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Unit 4Making the news【短文语法填空】Helping a person forget something is rarely easy, especially if the “something” is hurtful or negative. Use some simple techniques to distract from the issue and 1. (hope) with time going by, the person wont be able to remember 2. he is supposed to forget.Remove all the items that may bring back the memory. Any small objects can jog his memory, so carefully replace any photos, diaries or any other 3. (person) objects or presents with new items.Change the subject whenever your friend brings it up. Dont do this in 4. obvious way because this is annoying, but do it without his awareness of your 5. (intend). Tell some 6. (amuse) stories or talk about important and happy events in your friends life such as a new nephew or a work promotion.Occupy him with 7. (activity) and appointments. Keeping him too busy 8. (think) about the past helps him see a positive light. Create a full schedule and introduce new things and experiences, such as a cooking class, which require concentration.Be patient and allow time to get over things. It will be often a long time 9. your friend fully removes that memory, so dont be 10. (disappoint) if it doesnt happen immediately.【解题导语】本文主要讲述了帮助他人忘掉不快乐的记忆的四条建议。1hopefully解析：考查副词。空处修饰后面的整个句子，故用副词形式。2what解析：考查宾语从句。分析该句结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，且在从句中作动词forget的宾语，故用what引导该宾语从句，表示随着时间流逝，这个人就不会记得他应当忘记的事情了。3personal解析：考查形容词。空处修饰名词objects，故用形容词形式。句意：任何小物件都能唤起记忆，所以小心地用新物品替换任何照片、日记或其他个人的物品或礼物。4an解析：考查冠词。不要以一种明显的方式做这件事，因为这很烦人。该处表示“一种明显的方式”，表示泛指，故用不定冠词；obvious的读音以元音音素开头，故用an。5intention解析：考查名词。根据空前的形容词性物主代词your可知，该处用名词形式。句意：不要以明显的方式来做这件事情，因为这很烦人，但要在他(朋友)没有意识到你的意图的情况下做这件事情。6amusing解析：考查形容词。根据空后的名词stories可知，空处修饰该名词，故用形容词形式amusing。句意：讲一些有趣的故事，或者谈谈你朋友的生活中重要和快乐的事情，比如刚出生的侄子或者工作晋升。7activities解析：考查名词复数。根据该句中的“and appointments”可知，空处与此并列，应用名词的复数形式。句意：使他忙于活动和约会。8to think解析：考查固定搭配。too.to.为固定搭配，意为“太而不能”。句意：让他忙得无法想起往事，这有助于让他看到积极之光。9before解析：考查连词。句意：通常很长的一段时间之后，你的朋友才会完全忘掉这段记忆，所以如果他没有马上忘掉这段记忆，你不要失望。It will be一段时间before.表示“多久之后才”，故用连词before。10disappointed解析：考查形容词。空处所在句为祈使句，系动词be后接形容词，且修饰人，故用disappointed。inform vt.告知；通知(1)inform sb.of/about sth.告知某人某事inform sb.(that).通知某人inform oneself of sth.了解，熟悉某事(2)informed adj.了解情况的；见识广的keep sb.informed(of)使某人了解情况(3)information nU通知，消息，情报，信息(教材原句)They must use research to inform themselves of the missing parts of the story.他们必须通过调查研究来获悉被遗漏的那部分情况。My boss is on business.Before leaving，he asked me to pay attention to the latest _information_ (inform) about the new product iPhone7.Its said that Jenny is well _informed_ (inform) and one of my tasks is to keep him _informed_ (inform) if Jenny calls me.我们的老板要出差。出发前他要求我注意关于苹果7的最新消息。据说珍妮消息很灵通，我的任务之一就是如果珍妮给我打电话就告知他。(2016江苏卷)There are several reasons to believe that the urges to help，_inform_ (information) and share are not taught，but naturally possessed in young children.有很多原因令人相信：要求孩子们帮助，通知和分享不是教的而是孩子们自然形成的。case n情况；病例；案例in case 万一，以防，以免(后接从句)in case of 万一，以防，以免(后接名词、代词)in this/that case 在这种/那种情况下in some cases 在某些情况下in any case 在任何情况下，不管怎样in no case 决不，在任何情况下都不as is often the case 这是常有的事(教材原句)Have you ever had a case where someone accused your journalists of getting the wrong end of the stick?你有没有遇到过这种情况：别人控告你的记者，说他的报道失实呢？_As_ is often the case，fire breaks out because of carelessness._In_ that case，remember to keep calm.In _no_ case can you jump from the top of a high building，which is dangerous.You may call 119 or 110 in case _of_ emergency and try to take some effective measures before the arrival of rescue _in_ case you get burnt.这是常有的事，由于粗心而引发火灾。在那种情况下，记住要保持镇静。决不能从楼顶上跳下来，这是危险的。你可以打119或110在万一发生紧急情况下并且尽量采取一些有效措施在救援来到之前以防你被烧伤。(2016江苏卷)It is often _the_ case that anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.对于那些心存希望的人一切皆有可能。employ vt.雇用某人；利用(时间等)；使用某人/某物n工作；职业；雇用(1)employ sb.in/on sth.雇用某人做某事employ sb.to do sth.