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选修6U18一、阅读理解AScientists in Britain have managed to teach bumblebees(大黄蜂) to pull strings to get to food and then pass on what they have learned to others in their colony(群体)showing a high level of intelligence despite their tiny brains.Researchers at Queen Mary University of London said the experiments, often used to test the intelligence of apes (猿) and birds, showed for the first time that some insects are up to the task, and can also pass skills on through several generations.The findings add to the evidence suggesting the ability for culture spread the ability to learn and pass on knowledge and skills may not be exclusive to humans.In the research, published in the journal PLOS Biology on Tuesday, the scientists were able to train 23 out of a group of 40 bees to pull strings with their legs and feet.The strings were attached to discs or artificial flowers containing food at their center but placed under a transparent screen. The bees, spotting the food beneath the screen, learned to pull the flowers out by pulling the string with their legs and feet to be able to get to it.From another group of bees given the chance to solve the task without any training, only two of 110 were successful.Another group of bees was then allowed to observe the trained bees pulling the strings, and 60 percent of them successfully learned the skill. Finally, trained bees were put in colonies, and the scientists found the technique spread successfully to a majority of the colonys worker bees.Lars Chittka, a Queen Mary University professor who guided the project, said the team is interested in figuring out the brain processes behind the bees learning and teaching skills.1.What does the underlined word exclusive in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A. Ordinary. B. Unique. C. Beneficial. D. Widespread.2.What did the researchers find about bees?A. Bees learn best in insects.B. Bees are as clever as birds.C. Bees are born good learners.D. Bees can be trained to learn skills.3.What may the research team focus on next?A. What else bees can do. B. Where bees learn skills.C. How bees teach others. D. How bees brain work.4.What may be the best title for the text?A. Small bees, great abilities B. Bees can learn and teachC. Bees are smarter D. Let bees learn【文章大意】本文为说明文，属于科普类文章。介绍了大黄蜂有学习能力，还会传播自己学到的知识。1.B 【解析】猜测词义题。依据第二段可知，大黄蜂也具有学习并传播所学知识的能力，结合第三段本句话可知，这种能力并非人类独有的，故选B项。2.D 【解析】细节理解题。根据第三、四、五、六、七段可知，蜜蜂可以被训练学习技能。D项正确。4.B 【解析】主旨大意题。综合全文尤其第一段可知，文章主要介绍一项科学发现，大黄蜂也可以学习并传播所学技能，故选B项。B(2017内蒙古四校能力测试)In Washington, Virginia and Maryland, the final months of the year have many festivals.Whether youre into a theater environment, medieval(中世纪) times or a book festival, theres an event for you.Maryland Renaissance FestivalThe festival features 12 stages and hundreds of costumed actors offering entertainment such as music and theater performances, sword swallowing and a human chess match.Temple Hall Corn Maize and Fall Festival in VirginiaThe 286acre farm offers a lot of familyfriendly entertainment, including pig races, farm animals and camel rides.Grab seasonal goods at the farmers market, take part in the corn harvest, and hear live bluegrass and folk music.Baltimore Book Festival in MarylandThis threeday fair features talks and book signings from more than 275 locally and nationally known authors, including Alice McDermott and Andre Dubus .The festival also includes live music and literary handson projects for kids.Kids Euro Festival in WashingtonHeres a chance to celebrate and experience European arts and culture, no passports required.Twentyeight European countries will be represented during the multicultural childrens event, which features more than 200 performances and workshops.The festival is for children aged 2 through 12, librarians and educators.Activities include puppet(木偶) shows, cooking and theater workshops.“It really brings Europe to the children，” said organizer Sandi Auman.【解题导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了华盛顿州、弗吉尼亚州和马里兰州秋季的一些节日活动。1If youre interested in dangerous performances, which festival should you go to?AMaryland Renaissance Festival.BTemple Hall Corn Maize and Fall Festival.CBaltimore Book Festival.DKids Euro Festival.A解析：细节理解题。根据Maryland Renaissance Festival中的“offering entertainment.sword swallowing.”可知答案为A。2What do the Baltimore Book Festival and the Kids Euro Festival have in mon?AThey both have wonderful theater performances.BThey both invite famous writers to give lectures.CThey both have activities intended for kids.DThey both feature European culture.C解析：细节理解题。根据Baltimore Book Festival in Maryland中的“The festival also includes live music and literary handson projects for kids.”和Kids Euro Festival in Washington中的“The festival is for children aged 2 through 12.Activities include puppet(木偶) shows, cooking and theater workshops.”可知， 这两个节日都提供了针对孩子的活动项目。3What is the purpose of this passage?ATo pare different features of some festivals.BTo introduce some festivals for people to enjoy.CTo tell people how to spend their free time.DTo explain the benefits of enjoying festivals.B解析：写作目的题。