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Unit 5Nelson Mandelaa modern hero【短文语法填空】Sending gifts varies greatly from country to country.In Australia, Canada, the United States 1. European countries，sending gifts is rarely expected. While seen as a nice gesture，it is more important to avoid 2. (give) highly personal gifts such as clothing.When visiting the home of a colleague from one of these 3. ( country)，it is normally appropriate to bring a gift to the hostess.In America, 4. (expense)gifts are definitely out.A good 5. (choose) is to take the deserving person to dinner，or to 6. entertainment or a sporting event. 7. the contrary，gift giving is a traditional custom in Japan.In Japan the proper gift is thought 8. (express)the givers true friendship，gratitude and respect far 9. (well) than words can.So if you plan to visit Japan or to have any Japanese visit you here，be prepared.Australia is known for its friendliness and informality.So modest gifts，such as a diary，a paperweight，or a coffee cup might 10. (present)to a friend.At a trade show，Tshirts，ties，baseball caps，or a pin may be appropriate souvenirs.Anything more than these types of gifts could cause embarrassment.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了美国、日本、澳大利亚等国不同的送礼物习惯。1and考查连词。根据空前的“Australia，Canada，the United States”和空后的“European countries”可知，空处前后为并列关系，故用并列连词and。2giving考查动名词。avoid doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“避免做某事”，故填giving。3countries考查名词的数。根据空前的these可知，可数名词country应当用复数形式。4expensive考查形容词。空处修饰后面的名词gifts，故用形容词形式。5choice考查名词。根据空前的形容词good和不定冠词A可以判断，空处应用名词的单数形式。6an考查不定冠词。该处泛指“一次娱乐活动”，entertainment的读音以元音音素开头，故用an。7On考查固定搭配。on the contrary为固定搭配，意为“与此相反”。8to express考查动词不定式。此处表示“在日本，恰当的礼物被认为表达了送礼物者真正的友谊”。be thought to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“被认为做了某事”，故用动词不定式。9better考查比较级。根据空后的than可知，该处用well的比较级。10be presented考查被动语态。该句主语modest gifts和动词present之间是被动关系，故用被动语态。devote vt.(与to连用) 献身；专心于(1)devote oneself to sth./doing sth.献身于；致力于devote ones life/time/money/energy to sth./doing sth.把某人的一生/时间/金钱/精力奉献于(2)devoted adj.忠实的；深爱的be devoted to sth./doing sth.专心于；奉献于(3)devotion n关爱；关照；奉献；忠诚(教材原句)A great person is someone who devotes his/her life to helping others.一个伟人是一个致力于帮助别人的人。(2016北京卷)Neighbors devoted (devote) their spare time to helping (help) others rebuild.邻居们都把他们的业余时间花在了帮助别人重建家园上了。Mrs.White，a devoted (devote) friend of mine，devoted (devote) herself to teaching (teach) and her devotion (devote) to children made us vote for her.怀特夫人，我的一位忠实的朋友，献身于教学，她对孩子们的关爱使我们投票选了她。在短语devote.to.中to为介词，其后接名词或动名词。填一填根据提示写出下面带介词to的动词短语pay_attention_to 注意be/get/bee/grow_used_(accustomed)_to 习惯于stick_to 坚持get_down_to 开始着手(做某事)object_to 反对adapt_(oneself)_to 适应look_forward_to 期盼lead_to 导致equal adj.相等的；平等的；胜任的vt.等于；比得上n.同等的人；相等物(1)be equal to sth./doing sth.等于/胜任做某事(2)A equals B in.A在方面比得上B/与B相匹敌(3)without equal/have no equal无与伦比(4)equality n平等equally adv.相等地；同等地；均等地；同样地(教材原句)But I was happy to help because I knew it would help us achieve our dream of making black and white people equal.但是，我乐于帮忙，因为我知道，这可以帮助我们实现黑人和白人平等的梦想。(2016北京卷)Learning to deal with the social world is equally (equal) important.学会处理社交世界也是同等重要的。We Chinese people have persistently urged the equality (equal) of nations，big or small.我们中国一贯主张国家无论大小一律平等。单句语法填空(2017天津卷)It will put fully driverless cars on an equal (equality) legal footing to human drivers, he says.它将充分地把无人驾驶的汽车与有人驾驶的汽车置于平等的法律基础之上。reward n& vt.报酬；奖赏；酬劳；奖金(1)as a reward for 作为(对某事的)报酬/奖赏give/offer a reward to sb.for sth.