2017年中考英语《被动语态》复习课件.ppt

语法 被动语态 教学目标 基础知识 一 被动语态概述语态是动词的一种形式 用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系 英语的语态共有两种 主动语态和被动语态 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者 被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式 一般说来 只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态 汉语往往用 被 受 给 等词来表示被动意义 2 被动语态的构成 被字句 主语 be 动词过去分词 v ed bysb 我打他Ibeathim 打过了 他被我打Hewasbeatenbyme 他喜欢她Helikesher 她被他喜欢Sheislikedbyhim am is are 被动语态的时态是由be动词的时态决定的 be动词是什么时态 全句就是什么时态 be动词后面的过去分词不变 主动语态变被动语态的方法 WespeakEnglish 主动语态 主语谓语宾语Englishisspokenbyus 被动语态 主语谓语宾语宾变主 主变宾 前加by动变被 看清be 结构分别be pp 1 2 3 主动语态be的谓语形式总结 1 主 am is are 主 am is are being主 will be 主 hasbeen Heisaleader Heisbeinghere Hewillbealeader Hehasbeenaleader 主动语态be的谓语形式总结 2 主 was were 主 was were being主 would be 主 hadbeen Hewasaleader Hewasbeingherejustnow Hewouldbealeader Hehadbeenaleaderseveralyearsago 各种时态被动语态的结构 一般现在时 is am aredone一般将来时 willbedone现在进行时 is am arebeingdone现在完成时 have hasbeendone一般过去时 was weredone过去将来时 would shouldbedone过去进行时 was werebeingdone过去完成时 hadbeendone含情态动词的 情态动词 be done 被动语态 主 be 过去分词 bysb 1 Heeatstheapple 2 Heatetheapple 3 Heiseatingtheapple 4 Hewaseatingtheapple 5 Hewilleattheapple 6 Hewouldeattheapple 7 Hehaseatentheapple 8 Hehadeatentheapple 1 Theappleiseatenbyhim 2 Theapplewaseatenbyhim 3 Theappleisbeingeatenbyhim 4 Theapplewasbeingeatenbyhim 5 Theapplewillbeeatenbyhim 6 Theapplewouldbeeatenbyhim 7 Theapplehasbeeneatenbyhim 8 Theapplehadbeeneatenbyhim 三 情态动词的被动语态 他儿子一定照顾这个人 Hissonmusttakecareoftheperson 这个人一定要由他儿子照顾 即这个人一定照顾由他儿子 Thepersonmustbetakencareofbyhisson 含有情态动词的句子变为被动语态时 在情态动词后面直接加上be动词即可 构成 主语 情态动词 can may must be 永远是原形 过去分词 bysb 1 Youmustdothisassoonaspossible 2 Icanuseit 3 Youshouldbuyadictionary 4 Theyneedlookafterthelittlechild 5 Wecanchangewaterintoice 1 Thismustbedoneassoonaspossible byyou 2 Itcanbeused 3 Adictionaryshouldbebought byyou 4 Thelittlechildneedbelookedafter bythem 5 Watercanbechangedintoice 没有被动语态的几种情况 1 所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态之中 这类动词或短语如 takeplace 发生 happen 发生 die end vi 结束 fail lie cometruee g Thestoryhappenedin1990 e g Hisdreamhascometrue e g Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinourhometownduringthepasttenyears 2 系动词无被动语态 be become fall feel get grow keep look seem smell sound taste Thepieceofmusicsoundsgood 听起来很好 Thecaketastesdelicious 被动语态中几个要注意的问题 1 使役动词和感官动词的被动语态在主动语态中 使役动词和感官动词后都是接动词原形 而在被动语态中需接动词不定式 e g Thegreatnewsmadeherfeelhappy shewasmadetofeelhappybythegreatnews Iheardhersinginherroomafewminutesago Shewasheardtosinginherroomafewminutesago 2 含有双宾语的动词在变为被动语态 有些双宾动词 如buy give leave lend offer pay show teach tell等 在变为被动语态时 既可把间接宾语 指人 变为被动语态的主语 而把直接宾语 指事物 保留下来 称为保留宾语 也可把直接宾语 指事物 变为被动语态的主语 而把间接宾语改为介词to或for引起的状语 到底用to还是for 与所搭配的动词有关 比较 Hegavehersomemoney 他给她一些钱 Shewasgivensomemoney Somemoneywasgiventohim Heboughtherawatch 他给她买了一快表 Awatchwasboughtforher Shewasboughtawatch 3 一些动词短语用于被动语态时 动词短语应当看作一个整体 而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词 Helistenstotheradioeveryday Theradioislistenedtobyhimeveryday Thenurseistakingcareofthesickman Thesickmanisbeingtakencareofbythenurse 基础练习题 1 