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1.5 Nelson Mandela-a modern hero单元知识预览项目单词及其词性变化（语法填空必备）重点单词1quality n质量；品质；性质2active adj.积极的；活跃的actively adv.积极地activity n活动3devote vt.(与to连用)献身；专心于devoted adj.忠实的，深爱的devotion n奉献4found vt.建立；建设5principle n法则；原则；原理6peaceful adj.和平的；平静的；安宁的peace n和平7legal adj.法律的；依照法律的illegal(反义词)8hopeful adj.怀有希望的；有希望的hopeless(反义词)hope n. & v希望9youth n青年；青年时期10vote vt. & vi.投票；选举 n投票；选票；表决11attack vt.进攻；攻击；抨击12violence n暴力；暴行violent adj.猛烈的，凶暴的13equal adj.相等的，平等的equally adv.相等地equality n同等，平等14willing adj.乐意的；自愿的15escape vi.逃脱；逃走；泄露16educate vt.教育；训练educated adj.受过教育的；有教养的education n教育17beg vi. & vt.请求；乞求18relative n亲戚；亲属relation n关系relationship n关系19terror n恐怖；可怕的人；恐怖时期；恐怖活动terrorism n恐怖主义terrorist n恐怖分子20reward n报酬；奖金 vt.酬劳；奖赏21opinion n意见；看法；主张重点短语1out of work 失业 2as a matter of fact 事实上3in trouble 在危险/受罚/痛苦处境中 4turn to 求助于；致力于5lose heart 丧失信心 6e to power 当权；上台7set up 设立；建立 8be sentenced to 被判处(徒刑)9worry about 担心 10be put into prison 被关进监狱11blow up 使充气；爆炸 12fight against 对而战13go against the law 违反法律 14be willing to do sth. 乐于干15be active in sth. 积极从事经典句型（高考书面表达必备）1The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺了我们的权利，阻挡了我们的进步，一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。2.only then did we decide to answer violence with violence. 直到那时我们才决定以暴还暴。3I felt bad the first time I talked to a group. 第一次给旅行团作讲解时，我的心情很不好。必备语法（高级句型）名词性从句晨读范文背诵2018浙江卷6月考假定你是李华,你校英语协会招聘志愿者,接待来访的国外中学生。请你写信应聘,内容包括:1.口语能力;2.相关经验;3.应聘目的。注意:1.词数80左右;2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。【参考范文】Dear Sir/Madam,I am Li Hua, a Senior 3 student. Hearing that some volunteers are wanted to wele the foreign students, I am gladly writing to apply for this job.I do believe that I am very qualified for this voluntary work. The reasons are as follows. Firstly, I have a good knowledge of English and I can municate with native English speakers fluently. Secondly, I have some experience in acpanying foreign friends.I do believe the volunteer work will enable me to practise English more fluently and broaden my horizons.Looking forward to your early reply!Yours,Li Hua语言知识精析重点单词精讲考点- 1quality【教材原句】And what qualities does a great person have?一个伟人应该具有哪些品质？【例句研读】(1)He has a watch of good quality.他有只_的手表。 (1)质量好(2)One quality of wood is that it can burn.木材的一个_是可以燃烧。(2)特性(3)Its cheaper to buy goods in large quantities.购物的_就便宜一些。(3)量大【拓展归纳】quality n. 质量；品质；性质，特征 quantity n. 数量be of good/bad quality 好/坏的品质 be of high/poor quality 优/劣质extra fine quality 特等 firstrate quality 一等【即时巩固】1.Patience is an important _ of a happy and rewarding life. After all, some things are worth waiting for.AlessonBexperienceCpurposeDquality【答案】D【解析】lesson教训； experience经历； purpose目的； quality品质，特性。根据句意可知，耐心应是一种品质。2.We all agree that the products of this factory are of better _.AqualityBquantityCprincipalDidentity考点-2 devote【教材原句】A great person is someone who devotes his/her life to helping others.伟人是把一生致力于帮助别人的人。【例句研读】(1)She devoted her lifetime to helping homeless children.她_无家可归的孩子。(2)His whole life has been devoted to studying the origin of cancer.他的一生都_对癌症起因的研究。(3)After he graduated, he continued to devote himself to research.