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单元检测（十七）Great People and Great Inventions of Ancient China.阅读理解ACalled “the man who shaped America” and “the father of modern industrial design”， Raymond Loewy must be one of the most influential designers of all time. He revolutionized the industry, working as an adviser for more than 200 panies and creating designs for everything from packaging to refrigerators, from cars to the insides of spaceships.Loewys designs all had one thing in mon. They were shaped by the MAYA principle Most Advanced Yet Acceptable. His idea was that people will not accept solutions to design problems if the solutions are too different from current designs.Loewy started his career in industrial design in 1929 by redesigning a copying machine for the British manufacturer, Sigmund Gestetner. The 28yearold designer pleted the task in three days and the design of the machine lasted for the next 40 years.The Gestetner copying machine was the beginning of many designs which used streamlining (流线型). He described this as “beauty through function and simplification”. He spent the next 50 years streamlining everything from postage stamps and pany logos (商标) to the insides of stores. The famous Greyhound bus and Studebaker car show his use of streamlining in action.He is perhaps most famous for his redesign of the Lucky Strike packaging. In 1940, the President of the Lucky Strike Manufacturing pany, George Washington Hill, bet Loewy 50,000 that he could not improve the appearance of the green and red Lucky Strike packets. Loewy accepted the challenge. He changed the background of the packet from green to white. Then he put the red lucky strike target on both sides of the packet. This made it more eyecatching and greatly increased sales. It is now recognized as a design classic.Loewys logo design aimed at “visual retention (视觉保持)”. He wanted to make sure that anyone who saw the logo, even for a short while, would never forget it. He designed many highly visible logos for famous panies such as Shell Oil, Exxon, Greyhound and Nabisco.By the mid 20th century, his industrial design firm was so famous that he could say “the average person, leading a normal life . is bound to be in daily contact with some of the things, services or structures” designed by his firm.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了20世纪最著名的美国工业设计师之一与美国工业奠基人雷蒙德罗维。1Loewys biggest influence was in _.Apletely changing the design industryBsuccessfully shaping Americans tasteCchanging peoples idea about designDbuilding a professional design team解析：选A细节理解题。根据第一段中的“the father of modern industrial design”和“one of the most influential designers of all time”以及“He revolutionized the industry”可知，雷蒙德罗维完全改变了设计行业。2Loewys designs were based on the idea of _.Aspeeding up the design processBproviding pletely different designsCproviding most immediately recognizable designsDoffering original but not revolutionary answers to problems解析：选D推理判断题。根据第二段可知，罗维的设计都基于一个原则：最先进的但仍可接受的。3Loewy first used streamlining _.Ain his redesign of the Lucky Strike packagingBwhen he designed a pany logo for the GestetnerCwhen he redesigned a copying machine for GestetnerDin his design for the Greyhound bus and Studebaker car解析：选C细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The Gestetner copying machine was the beginning of many designs which used streamlining(流线型)”可知，罗维受委托为一位企业家Sigmund Gestetner重新设计复印机，他首次采用“流线、简单化”的设计理念。4What can we infer from the last paragraph?ALoewy provided service to ordinary people.BLoewys designs were famous and influential.CLoewys design firms existed all over the world.DLoewy was weled and respected by the public.解析：选B推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，一个普通人每日都会接触雷蒙德洛威公司的设计作品，由此可推知，雷蒙德罗维公司的设计作品非常著名，而且极富影响力。BIn the state of Maryland, a girl was born into slavery in 1820. Her parents named her Araminta Harriet Ross. She was to bee Harriet Tubman. She was one of about one million Africans in slavery in the United States.From the age of five, Harriet Tubmans owners made her work very hard. First, she cared for the child of the farm owner. Then, she did hard work on large farms.Although she could not read or write, Tubman learned from her parents to do what was right. Through her whole life, Tubman put herself in danger to help other people.One such act changed her life when she was 13 years old. Because she helped another slave, her owner threw a piece of metal at her and it hit her on the head. She was badly hurt. For the rest of her life, Tubmans head wound caused problems for her.When she was about 25 years old，Harriet married a free black man named John Tubman. But she was still a slave. Her life was so difficult that she decided to escape. She travelled for 145 kilometres, and finally crossed into the North. Tubman became a free woman.But Tubman could not leave her family enslaved in the South. So she travelled back to help them escape as well. Then, she made many trips and guided about 300 slaves to freedom. Tubman also fought bravely in the American Civil War and in 1865 slavery was not allowed in the US.Harriet Tubman died in 1913. Her memory brings hope to many people especially to those who fight for justice. She encouraged people to never give up.