资源描述
Section Grammar对应学生用书P43基础题单句语法填空1It was not until he went abroad _ he realized how important his family is to him.答案：that2_ will be three days before he makes a decision.答案：It3_ took me great courage to tell the truth.答案：It4_was considerate of Michael to inform us of his delay in case we got worried.答案：It5How was it _ your brother succeed in finishing the difficult task?答案：that6Is this the second time _ you have been to Guangzhou?答案：that7_ seems a pity to waste the food.答案：It8You can depend on _ that he can help you.答案：it9It was on the farm _ he spent his childhood _ he learned how to grow vegetables.答案：where; that10Is it in Beijing _ the 24th Winter Olympic Games will be held in 2022?答案：that单句改错1New technologies have made that possible to turn out new products faster and at a lower cost._答案：thatit2How long ago was that you last saw her?_答案：was后加it3This is a fact that there is a generation gap between parents and children._答案：ThisIt4It was her being careless which resulted in the terrible accident._答案：whichthat5It is high time that we get started._答案：we后加should或getgot能力题阅读理解A(2018福州市高三期末)A new study suggests that tiny organisms living underground may store most of the carbon in Swedish forest floors. Thats a good thing for the environment: If the carbon remains hidden in the soil, then its not escaping into the atmosphere. There, it could contribute to global warming.These organisms, called mycorrhizal fungi (菌根真菌), grow on tree roots. They provide trees with nutrients in exchange for their sugars, which contain carbon.Scientists had long believed that most of the carbon sits above ground. But the new study suggests most carbon is trapped in the soil. Carbon is a building block of every living organism, from people and fish to bacteria and trees. Trees are masters at stashing carbon. They breathe in carbon dioxide from the air. They use the carbon to grow branches, leaves and roots. But the element moves around. If a tree falls down and rotsor is cut down and burnedits carbon goes back into the air as carbon dioxide. Too much of the gas in the air can foster global warming.In cold northern forests, like those in Sweden, fallen leaves and branches take a long time to rot. That means the carbon in those materials can stay put for a long time.To learn more about what a tree does with its carbon, ecologists at the Swedish University collected soil from 30 forested Swedish islands. They then measured the amount and age of the carbon in the samples. The scientists found that deeper, fungifilled soils contained more carbon than soils from the surface of the forest floor.When the scientists dated the carbon in the samples, they got a surprise: They found “young” carbon in deeper soils. The researchers had expected to find young carbon only in soils closer to the surface of the forest floor. The only explanation, they say: The young carbon came from the underground fungi that swallow carboncontaining sugars from tree roots.With the new findings, scientists may better understand soils role in storing carbon. That information could help improve forecasts for global warming.1How do fungi grow?AThey consume carbon dioxide.BThey digest fallen tree branches.CThey absorb nutrients from the soil.DThey obtain sugars from tree roots.答案：D细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，这种菌根真菌生长于树的根部，它们为树木提供营养，以换取树木中含有碳的糖。据此可知，这种菌根真菌吸收树根中的糖分，故D项正确。2What does the underlined word “stashing” in Paragraph 3 mean?AStoring. BReducing.CTransforming. DProducing.答案：A词义猜测题。根据第三段第四至五句“Trees are masters at stashing carbon. They breathe in carbon dioxide from the air.”可知，树木从空气中吸进二氧化碳，所以树木是储藏碳的能手；据此可以判断，画线词意为“储存”，故A项正确。3Why were the scientists surprised at the findings?AYoung carbon was found in the surface of the forest floor.BThe findings could not be explained scientifically.CThe findings proved their previous ideas wrong.DIt is hard to find young carbon in the underground fungi.答案：C推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“They found young carbon in deeper soils. The researchers had expected to find young carbon only in soils closer to the surface of the forest floor.”可知，研究人员原以为新碳应存在于靠近地表的土壤中，但是研究发现，新碳却存在于深层土壤中，即发现的结果与他们先前的推论不一样，故他们感到惊讶，故C项正确。4Which of the following can be the best title for the text?AFungi in Cold Northern ForestsBFungi as Carbon KeepersCFungi on the Roots of TreesDFungi in the Deep Soil答案：B标题判断题。通读全文可知，本文是一篇科普说明文，菌根真菌能通过吸收树木的糖，从而将碳储藏在深层土壤中可知，这种菌根真菌是碳的保存者，故B项最能概括文意。