ThePeople sRepublicofChina onOctober1 1949 A foundB wasfoundedC isfoundedD wasfound 2 English inCanada A speaksB arespokenC isspeakingD isspoken 3 ThisEnglishsong bythegirlsafterclass A oftensingsB oftensangC isoftensangD isoftensung B D D 4 Thiskindofcar inJapan A makesB madeC ismakingD ismade 5Newcomputers allovertheworld A isusedB areusingC areusedD haveused 6 Ourroommust clean A keepB bekeptC tobekeptD tokeep D C B 7 Anewhouse atthecorneroftheroad A isbuildingB isbeingbuiltC beenbuiltD bebuilding 8 Thekey onthetablewhenIleave A wasleftB willbeleftC isleftD hasbeenleft 9 Hisnewbook nextmonth A willbepublishedB ispublishingC isbeingpublishedD hasbeenpublished B C A 10 Theflowers often A mustbewaterB mustbewateredC mustwateredD mustwater B 提高练习题 1 Theoldbridgeinmyhometown nextmonth A isgoingtoberebuiltB willrebuiltC aregoingtoberebuiltD aregoingtorebuilt2 Theplay atthetheatrenextSunday A isgoingtobeshownB willshownC willshowD isshown A A 3 Nowthesemagazines inthelibraryforalongtime A havekeptB arekeepingC havebeenkeepingD havebeenkept4 I dliketobuythatcoat I msorry A itsoldB it ssellingC It sbeensoldD ithadbeensold D C 5 Thesepapers yet A havenotwrittenB havenotbeenwrittenC hasnotwrittenD hasnotbeenwritten6 Thesportsmeet behelduntilnextweek A didn tB won tC isn tD doesn t7 Thebooksmay fortwoweeks A bekeptB beborrowedC keepD borrow B B A 8 Thebrokenbike herebyMrSmith A canmendB canmendedC canbemendD canbemended9 Tea inthesouthofChina 多 A growsB isgrownC weregrownD willgrow10 Oldpeoplemust A lookafterwellB belookedwellafterC lookedwellafterD belookedafterwell D B D 11 Newly bornbabies inhospital A aretakengoodcareB aretakengoodcareofC takegoodcareofD takegoodcare12 I fiveminutestodecidewhetherIshouldgoornot A amgivenB wasbeengivingC hadgivenD wasgiven13 Shewill goodcare A take ofB betaken ofC take foryouD betaken ofyou B D B 14 Theteachermadehim hishomework A todoB doC didD done15 Thesechildren dance A wereseentoB wereseenforC wereseenD sawto16 Thebike 500yuan A wascostB costedC costD iscosted B A C 17 Theimportantmeeting onacoldmorninglastyear A washadB washeldC heldD had18 Greatchanges inthepasttenyearsinChina A tookplacetoB havetakenplaceC weretakingplaceD hadtakenplace B D 19 Themedicine inadryandcoolplace A keepB mustkeepC mustbekeptD mustbekeep C 练习题 1 Somebody Jackphonedwhileyouwereout A tocallB callingC beingcalledD called2 Thesewalls stone A aremadeofB madeofC aremadeintoD madeinto3 Jane tosingusanAmericansonglastSaturday A calledB wasaskedC toldD wassaid 4 Thecoat hersister A madetoB weremadeforC wasmadeforD wasmadeto5 Pleasepassmeanothercup Thisone A isbrokenB isbreakingC brokeD broken6 Theboy ismyfriend A isnamedJohnB nameJohnC namedJohnD arenamedJohn 7 Thestorybooks bythewriterinthe1960s A arewrittenB werewrittenC arewritingD werewriting8 Thefirsttextbook forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury A havewrittenB tobewrittenC beingwrittenD written 9 Pricesofdailygoods throughacomputercanbelowerthanstoreprices A areboughtB boughtC beenboughtD buying10 Therepairscostalot butit smoneywell A tospendB spentC beingspentD spendingAnswers 1 5DABCA6 10CBDBB