通读文章可知， 本文旨在向读者介绍几个值得一去的节日活动。故选B。COne of the main challenges facing many countries is how to maintain their identity in the face of globalization and the growing multi-language trend. One of the main reasons for economic failure in many African countries is the fact that, with a few important exceptions, mother-tongue education is not practiced in any of the independent African states. said Neville Alexander, Director of the Project for the Study of Alternative Education in South Africa at the University of Cape Town.In response to the spread of English and the increased multi-language trends arising from immigration, many countries have introduced language laws in the last decade. In some, the use of languages other than the national language is banned in public spaces such as advertising posters. One of the first such legal provisions(规定) was the 1994 Toubon law in France, and the idea has been copied in many countries since then. Such efforts to govern language use are often considered as futile by language experts, who are well aware of the difficulty in controlling fashions in speech and know from research that language switching among bilinguals is a natural process. It is especially difficult for native speakers of English to understand the desire to maintain the purity of a language by law. Since the time of Shakespeare, English has continually absorbed foreign words into its own language. English is one of the most mixed and rapidly changing languages in the world, but that has not been a barrier to acquiring superiority and power. Another reason for the failure of many native English speakers to understand the role of the state regulation is that it has never been the Anglo-Saxon way of doing things. English has never had a state-controlled authority for the language, similar, for example, to the Academic Francaise in France. The need to protect national languages is, for most western Europeans, a recent phenomenon- especially the need to ensure that English does not unnecessarily take over too many fields. Public munication, education and new ways of munication promoted by technology, may be key fields to defend.1.Neville Alexander believes that _.A. mother-tongue education is not practiced in all African countriesB. globalization has resulted in the economic failure of AfricaC. globalization has led to the rise of multi-language trendD. lack of mother-tongue education can lead to economic failure2.The underlined word futile (in paragraph 2) most probably means _.A. workable B. practical C. useless D. unnecessary3.What can we infer from the last paragraph?A. English has taken over fields like public munication and education.B. Many aspects of national culture are threatened by the spread of English.C. Most language experts believe it is important to promote a national language.D. Europeans have long realized the need to protect a national language.4.The best title for the passage is _. A. Fighting against the rule of English B. Protecting local languages and identitiesC. Globalization and multi-language trend D. To maintain the purity of language by law【文章大意】现在世界全球化导致很多国家的独特的文化收到了冲击和影响，本文讲述的正是这方面的话题。很多国家都采取了很多的措施来保护本国的文化。1.D 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第一段One of the main reasons for economic failure in many African countries is the fact that, with a few important exceptions, mother-tongue education is not practiced in any of the independent African states. said Neville Alexander可知，他认为母语教育方面的缺失会导致经济方面的失败。故D正确。2.C 【解析】词义猜测题。根据本句Such efforts to govern language use are often dismissed as futile by language experts, who are well aware of the difficulty in controlling fashions in speech and know from research that language switching among bilinguals is a natural process.可知，很多语言专家都认为管理语言使用的努力是无用的，因为这样的控制是没有什么效果的。故C正确。4.B 【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段One of the main challenges facing many countries is how to maintain their identity in the face of globalization and the growing multi-language trend.可知，现在世界全球化导致很多国家的独特的文化受到了冲击和影响，本文讲述的正是这方面的话题。故B正确。D(2017湖北七市高三联考)Books are typically written first, and then narrated(解说) for audio(声音的) books.Until now, Audible, the largest pany of audio books, has begun asking wellknown writers to create works specifically for audio, instead of inviting people to narrate already existing print books.Its a new_chapter for the book industry.Audible now has about 30 totally new audio works in production.And it turns out that audio books, which have long been regarded as less important than ebooks, have actually been doing quite well.They are a$1，000，000，000 industry, with more than 35，000 titles published in 2013 alone.What promotes that progress is not only an evolution of technology, but more importantly, the rise of the celebrity(名人) narrator.Narrators are key to the success of an audio book and these days, producers are signing on more and more