为某事而给某人报酬in reward for 为酬谢；作为奖励(2)reward sb.with sth.for sth.为某事而用酬谢某人reward sb.for sth/doing sth 为酬谢某人(教材原句)They said that the job and the pay from the new South African government were my reward after working all my life for equal rights for the Blacks.他们说来自新南非政府的那份工作和薪水是对我一生为黑人的平等权利而奋斗的回报。I dont expect anything in_reward.我不指望得到任何酬谢。We would like to_reward (reward) you with a free seat in first class.我们愿意奖励您免费乘坐头等舱的座位award/reward名词动词award奖品，奖金，与prize用法相似意为“授予、颁发”，常用搭配：award sb.sth.award sth.to sb.reward报酬、奖金或一些非金钱类的报酬多指因对方的工作、服务、帮助而给予的报酬或奖赏，常用搭配：reward sb.for(doing)sth.Tu Youyou was one of three scientists awarded (award) the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.They were_rewarded (reward) with the prize of 8 million Swedish crowns($960,000)中国药理学家屠呦呦和其他两位科学家共获2015年度诺贝尔生理医学奖这一殊荣。并授予他们8百万瑞典克朗(相当于96万美元)。”单句语法填空(2017江苏卷)In addition，the team set up a separate experiment that suggested that the baby birds that most closely imitated their moms voice were_rewarded (reward) with the most food.【七选五】Youre growing up.That means youre probably experiencing lots of changes，all at once.Your body is changing.It might even seem as if your entire self is changing.It can be confusing and even scary. 1 And its good!Growing up means that you can do more，learn more，and start to make your mark on the world.In order for that to happen, your body produces chemicals called hormones that help both body and mind grow.Hormone levels change constantly，rising and falling. 2 But its partly to blame for intense emotions，surprising reactions，and mood swings.Because of the way your brain develops，it is somewhat ruled by emotions now and through your teen years.As a result, growing up can seem like an emotional roller coaster！ 3 Take care of yourself.If you eat right，sleep enough，and get good exercise，your brain will be much more able to deal with the stress. 4 When you feel your moods swinging or youre upset，or confused，some quiet time will allow you to gather your thoughts and get calmer. Practice relaxing your body and deep breathing when you wake up and when you go to bed. 5 Plus，when stuff happens during the day，youll be able to calm yourself quickly with a deep breath or two before you react.Your body is changing.ATake a timeout.BBut the truth is，it happens to every teen.CWork out regularly to keep physically fit.DThis changing is needed for your bodys development.EIt will help you fall asleepand start the morning right.FHere are a few things you can do to make the ride smoother.GUsually，these feelings settle down when you realize what is going on.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了青少年如何应对成长过程中的一些变化。1B由空前的“confusing and even scary”和空后的“good”可知，空处在这里起承上启下的作用，所以选B项。2D由空前一句可知，荷尔蒙的水平一直在不断地改变，忽高忽低；D项中的“This changing”与空前的“change”相对应，所以选D项。3F空前的“an emotional roller coaster”与F项中的“make the ride smoother”相对应，且由下文列举的几个要点可知，F项符合文意。4A由本段中的“一些安静的时间将使你集中精神，安静下来”可知，A项正确。5E空前的“Practice relaxing your body and deep breathing”与E项中的“It”对应，空前的“when you wake up”与E项的“start the morning right”对应；空前的“when you go to bed”与E项的“fall asleep”对应。所以选E项。in trouble 在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中(表状态)ask/look for trouble 找麻烦；自讨苦吃take trouble to do sth.费力/不辞辛苦地做某事(在trouble前可根据语境加上a lot of/a little/great等)make trouble 闹事；捣乱get into/out of trouble 陷入/摆脱困境(表动作)have trouble with sth./(in)doing sth.做某事有麻烦put sb.to the trouble of doing sth.给某人添麻烦做某事(教材原句)Elias went to see Nelson Mandela when he was in trouble.伊莱亚斯在有麻烦时去见纳尔逊曼德拉。Again they got into_trouble.他们再次碰到了麻烦。