毕业之后他继续_研究工作。【答案】 (1)把一生用来帮助(2)献给了(3)致力于【拓展归纳】devote vt. (与 to 连用)献身；专心于 devoted adj. 热爱的；忠诚的devoteoneselftime ones life moneyenergyto sth.把用在，doing sth. 把献给sb. be devoted to 专心致志于；忠于；很喜欢 a devoted friend 一位忠实的朋友【即时巩固】1.We should _ ourselves assiduously and faithfully to the duties of our profession.AdevoteBspendCofferDprovide【答案】A【解析】devoteto 为习惯用语，意为“把献给；把专用于”。句意为“我们应当勤奋地而且忠诚地献身于我们的职责。”2._ to his work resulted in his great success.ADevotingBBeingdevotedCDevotedDTodevote【答案】B考点-3Escape【教材原句】It was a prison from which no one escaped.那是一座任何人也逃不出去的监狱。【例句研读】(1)The bird has escaped from its cage.小鸟_已了。 (1)从笼中逃掉(2)Is the gas escaping somewhere?是不是有地方_？ (2)漏气(3)How can we escape observation / being observed？我们怎样才不会_？ (3)被人发现(4)His name escapes me for the moment.我一时_他的名字来。 (4)想不起【拓展归纳】escape vi. 逃脱；逃走vt. 避免；免除 n逃跑；逸出；出口escape from 从逃脱，逃走 escapen./doing sth. 避免(做)某事a narrow/near escape死里逃生 fire escape太平梯，安全梯；安全出口【即时巩固】1.How did your father deal with you?We were lucky to _ being punished.AadmitBescapeCconsiderDstop【答案】B【解析】词义辨析，admit承认容许;escape 逃跑；consider 考虑；stop停止，根据题意，你父亲怎么处理你们了？我们很幸运能逃脱惩罚。选B。2.Mark often attempts toescape_ whenever he breaks traffic regulations.Ahaving been finedBbeing finedCto have been finedDto be fined【答案】B【解析】考察escape的用法。escape doing sth 逃脱、避免干某事。句意为马克经常试图逃脱罚款，每当他违反交通规则的时候。考点-4 equal【教材原句】But I was happy to help because I knew it would help us achieve our dream of making black and white people equal.但是，我乐于帮忙，因为我知道，这是为了实现我们的黑人和白人平等的梦想。【例句研读】(1)He equals me in strength but not in intelligence.他和我力气_，但智力不同。 (1)相当(2)Are men equal to women in physical strength？在体力上男人和女人_吗？ (2)相同(3)She did not feel equal to receiving visitors.她觉得自己_接待来客。 (3)不适合(4)Yao Ming is a basketball player without equal in China.在中国，姚明是个_的篮球运动员。(4)无与伦比【拓展归纳】equal vt. 等于；抵得上adj. 相等的；胜任的n. 同等/相等的人或物equality n. 平等 A equals B in.A在方面比得上Bbe equal ton./doing sth. 等于；与相等；有的能力(勇气、力量等)；胜任，能干be without equal/have no equal 无与伦比【即时巩固】1.Over years, Chinas Womens Table Tennis Team is an excellent group. Now no team can_it, whether in spirit or in strategy and skills.AbeatBpareCequal Dwin【答案】C2._, a man who expresses himself effectively is sure to succeed more rapidly than a man whose mand of English is poor.AOther things beingequal BOther things beequalCTo beequalto other thingsDOther things to beequal【答案】A【解析】考查独立主格结构。Other things与being equal为主动。句意：在其它条件相同的情况下，一个能有效地表达自己的人比一个语言表达能力差的人更容易获得成功。考点-5 reward n. 报酬；奖金；vt. 酬劳，奖赏【教材原句】They said that the job and the pay from the new South African government were my reward after working all my life for equal rights for the Blacks.他们说，从南非新政府得到的这份工作和薪饷，是我毕生为争取黑人的平等权利而斗争所得到的回报。【例句研读】(1)Its a reward for virtue.那是对美德的_。 (1)回报(2)I dont expect anything in reward； I did it because I enjoyed it.我不指望得到什么_，我做这件事只是因为我喜欢干。(2)报答(3)They rewarded the boy with 5 for bringing back the lost dog.他们给了那个男孩五英镑，他把走失的狗送回来。(3)酬谢【拓展归纳】reward n. 报酬；奖金；vt. 酬劳，奖赏 rewarding adj. 报答的，有益的，值得的as a reward for 作为(对某事的)报酬/奖赏 in reward of 为酬谢；作为奖励reward sb. for sth./doing sth. 为(做)某事而报答某人 reward sb. with sth. 