celebrities.Celebrities narration is like a private performance to customers, who get a feeling of closeness in listening to their voices.Many of the customers buy audio books based on the narrator.They will listen to anything a specific actor or actress reads.That is why Audible is taking the risk of not producing print books at all but starting totally new audio works.Theres another reason why the pany is expecting its risktaking action to pay off: humans have been telling stories since the beginning of time.We are taking part in a little habit that goes back thousands and thousands of yearsbefore the first mark was ever made on a stone.Long before writing, people were telling each other stories and the audio book goes all the way back to that tradition.As Peter Allen sang softly in the 1970s, everything old is new again.【解题导语】科技进步、大公司的推动以及人们观念的更新使得有声读物从以前的不受重视到如今深受青睐。1The “new chapter” in Para.1 refers to a time of _Aproducing totally new audio worksBstarting audio paniesCnarrating print books for audioDcreating electronic booksA解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段第二句中的“Audible, the largest pany of audio books, has begun asking wellknown writers to create works specifically for audio, instead of inviting people to narrate already existing print books”可知，画线词“new chapter”指代最大的有声读物公司Audible让知名的作家创作有声读物的时期，故A项正确。2What does Paragraph 2 tell about audio books?ATheir difference from ebooks.BTheir previous production.CTheir great importance.DTheir bright future.D解析：段落大意题。根据第二段的第二句“And it turns out that audio books, which have long been regarded as less important than ebooks, have actually been doing quite well.”可知，曾被认为没有电子书重要的有声读物结果发展良好；据此可以判断，该段主要阐述了有声读物光明的发展前途，故D项正确。3Customers like celebrities narration because _Acelebrities help them understand the storiesBcelebrities have more attractive voicesCcelebrities have better narrating skillsDcelebrities seem to be within their reachD解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的第三句“Celebrities narration is like a private performance to customers, who get a feeling of closeness in listening to their voices.”可知，读者喜欢听名人解说是因为这样似乎能与名人有近距离接触，故D项正确。4Audible believes its risktaking action will be rewarding because _Athe action agrees with the storytelling traditionBcustomers play an active role in the actionCthe pany has spent a lot on the actionDthe action has lasted for a long timeA解析：细节理解题。根据第四段的第二句“Theres another reason why the pany is expecting its risktaking action to pay off: humans have been telling stories since the beginning of time.”可知，Audible公司预计这种冒险行动会获得成功是因为人们有讲故事的传统，故A项正确。二、七选五I still remember my first time going to the Chinese panys canteen. When I stepped into the elevator, each one was full of people. _1_However, there was no sign of fire and people were laughing and talking. I followed the flow of the crowd to the doors of the canteen. It occurred to me that in China everyone takes lunch at the same time. _2_ The cafeteria followed this schedule, only being open a few hours per day.When I stood in the doorway, I realized I had to act fast or I would be left behind. _3_ Everyone lines up and takes a tray, but instead of silverware, here are chopsticks and soup spoons.As I was pushed along the line, I saw dishes I didnt recognize and a few people cut in line and picked up dishes left and right _4_ I ended up going with a pork and cucumber dish and a tofu salad.I have been at my pany for over a year and a half. _5_ I have learned what dishes I like, mostly by trial and error, and a lot of the workers know me and say hello.I am still getting used to eating lunch at “lunchtime”， but I think the schedule definitely helps keep me on track during the day. I wish there was something like this at offices in my hometown.AI thought I had missed a fire drill.BThere was no emergency, it was just lunchtime.CI noticed things at lunchtime were a bit different.DI felt that I needed to make some quick decisions.EThe canteen reminded me of my school lunchroom.FAnd now I am glad to say I am more confident in the canteen.GI was not very familiar with the local food or restaurants in China.【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了在中国，“我”在公司餐厅吃午饭的所见和所感。1A根据空处后一句“However, there was no sign of fire and people were laughing and talking”可知，没有着火的迹象，人们在高声谈笑；A项中的“fire”和该句对应，说明“我”看到许多人在电梯里时的想法：人很多，跟消防演习一样。故A项正确。2B根据空处前一句“It occurred to me that in China everyone takes lunch at the same time”可知“我”想起了每个中国人都是在同一时间段吃午饭；据此可推断，“我”意识到没有紧急情况发生，只是到了吃午饭的时间，故B项正确。3E根据空处后一句“Everyone lines up and takes a tray, but instead of silverware, here are chopsticks and soup spoons”可知，每个人都排着队，拿着托盘，但是在这里人们拿着筷子和汤勺等着打饭菜，而不是刀子和叉子；据此可以判断，公司的餐厅使“我”想起了“我”学校的餐厅，故E项正确。4D根据空处后一句“I ended up going with a pork and cucumber dish and a tofu salad”可知，最后，“我”去吃了猪肉、黄瓜和豆腐。据此可推知，“我”快速地做出了吃什么菜的决定，故D项正确。5F根据空处后一句“I have learned what dishes I like, mostly by trial and error, and a lot of the workers know me and say hello”可知，通过反复品尝，“我”知道了“我”喜欢吃什么菜，很多工人认识“我”并和“我”打招呼；据此可推断，“我”现在在餐厅感到很自信，故F项正确。
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