You cant imagine the trouble/difficulty I had (in)persuading (persuade) him to change his mind.你无法想象我说服他改变主意有多么困难。turn to 求助于；致力于；翻到(书的某页)；查阅；转向turn away 拒绝(某人)进入；走开；转过脸去turn down 拒绝；调小turn in 上交turn off/on 关掉/打开turn out 驱逐；把赶走；证明是，结果是turn up 露面，出现；开大turn over 翻身，翻过(一页书)；移交(教材原句)Why did Nelson Mandela turn to violence to make black and white people equal?为什么曼德拉使用暴力以使黑人和白人平等呢？(2015湖北卷)Dont worry.Im sure your missing glasses will turn_up sooner or later.别担心。我相信你丢失的眼镜迟早会出现的。语境填词The party was almost over，but Jane still didnt turn_up (到场)Tom was very disappointed.He didnt know why Jane didnt turn_down (拒绝) his invitation if she didnt want to e.He turned_over (打翻) the bottles on the tables，and the rest guests left the hall in shock.Tom turned_off (关闭) all the lights in the hall，turning the hall into (变成) a world of darkness.No one could imagine how upset he was!set up 设立；建立 set aside 把放在一边；省出；留出set down 写下；记下set off 出发；动身；使爆炸set out 出发；动身；开始；着手set an example to sb.为某人树立榜样set sth.apart(for sth.)留出；拨出(专用) 开始做某事；着手做某事The Voice of China has_set (set) up a stage where some people can achieve their dreams.中国好声音搭建了一个舞台，在这里一些人可以实现梦想。The play is_set (set) in a small Midwestern town.这出戏以中西部的一个小镇为背景。I should set down what happened regularly day by day.我应按部就班地一天天接着写下去。【短文改错】I still remember the first day I e to this new school.Everything was new to me，what made me realize I was no longer a small child.I had to depend on me.Luckily，I made several good friend.Their interests were similar with mine.I had great English teacher，Maggie. She let me know the important of English.So I decided to learn English hardly.Although it was very difficult at first，but with the help of my teacher，I made rapidly progress.Just as the old saying goes，“Where there is a will，there is a way.”【答案】I still remember the first day I to this new school.Everything was new to me， made me realize I was no longer a small child.I had to depend on .Luckily，I made several good .Their interests were similar mine.I had great English teacher，Maggie.She let me know the of English.So I decided to learn English .Although it was very difficult at first， with the help of my teacher，I made progress.Just as the old saying goes，“Where there is a will，there is a way.”第一处：ecame。考查时态。本句话叙述我第一次来到这所学校的情景，应该用一般过去时。第二处：whatwhich。考查关系代词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面的句子“Everything was new to me”。第三处：memyself。考查代词。句意：我不得不依靠我自己。当主语和宾语指的是同一个人的时候，宾语要用反身代词。第四处：friendfriends。考查名词的数。由前面的several(几个)可知，此处应用名词的复数形式。第五处：withto。考查固定搭配。be similar to.意为“与相似”，为固定搭配。第六处：great前加a。考查冠词。句意：我有一位了不起的英语老师Maggie。此处表泛指，应用不定冠词。第七处：importantimportance。考查名词。句意：她让我认识到英语的重要性。由定冠词the可知，此处应用名词。第八处：hardlyhard。考查副词。句意：因此我决定努力学习英语。hard意为“努力地”，hardly意为“几乎不”。根据句意可知，应用hard。第九处：删除but。考查连词。although意为“尽管”，不与but连用，因此删除but。第十处：rapidlyrapid。考查形容词。修饰名词应用形容词，因此将rapidly改为rapid。.only_then_did we decide to answer violence with violence.只有到那个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。only放在句首修饰状语(通常是副词、介词短语或状语从句等)时，句子需要部分倒装。(2015天津卷)Only when Lily walked (walk) into the office did (do) she realize that she had left the contract at home.只有当莉莉走进办公室的时候，她才意识到她把合同忘家里了。(2015湖南卷)Only after talking (talk) to two students did (do) I discover that having strong motivation is one of the biggest factors in reaching goals.在和两个学生交谈后我才意识到拥有强烈的动机是达到目标的最大因素Only then did (do) I realize the importance of health.直到那时我才认识到健康的重要性。only放在句首修饰主语时不用倒装。Only some people are (be) against the new“twochild policy”只有部分人反对中国的新二孩政策。I felt bad the_first_time I talked to a group.