雇用某人做某事employ sth.to do sth.利用某物做某事employ.as.雇佣某人作为/把当作来使用(2)employ n雇用；使用in the employ of/in sb.s employ 受雇于某人(3)employe(e)n.雇员；雇工employer n雇主；雇用者employment n(人的)雇用；职业；工作unemployment n失业She _employs_ (employ) herself by reading after work.工作之余，她忙于读书。The children _were employed/employed themselves_ (employ)in painting.孩子们忙于画画儿。After two years _unemployment_ (失业)，he has just _been employed by_ (刚被雇用) a big pany.To be a good _employee_ (一名优秀员工)，he _employs_ (花费) all his spare time in learning about new things about the pany.Soon he is promoted by his _employer_ (雇主)单句语法填空(2017全国卷)Minutes after the last movie ended yesterday at the Plaza Theater，_employees_ (employee) were busy sweeping up popcorns and gathering coke cups.demand n要求；需要 vt.强烈要求(1)demand sth.要求，需要demand to do sth.要求做某事demand of sb.to do sth.要求某人干某事demand sth.of/from sb.向某人索取某物demand that.(should)do.要求demand doing/to be done 需要(2)in(great)demand 需求量很大；许多人都需要on demand 一经要求meet/satisfy ones demands 满足某人的需要make demands of/on 对提出要求；有求于(3)demanding adj.要求高的；费力的(教材原句)It was a dilemma because the footballer could have demanded damages if we were wrong.这是一个两难问题，因为如果我们错了，足球队员就可以要求补偿损失。I demand _to know_ (know) whats going on.我要求了解正在发生什么事情。My car demands/needs/requires _repairing/to be repaired_ (repair)，so I have to go to work by bus.我的小汽车需要修理了，因此我必须乘公共汽车上班。(1)demand作“要求”讲，后跟从句时，要用虚拟语气，即谓语部分用“should动词原形”，should可以省略。(2)demand不能用于demand sb.to do sth.结构。(3)“向某人要某物”不能用demand sb.sth.结构，要用demand sth.of(from)sb.结构。(4)demand的主语是物时，常用demand doing或demand to be done结构。require，want，need，deserve等词都有此用法。【七选五】Everyone knows how important trees are to the wellbeing of the earth._1_ By providing shade for people to enjoy time outside，trees can shade our homes to keep them cooler in the summertime.They can hide unsightly(不美观的)views，reduce noise from nearby roads，and serve as windbreaks.Many types also produce flowers and fruit.These tall plants simply make our homes and neighborhoods more attractive.Choosing Trees_2_ Planting a tree is a longterm project.Large shade varieties，especially，take a long time to grow.And once planted，they are difficult to move.Trees can also be a significant financial investment，so its important to choose wisely._3_ You may not have room to grow all the types you want to try.So take the time to choose a plant you like that also will grow well in the conditions you can provide.Trees vary widely in their need for space，light，and soil conditions.CareOnce youve made a choice，youll need to prepare your site for planting.You may need to clear the area of other vegetation and improve the soil with organic matter such as fertilizer and nutrients.If you plant a tree yourself，carefully follow the instructions given by the nursery or read “How to Plant a Tree”_4_Providing proper care after its planted is also important._5_ Feed regularly，water deeply，and prune(修剪) them carefully，so they bee strong and healthy.Mature plants usually dont need to be watered or fertilized.AThey also provide homes for wildlife.BYour success depends on proper planting.CMany yards have space for only a few large plants.DYoung plants should be babied for the first few years.EThey develop large root systems and can grow by themselves.FWhen you are planting trees，its wise to plan your selections carefully.GBut do you know there are also many advantages of growing them in your own yard?【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了种树的一些注意事项。【段意梳理】 第一部分：总述树的益处。第二部分：要谨慎地选择所种的树。第三部分：种好树要进行适当的照料。1G空前讲述的是树对地球的重要性，空后讲述的是树给人们及其住所提供的诸多好处，前后意思上存在轻微的转折；且下文主要讲述的是如何自己种树，故选项G与此处匹配。2F该部分的主题为Choosing Trees，主要讲述的是要谨慎地选择所种的树，故F项与此处匹配。下文中的“so its important to choose wisely”亦是提示。3C根据空后内容可知，你可能没有足够的空间来种所有你想种的树，所以要选择能在你所能提供的条件中良好生长的树。空后内容围绕“空间”展开，故C项与此处匹配。4B根据空前一句“If you plant a tree yourself, carefully follow the instructions given by the nursery or readHow to Plant a Tree”可知，自己种树时遵循指南很重要，空处承接上文，故选项B与此处匹配。