用某物奖赏某人【即时巩固】1The police are offering a _to anyone who can give information about the lost key.A priceBprizeCrewardDmoney【答案】C2._his contribution to botany, Joseph Banks had a flower _him.AAs arewardfor; named afterBAs areward; namedCAs arewardfor; name afterDRewardfor; take its name from【答案】A【解析】考查短语：As a reward for 因什么作为回报，named after 以什么命名，句意：因他对植物学的贡献作为回报，Joseph Banks让一种花一他的名字命名。故选A。重点短语精讲考点-1 out of work 失业【教材原句】Sadly I did not have it because I was not born there, and I worried about whether I would bee out of work.糟糕的是我没有这个证件，因为我不是在那里出生的，我很担心我是不是会失业。【例句研读】(1) Out of sight, out of mind. 谚_，心不念。(离久情疏。) (1)眼不见(2)Hes been out of work for six months.他已经_六个月了。 (2)失业(3)It is out of question that he will be admitted into key universities.他能考上重点大学是_的。(3)不成问题【拓展归纳】out of work 失业 out of business 破产；歇业out of control 失控 out of repair 失修out of order 有毛病 out of date 过时out of ones reach 够不着 out of danger 脱险out of question 毫无疑问 out of the question 不可能的out of patience 失去耐心 out of temper 发脾气out of mind 心不在焉【即时巩固】1.What do you think I should do?I think youd better pay a visit to him_.Aout of workBout of sightCout of respectDout of shape【答案】C2. The place is so pretty and relaxed that its really _！A.out of work B.out of sight C. out of this world D.out of shape【答案】C【解析】句意：那儿的环境非常漂亮和轻松。这实在是绝好的享受。world这个字的意思是“世界”。Out of this world 并不是在这个世界以外的意思。这是一个习惯用语，它的意思是：令人激动，精彩极了，绝妙的，特别是在形容音乐、电影的时候可以用这个常用语。你也可以用 out of this world来形容一顿非常精美的晚餐。男女之间也可以用这一习惯用语来形容对方。3.Children are likely to get _ if no one cares about their upbringing.Aout of handBout of orderCout of placeDout of work【答案】A考点-2 turn to【教材原句】Why did Nelson Mandela turn to violence to make black and white people equal?【例句研读】(1)Nobody seems to understand. I dont know who to turn to.似乎没人懂这个，我不知道该向谁_。(1)求助(2)Paul turned to drinking alcohol to try to forget his problems at work.保罗_，想忘掉工作中的问题。(2)借酒消愁【拓展归纳】turn to求助于；致力于 turn away拒绝，不准某人入内turn around转身 turn down拒绝；调小turn in上交 turn off关掉turn on打开 turn out赶出；证明是，结果是turn over翻身，翻转 turn up露面，出现；开大【即时巩固】根据句子的意思填空(1)The job _ than we thought.这份工作结果比我们想像的更难。(2)Why did she _ your invitation? 她为什么拒绝你的邀请？ 【答案】（1）turned out(to be) harder（2）turn down考点-3 turn to【教材原句】1952 set up law office to help poor black people in Johannesburg. . . 1952年， 在约翰内斯堡设立法律事务所来帮助贫困的黑人【例句研读】写出下列各句中set up的意思。(1)They set up a notice on the wall._(2)They set up a mittee to investigate the matter._(3)Chinese athletes set up quite a few new world records in the 15th Asian Games._【答案】(1)张贴 (2)建立 (3)创(纪录)【拓展归纳】set about 开始做，着手 set aside 使分离；留出；拔出；不理会set back 推迟，阻碍 set down 记下；写下；规定set off 引起爆炸；动身出发；引起 set out 动身出发；开始；陈述；陈列【即时巩固】1.Great changes _ in my hometown and a lot of factories _.Ahave been taken place , are beingset upBhave taken place , have beenset upCare taken place , had beenset up Dhad taken place , will beset up【答案】B2. “Have great changes taken place in your village?” “Yes, A new school was _ in the village last year.”Aheld upBset upCsent upDbrought up【答案】B。【解析】set up 意为“建立”；hold up 意为“举起，支撑，继续下去，阻挡，拦截”；send up 意为“发出，射出，长出，使上升”；bring up 意为“教育，培养，提出”。3.After graduation, she wanted to _ her own business.Aset upBturn upCfix upDmake up【答案】A考点-4 lose heart【教材原句】The scientist from whom the government heard the bad news never lost heart when he was in trouble.