tried to step forward，I found I was carried twice_as_far_as on the earth and fell over.而当我试着向前迈步时，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。twice as far as.是一种倍数的表示方式，意为“是的两倍远”。as far as.“远到”。(1)“A倍数形容词或副词的比较级thanB”，表示“A比B大(长、高、宽等)多少倍”(2)“A倍数as形容词或副词的原级asB”，表示“A是B的多少倍”(3)“A倍数the size/height/length/width，etc.ofB”，表示“A是B大(高、长、宽等)的多少倍”(4)“A倍数what从句”表示“A是的多少倍”。(5)“A倍数asmany/muchn.asB”，表示“A是B的多少倍”This table is twice bigger (big) than that one.This table is 3 times as big as that one.This table is 3 times the size of that one.这张桌子是那张的3倍大。They have three times as many cows as we have.他们的牛是我们的三倍。Our city has experienced twice as much rain this year as it did (do) last year.我们城市今年的降雨量是去年的两倍。The production now is three times what it was ten years ago.现在的产量是10年前的3倍。【阅读理解】When Columbus sailed the ocean blue in 1492 he wasnt looking for America, he was searching for a route from Spain to China; America just got in the way. The Spanish were after the riches of Asia: silk, dates, spices. Until later adventurers discovered how to sail to the Far East, trade with China depended on the Silk Road. The trade between China and Europe brought huge wealth, so the Spanish had a strong desire to find a new way to the East. Eventually a way appeared; as sea traffic developed from the 17th Century onwards, the overland route diminished. Now China is seeking to revive(复兴)the Silk Road and is preparing to invest 4 trillion pounds in new roads, rail links, oil pipelines and other basic facilities. It is hoped that goods can be shipped westwards by land far more quickly and economically than by sea. But the plan is also to attract more tourists. Actually, China does pretty well for tourists already; its the worlds fourth most visited country. Two cities Beijing and Shanghaipossess the tourism business, with significant interest in destinations such as Xian and Chengdu. While Beijing is modern, cities such as Lanzhou and Dunhuang have one foot planted firmly in old China. Other places featured include Xian, the former capital of China, where you can e face to face with the Terracotta Army built to protect Chinas first emperor in the afterlife. From Lanzhou tour members take the train to Jiayuguan, Chinas western gateway and a key location on the Silk Road. There is also a fourday coach journey along the original Silk Route through the Xinjiang region to Kashgar. Along the way, at Kurla, you can visit the ruins of the Iron Fortress.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。在古代，丝绸之路促进了东西方商品和文化的交流，后来没落了。但是最近几年，中国复兴丝绸之路的计划使它又焕发了活力、魅力。【长难句分析】Other places featured include Xian, the former capital of China, where you can e face to face with the Terracotta Army built to protect Chinas first emperor in the afterlife.(倒数第二段第一句)分析：本句是复合句。where引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Xian。译文：其他比较重要的旅游地还包括西安，它曾是中国古代的都城，在那里可以看到为保护去世的中国第一个皇帝而建的兵马俑。1What does the underlined word “diminished” in Paragraph 2 mean?ADiscovered. BDisappeared.CDisturbed. DDisplayed.答案与解析：B考查词义猜测。该题提问的是划线词的含义。根据第二段最后两句中的“the Spanish had a strong desire to find a new way to the East. Eventually a way appeared; as sea traffic developed from the 17th Century onwards”可知，当时西班牙人找到了一条更快、更方便的通往中国的海路，因此随着海上贸易的发展，那条陆地上的丝绸之路逐渐废弃，消失不见了。由此可推断出，“diminish”应意为“消失”。故选B。2What is the purpose of reviving the Silk Road?ATo rebuild the ruins of the Iron Fortress.BTo construct new roads and other basic structures. CTo make transportation westwards faster and cheaper.DTo draw more inland tourists attention to the western gateway.答案与解析：C考查细节理解。It is hoped that goods can be shipped westwards by land far more quickly and economically than by sea.(第三段第二句)译文：中国希望通过陆地比通过海洋能够更快、更经济地将商品运送至西方。该题提问的是复兴丝绸之路的目的是什么。根据关键句可知，这是为了更快、更便宜地将商品输送至西方。故选C。3What can we learn about the Silk Road? AIt is nothing but a trade route. BIt may destroy some cities ancient style. CIt attracts foreign investment of 4 trillion. DIt promotes the tourism industry of China.答案与解析：D考查细节理解。But the plan is also to attract more tourists.(第四段第一句)译文：但是，该计划也是为了吸引更多的游客。该题提问的是关于丝绸之路我们可以了解到什么信息。根据关键句可知，复兴丝绸之路也是为了吸引更多的游客，促进中国旅游业的发展。故选D。4What is the best title for the text?AThe charming of the Silk RoadBThe function of the Silk RoadCThe origin of the Silk RoadDThe future of the Silk Road答案与解析：A考查标题概括。根据文章内容可判断出，本文主要讲述的是：在最近几年，丝绸之路又焕发出了魅力和活力，它不仅方便了商品的运输，而且促进了中国旅游业的发展。A项体现了本文的主题，适合用作标题。故选A。
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