5D空前一句讲的是种好树后适当的照料很重要，空后一句叙述了具体的照料方法，空处连接上下文；末句中的“Mature plants”与此处形成对比，由此可推断空处讲的是对未成熟的植株的照料需要花一段时间，故选项D与此处匹配。concentrate on 集中；全神贯注于(1)concentrate(sth.)on(doing)sth.集中于/专心于某事concentrate ones attention/efforts/thoughts/energy on.把某人的注意力/努力/思想集中到be concentrated on/upon sth.be fixed onbe focused on 集中于/专心于某事be concentrated in/on/around.集中在；汇集于(2)fix ones attention onfocus onbe absorbed/lost/buried/occupied in 把注意力集中在put ones mind in.专心于apply oneself/ones mind to.专心于put ones heart into.集中精力David Cameron is urging todays youngsters _to concentrate_ (concentrate) on the tongue of the futureMandarin.戴维卡梅伦呼吁英国年轻人集中精力学习“未来的语言”(中文)普通话。We must concentrate our efforts on _improving_ (improve) education.我们必须致力于改进教育工作。depend on 依靠；依赖(1)depend on sb.to do sth.依靠某人做某事depend on sb.for sth.依靠某人供给某物depend on/upon it that.指望；对深信不疑(2)That depends./It all depends.视情况而定。(3)rely on/count on 依靠(教材原句)Meanwhile you have to prepare the next question depending on what the person says.同时，你还要根据被采访人所说的话准备提出下一个问题。You may depend on _it_ that she will help you.你可以相信她会帮助你的。Can you finish the work before Sunday?你可以在星期天之前完成这项工作吗？That _depends_ (depend)/It all _depends_ (depend)这要看情况而定。【短文改错】I usually go to school by bike.And this morning I went on foot.On the way to school，I happen to witness an accident.A middleaged woman was knocked down by a car while crosses the street.Seeing that was happening on the scene，I made rush for the woman to help.One passerby got out of his cellphone and called the police.I helped to carry the woman to safe and dress her wound. Around ten minutes late, an ambulance arrived and took him to hospital.I continued my way to school，feeling happily that I could offer some help in time.【答案】I usually go to school by bike. this morning I went on foot.On the way to school，I to witness an accident.A middleaged woman was knocked down by a car while the street.Seeing was happening on the scene，I made rush for the woman to help.One passerby got out his cellphone and called the police.I helped to carry the woman to and dress her wound. Around ten minutes ， an ambulance arrived and took to hospital.I continued my way to school，feeling that I could offer some help in time.第一处：AndBut。考查连词。前后句之间是转折关系，故用But。第二处：happenhappened。考查时态。根据上文中的“I went on foot”可知，此处描述的是发生在过去的事情，应该用一般过去时。第三处：crossescrossing。考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，cross与A middleaged woman之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故应用现在分词形式。第四处：thatwhat。考查名词性从句。这里指“看到现场发生的事情”。此处在句中引导宾语从句，且在从句中作主语，表示“的事情”，故用what。第五处：rush前加a。考查冠词。此处指作者冲向那位女士以提供帮助。make a rush for“冲向，奔向”是固定搭配。第六处：删除out后的of。考查固定搭配。一位路人拿出他的手机并给警察打了电话。get“取来，拿来”，是及物动词，其后可直接接宾语；out在此为副词。而get out of sth.意为“离开(某地)，摆脱，放弃”，显然不符合此处的语境。故of多余。第七处：safesafety。考查名词。此处充当介词的宾语，应该用名词形式。safety“安全的地方”。第八处：latelater。考查副词。虽然late和later都可用作副词，但前者表示“迟，晚”，后者表示“后来，随后”。根据句意可知，应将late改为later。第九处：himher。考查代词。此处指的是救护车将那个受伤的女士带去了医院，故应用her。第十处：happilyhappy。考查形容词。feel是系动词，其后应用形容词作表语。His discussion with his new boss，Hu Xin(HX)，_was to_ strongly _influence_ his life as a journalist.他与他的新老板胡新的讨论对他的记者生涯必将产生重要影响。be to do句型在本句中表示“注定会；一定”。be to do句型的含义：(1)预先安排好的计划或约定。(2)表示说话人的意图、职责、义务、命令等情感意义。(3)表示注定要发生或一定会发生的事情。(4)用于条件状语从句，表示“如果想；设想”。Every member of the party was _to pay_ (pay) his own expense.参加晚会的所有人费用自理。If you are _to succeed_ (succeed)，you have to make more efforts.如果你想成功的话，你必须更加努力。The talk with his beloved teacher was _to change_ (change) his life.和他深爱的老师的谈话注定会改变他的生活。The letter is _to be handed_ (hand) to him in person.这封信必须亲手交给他。He admitted that he knew the man who _was supposed to have_ bribed him，but denied that he had ever taken any money.他承认他认识那个行贿人，但他否认接受过贿赂。be supposed to do 被认为；应该(should)。如果不定式动作发生在以前，要用be supposed to have done 形式，意为“被认为做过某事”。was/were supposed to do sth.is/are supposed to have done sth.should have done sth.本该做某事suppose/supposing/provided/providing.假如，假设I suppose so.