“If you want a taste of freedom, keep going.”语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了美国杰出的黑人废奴主义运动家哈莉特塔布曼的生平事迹。5What do we know about Harriet Tubman?AShe was born a slave.BShe was born in Africa.CShe was taken to the US by a slave trader.DShe was sold to a farm owner when she was born.解析：选A细节理解题。根据第一段中的“a girl was born into slavery”可知，哈莉特塔布曼出生于奴隶家庭，也就意味着她一出生就是奴隶。6When she was 13 years old, Tubman _.Aplanned to run awayBhelped a slave escapeCfought bravely against her ownerDwas seriously wounded in her head解析：选D细节理解题。根据第四段中的“when she was 13 years old”和“her owner threw a piece of metal at her and it hit her on the head. She was badly hurt”可知，塔布曼在13岁的时候，头部受到重创。7We can infer from the text that Tubman was _.Ahonest and friendlyBstrong and helpfulClucky and careful Dclever and polite解析：选B推理判断题。根据文中对塔布曼事迹的描述可知，作为奴隶的她受到非人的折磨，但她却凭借自己顽强的意志成功摆脱奴隶的身份，并且多次帮助其他奴隶获得了自由。由此可知，B项准确概括了塔布曼的品质特点。8What would be the best title for the text?AAfricans Fight for FreedomBHarriet Tubman: From Slave to HeroCThe History of Slavery in the United StatesDThe American Civil War: The North Against the South解析：选B标题归纳题。哈莉特塔布曼出身奴隶，但她渴望自由，最终逃到美国北方，获取新生。不仅如此，她还帮助无数黑奴奔向自由，成为一名英雄。故B项为最佳标题。.完形填空My dad died last year. He wasnt _1_， only aged sixtysix. You can probably _2_ the upset, the anger, the unexpected flood of _3_ that have filled the twelve months since then. What would I do without him? More importantly, I had to face up to the _4_ that, with him gone, I was the oldest in my family. The most fearful of all, I realized that there was no one between me and _5_. After his generation was gone, mine would be the next generation. It _6_ I had to be the grownup. Although it was _7_， it brought another realization. All through my life my father had been stepping away from me not in a neglectful (疏忽的) way, but in a way that kept me _8_. He told me when I took my first baby steps, he always held me. The next time I _9_， he stopped holding me. As I moved forward, he took a step back and I took another _10_！ In the swimming pool I swam towards the deep end. I felt _11_ in the knowledge that Dad was right in front. He _12_ as I pleted the first round. He _13_ the seat of my bicycle until he thought I was _14_. And then, without me even _15_ it, he let go and stepped away.When my own _16_ came along, he told me as a father, how I should _17_ them in his opinion. Then he backed away with the words, “But its your _18_.”Now, Im a husband, a father, an uncle and a grandfather. I was all of that _19_ he died. He _20_ me to be a good man, like him.语篇解读：本文主要介绍了过世的父亲对作者的影响。1A.sad BbadCsick Dold解析：选D根据本空后的“only aged sixtysix”可知，作者的父亲去世时还不算老。2A.feel BfindCimagine Dexpect解析：选C根据本空后的“twelve months”可知，你完全可以想象到作者一年来的感受。3A.tears BwordsCletters Dvisitors解析：选A根据本空前的upset和anger可知，父亲去世后，作者整天以泪洗面。4A.fact BnewsCpossibility Dmessage解析：选A作者已经是这个家族中年龄最大的了，这是作者要面对的事实。5A.trouble BdeathCnature Ddanger解析：选B根据上句中的oldest和下句中的“After his generation was gone”可知，最让人作者感到恐惧的是，在他与死亡之间已经没有人了。作者父亲那一代人都已经去世了，马上就要轮到作者这一代人了。6A.showed BsensedCproved Dmeant解析：选D此句是对上句的解释，那就意味着作者不得不承担起一个成人的责任。7A.difficult BsurprisingCfearful Dspecial解析：选C根据上文中的“The most fearful of all”可知，虽然有些恐惧，但是这些恐惧还让作者意识到了一些东西。8A.going away Blooking outCing out Dmoving forward解析：选D与上句中的“stepping away”构成对比，这并不是父亲不管作者，而是促使他奋勇向前。9A.stopped BfellCtried Dworked解析：选C根据本空后的“As I moved forward”可知，作者再次尝试走路。10A.step BrestClead Dlook解析：选A作者向前走时，父亲退后了一步，然后作者又向前迈了一步。11A.hard BsafeCnervous Dtired解析：选B根据本空后的“Dad was right in front”可知，作者知道父亲就在前面，所以他有了安全感。12A.turned up Bcame upCgave in Dwalked away解析：选D作者的父亲总是在作者学会某些东西后就退后了，所以当作者学会游泳时，作者的父亲在作者完成第一圈后就走开了。13A.held BfixedCtouched Dtested解析：选A根据下句中的“let go”可知，父亲一直抓着自行车车座，直到作者做好准备。14A.relaxed BfortableCready Dcareful解析：选C参见上题解析。15A.telling BallowingCcontrolling Drealizing解析：选D父亲在作者后边，所以他松手时作者并不知道。16A.ideas BchancesCchildren Dfriends解析：选C根据下文中的“as a father”可知，后来，作者也有了自己的孩子。17A.raise BbelieveChelp Dencourage解析：选A作者有了自己的孩子，父亲告诉他在他看来，他应该如何去教养他们。18A.opinion BdecisionCconcern Dhope解析：选B根据本空前的“back away”可知，父亲又退后一步说，如何教养他们是作者自己的事。19A.until Bthough Cbecause Dbefore解析：选D根据上句作者的角色判断，在父亲去世之前，作者已经做了丈夫、父亲、伯伯和爷爷。20A.requested BtaughtCforced Dcaused解析：选B根据上文父亲养育作者的过程和方式可知，父亲教会了他如何去做一个像他那样优秀的人。
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