BAn accidental discovery has brought seismologists (地震学家) one step closer to being able to predict earthquakes. As part of an effort to measure underground changes caused by shifts in barometric pressure, a team of researchers found that increases in underground pressure came before earthquakes along Californias San Andreas Fault by as much as 10 hours. If followup tests confirm these findings, seismologists may eventually be able to provide a few hours notice for people to find a safe place before quakes. “Predicting earthquakes is the final goal for seismologists，” says Fenglin Niu, the research teams lead author and a Rice University seismologist. “This is a start.” The research team theorizes that the immense amount of pressure building along the Fault causes small cracks within the rock during the final hours before an earthquake, which increases rock density and slows the transmission signals. “The more cracks you have, the slower the seismic velocity (震波速度) will be，” says study coauthor Paul Silver, a geophysicist with the Carnegie Institution of Washington. Still unknown is whether there is any significance to the fact that the magnitude3 quake had a much longer preseismic signal than lowermagnitude quakes, or whether it was simply because its magnitude was larger and its epicenter (震中) closer to the sensors. If scientists can flesh out the new findings during future earthquakesa twoyear study at the same seismically active location begins this Septemberit could form the basis of a vastly improved earlywarning system for quakes. Current earthquakewarning systems give just a few seconds notice because they detect only Pwaves, the fastmoving seismic waves that precede the more destructive waves released during a quake. Upgrading to a seismic stress meter, however, is still a long way off. 5The author wrote this passage to tell us something about _.Aa traditional way of predicting earthquakesBthe importance of predicting earthquakesCa new way of predicting earthquakesDthe damages caused by horrible earthquakes答案：C主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了一种新的可以有效地预测地震的方法。6According to the passage, we can infer that the traditional way of predicting earthquakes _.Acosts much more than the new oneBproduces accurate informationCdoes not provide enough time for people to escapeDis less accurate than the new one 答案：C推理判断题。根据第一段第三句中的“seismologists may eventually be able to provide a few hours notice for people to find a safe place before quakes”和最后一段第二句中的“Current earthquakewarning systems give just a few seconds notice”可推知，以前的预测方式不能给人们提供足够的逃生时间。7Which of the following factors probably will NOT influence the preseismic signal?AThe weather in the earthquake area.BThe magnitude of the earthquake.CThe position of the sensors.DThe position of the epicenter.答案：A细节理解题。根据第二段中的“ . whether it was simply because its magnitude was larger and its epicenter (震中) closer to the sensors”可知，只有A与此无关。8According to the last paragraph, we learn that _.Athe new discovery will be put into use soonBa vastly improved earlywarning system has been formedCthe new discovery will be tested in the futureDthe current earthquakewarning systems are not useful 答案：C推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，科学家们要在未来两年的地震中来检验这一方法是否有效。语法填空Scientists have found one answer to water shortages. It is a new material _1_ collects water from the air. They got the idea from a beetle (甲虫) that lives in an African desert. The deserts in Namibia _2_ (be) very dry, but the Namib Desert beetle is an expert at _3_ (survive) in dry conditions. Its shell is covered in small bumps (隆起之处) that collect _4_ (drop) of water from the air. It is enough _5_ (keep) the beetle alive. Scientists would like to make their own materials that could collect water from the air, so they _6_ (study) the shape and material of the bumps. They said the technology could help _7_ heating and air conditioning. One scientist, Philseok Kim, said, “Heat and power plants, for example, rely on things to _8_ (swift) change steam into liquid water. Our design could help speed up that process and even allow for operation at _9_ higher temperature.” Another scientist, Joanna Aizenberg, said she was looking forward to getting more new technologies from nature. She said, “Everybody is _10_ (thrill) about bioinspired materials research.”1_2._3._4._5_6._7._8._9_10._1that/which考查定语从句的引导词。根据句子结构可知，设空处引导的定语从句，修饰先行词material，关系词在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词that/which。句意：这是一种从空气中收集水的新型材料。2are考查动词的时态和主谓一致。设空处讲的是一般性的客观事实，应用一般现在时；句中主语为The deserts，所以谓语动词用复数。故填are。句意：纳米比亚的沙漠非常干旱。3surviving考查非谓语动词。此处应用动名词作介词的宾语。句意：但是纳米布沙漠甲虫对在干旱的条件下生存是很在行的。4drops考查名词的复数。根据句子结构可知，此处应用名词作动词collect的宾语，drop在此处为可数名词，意为“(液体的)滴”，且设空前无冠词或限定词修饰，应用复数形式。句意：它的壳被微小的凸起所覆盖，能够从空气中收集水滴。5to keep考查非谓语动词。enough后用不定式作结果状语。句意：这足够让甲虫存活了。6studied考查动词的时态。根据下文的内容可知，此处叙述的是发生在过去的事情，故用一般过去时。句意：因此他们研究了这些凸起的形状和材质。7with考查介词。help with sth.“对某事有帮助”为固定用法。句意：他们说这一技术可能对加热系统和空调有帮助。8swiftly考查词性转换。根据句子结构可知，此处用副词修饰动词change。句意：比如，热电站要依靠一些东西来快速地将蒸汽转化成液态水。9a考查冠词。此处表泛指，应用不定冠词。句意：我们的设计有助于加速这一过程，甚至使在一种更高温度下的操作成为可能。10thrilled考查词性转换。设空处在句中作表语，应用形容词；此处指的是人的感受，故填thrilled，表示“感到很兴奋的”。句意：每个人对于仿生材料研究都很兴奋。
展开阅读全文