第一次给旅行团作讲解时，我的心情很不好。句中的the first time用作连词，用来引导时间状语从句，意为“第一次”。名词短语作连词，引导时间状语从句的有：(1)as soon as 一就(2)(3)有些副词也可充当连词，引导时间状语从句，如：instantly，immediately，directly等，都相当于as soon as。He started the instant/minute/moment he heard the report.他一听到报告就动身了。He paid back the money he owed us immediately/instantly/directly he returned home.他一回到家就把欠我们的钱还上了。Each time he came to our city，he would call on me.他每次来我们城市，总会来看我。The_next time you e here，call me to meet you at the airport.下次再来时打电话，我去机场接你。【阅读理解】He was there every morning, sitting motionless on the front steps of his house. In the morning light, I could see the shadows that were etched(蚀刻)deep within the lines surrounding his eyes.Each morning I walked this route with my daughter to her kindergarten class. We were new to the neighborhood so that I didnt know many of my neighbors. On one beautiful autumn morning, as we passed his house, my daughter called out to him, “Hi, Mr. Man!” Always the outgoing child, I wasnt surprised at her enthusiasm. But her cheerfulness soon faded when the man didnt look at her and say “Hi” back.As we continued on our walk to school, my daughter asked why the man didnt want to say hi to her. Because I didnt have an answer, I said simply, “Maybe he is having a bad day.” later I knew that Bob lost his wife in a car accident.A few days later, as we approached Bobs house on our way to school, my daughter called out “Hi Mr. Man!” and as usual, he didnt respond. But then she ran onto his front lawn and picked up a beautiful red autumn leaf. She continued up one step and handed it to him. I held my breath.As she skipped back to me, she said, “See you tomorrow, Mr. Man!” This time, he acknowledged her. In a soft gentle voice, he thanked her and said, “See you tomorrow.”From then on, Bob and my daughter exchanged greeting each morning. Our friendship with Bob continued for many years. But, the sweetest day is when Bob attended my daughters high school graduation. Bob gave my daughter a gift-a book on identifying various plants and trees. There, tucked in the pages that described an oak tree, was the leaf my daughter had given to Mr. Man when they first met. He had dried and pressed it and kept it all those years.1.What puzzled the girl?A. The cause of the mans sadnessB. The shadows in the mans eyesC. The mans sitting still on the stepsD. The mans not answering her greeting2.How did the author feel when his daughter gave the red leaf to the man?A. ProudB. NervousC. EmbarrassedD. fortable3.Why did Bob keep that little red leaf?A. It was a care from a girlB. It was a symbol of enthusiasmC. It was a reminder of his painful daysD. It represented the knowledge of trees4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A.A Simple Red LeafB.A Strange NeighborC. An Unusual FriendD.A Greeting From A girl【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。每天上学的路上，我和女儿总会遇见一位男士，女儿总会给他打招呼，但没有得到答复，有一天当女儿给他摘一片红色的树叶的时候，再次打招呼的时候，这次得到了答复。多年后在女儿毕业的时候，这位男士送给女儿一本书，上面印有各种各样的植物和树，还有女儿曾经送给他的那片树叶，在那片树叶里包含着那位男士痛苦的过去。1.D 【解析】细节理解题。根据文中But her cheerfulness soon faded when the man didnt look at her and say “Hi” back.及As we continued on our walk to school, my daughter asked why the man didnt want to say hi to her. Because I didnt have an answer,的提示可知令那位女孩困惑的是那位男士没有回答她的问候，故选D。3.A 【解析】推理判断题。根据文中later I knew that Bob lost his wife in a car accident.的描述可知当时Bob刚刚失去自己的妻子，而女儿的行为让他很感动，所以保存下来这片红色的叶子，从而当作对自己痛苦时光的回忆，故选A。4.A 【解析】主旨大意题。根据文中的描述可知这片红色的叶子一直贯穿全文，就是因为它才使故事得以发展，因此，一片红色的叶子就是该文的主旨，故选A。
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