我看行吧；我想是的。I dont suppose so.I suppose not.我看不行；我想不是这样。Everybody _is supposed_ (suppose) to know the law，but few people do.人人都该懂得法律，但很少有人做到。Whoever is supposed _to be fit_ (fit) for the job was asked to sign up.无论是谁，只要被认为适合做这项工作都被要求报了名。Tom was supposed _to have stolen_ (steal) the money.汤姆被认为偷了钱。【阅读理解】Susan Brownell Anthony was a lady ahead of her time. She fought for womens rights long before they became a popular issue. Susan was born on February 15,1820, in Adams, Massachusetts. At that time, women had few rights. They could not own property. Money earned by a married woman belonged to her husband. Major decisions regarding children were made by the fathers. Women could not vote. At the age of 15, Susan became a schoolteacher. She taught for 15 years. Then she began organizing womens groups to promote causes that were important to women. She helped gain better educational rights for women. She helped give married women possession of their earnings. After the Civil War, Susan became very involved in the womens suffrage movement. After years of lecturing, writing, and appealing by Susan and other women, some parts of the United States changed their laws to give women the right to vote. The first state was Wyoming in 1869. Other areas and states gradually followed Wyomings decision. It was not until 1920 that the US. Constitution was changed to give all women voting rights. Susan Brownell Anthony died in 1906 at the age of 86. She was elected to the Hall of Fame for Great Americans in 1950. She was the first American woman to have a likeness(肖像) of her face on a coin. It was the 1979 Susan Brownell Anthony dollar.【文章大意】本文主要介绍了美国历史上著名的女权运动领袖Susan Brownell Anthony。她努力为妇女争取了财产权、投票权等权利。【难句分析】Then she began organizing womens groups to promote causes that were important to women.(第三段第二句)分析：该句为主从复合句，句中that were important to women为that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词causes。译文：随后她开始组织妇女群体加速实现对妇女来说重要的目标。1. What was the situation of American women like when Susan was born?AThey had low social status.BThey could vote after getting married.CThey managed money for their husbands.DThey were responsible for decisionmaking.答案与解析：A考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“At that time，women had few rights. They could not own property. Money earned by a married woman belonged to her husband. Major decisions regarding children were made by the fathers. Women could not vote.”可知，在那时，女性没有什么权利，地位是低下的，故A项正确。B、C和D项均与此表述不符。2. What is the third paragraph mainly about?ASusans teaching experiences.BSusans educational background.CSusans efforts to abolish slavery.DSusans fighting for womens causes.答案与解析：D考查段落大意。通读第三段尤其是“Then she began organizing womens groups to promote causes that were important to women.”可知，本段主要讲述Susan Brownell Anthony为争取女权而斗争的情况，故D项正确。A项仅为细节之一，无法概括该段大意；B项文中没有提及；根据第三段的“Then she began organizing womens groups to promote causes that were important to women”可知，Susan Brownell Anthony为争取女权而斗争，而不是为废除奴隶制而斗争，故C项错误。3 What does the word “decision” in the fourth paragraph refer to? APromoting the social movement. BChanging the US. Constitution. CGiving women voting rights. DUniting other areas and states.答案与解析：C考查词义猜测。根据第四段第二句中的“some parts of the United States changed their laws to give women the right to vote”可知，在Susan Brownell Anthony的努力下，美国一些地区修改了法律，给了妇女投票权；结合该段第三、四句“The first state was Wyoming in 1869. Other areas and states gradually followed Wyomings decision”可以判断，画线词指代“给妇女投票权”这一决定，故C项正确。4. What may be the best title for the text? AThe first American woman to invent coins BThe problem of womens rights in the US. CThe most popular women organizations DA pioneer in fighting for womens rights答案与解析：D考查标题判断。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了美国历史上著名的女权运动领袖Susan Brownell Anthony。她为妇女争取了财产权、投票权等权利。据此可知D项最适合作文章标题。
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