【例句研读】(1)It is said that the team lost the game simply because the team leader lost heart.据说这个队比赛输了就是因为队长_。(1)丧失了信心(2)Dont lose heart； all will turn out well.不要_，一切都会好起来的。 (2)失去勇气【拓展归纳】lose heart (be discouraged) 气馁；灰心；泄气lose ones heart to sth.(devote oneself to sth.) 把身心投入到 lose ones heart to sb. (fall in love with sb.)喜欢put ones heart into 把全部心思放在 have sth. in ones heart 把放在心上have ones heart in sth. 对某事有兴趣 set ones heart on/upon sth. 渴望/热衷于某事learn.by heart 记住；背诵 take heart 振作精神，鼓起勇气【即时巩固】1.Im worrying about the ing examination. Im afraid I cannot pass it._！ Im sure youll make it.AGo ahead BGood luckCNo problem DDontlose heart【答案】D【解析】选D考查情景交际。根据答语第二句“我相信你能做到”可知，第二个说话人是在鼓励对方不要丧失信心，故D项正确。Go ahead“可以，干吧”；Good luck“祝你好运”；No problem“没问题”。2.Im worrying about the ing examination.Im afraid I cannot pass it._！Im sure youll make it.AGo aheadBGood luckCNo problemDDontlose heart【答案】D考点-5 in trouble【例句研读】(1)My friends always help me out when I am in trouble (有麻烦时)(2)Dont mention my name, or youll get me into trouble (给我惹麻烦)(3)They took great trouble to find the right person. (费心地)【拓展归纳】lose heart (be discouraged) 气馁；灰心；泄气lose ones heart to sth.in trouble 处在困难/麻烦中(表状态)get (sb.) into/out of trouble 使(某人)陷入/摆脱困境(表动作)ask/look for trouble 找麻烦 make trouble 闹事；捣乱have trouble in doing sth. 做某事有麻烦 take the trouble to do sth. 不辞辛苦地做某事put sb. to the trouble of doing sth.麻烦某人做某事【即时巩固】1.Whenever you are _, dont _.Ain trouble; lose heartBin the trouble; lose heartCin trouble; lose your heartDin the trouble; lose the heart【答案】A【解析】试题分析：考查固定词组，in trouble意思“陷入困境”，lose heart意思“失去信心”，句子意思“无论你什么时候陷入困境，不要失去信心”2. When a person is _， talking with others often helps him feel better.Ain troubleBin dangerCin silenceDin charge【答案】A【解析】试题分析：句意为：当一个人不顺时，与人交流沟通可以让他心情变得更好。A.遇到麻烦 B遇到危险 C 沉默中 D 负责，主管根据句意可知：A选项符合题意经典句型剖析考点-1 where引导的定语从句【教材原句】The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺了我们的权利，阻挡了我们的进步，一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。【句法分析】句中stage是先行词，它在后面的定语从句中作地点状语，故用where引导定语从句。在英语中有一些抽象的地点经常作先行词，后面接where引导的定语从句。这样词有：stage, field, area, film, job等。【考点聚焦】考查where引导的定语从句【即时巩固】1.Did she make a mark _she found the word?AwhereBin whichCwhichDthat【答案】A2.The conflict had developed into astage_ the two countries were gathering big troops on the border.AwhereBwhenCwhichDthat【答案】A【解析】此处stage是先行词，它在定语从句中作地点状语，故用where引导定语从句。考点-2 Only位于句首强调状语成分，主句部分倒装【教材原句】.only then did we decide to answer violence with violence. 直到那时我们才决定以暴还暴。【句法分析】only 修饰的时间、条件和方式状语，为了强调而提到句首时，句子要用部分倒装形式，把原句中的情态动词、系动词或助动词提到主语前面。only 如修饰从句而提到句首，主句要部分倒装。【考点聚焦】考查only置于句首的倒装句【即时巩固】1.Only by doing what your soul is eager to do_ your life something full of beautiful memories.A. you can make B. could you make C. can you make D. you will make【答案】C. 考点：倒装句2. Only after they had discussed the matter for a few hours _ a decision. A. they reached B. did they reach C. they reach D. do they reach【答案】B【解析】试题分析：考查倒装。Only+时间状语或从句，放句首时，主句用部分倒装，A、C没倒装，排除A、C；根据had discussed可知，空白处使用过去时，排除D。故选B。考点：考查倒装3.Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months _ to begin her propjet. A. was she allowedB. she was allowed C. did she permitD. she permitted【答案】A【解析】试题分析:句意“直到她母亲在前几个月里来帮助她，她才得以开始她的研究项目。Only+状语（副词，状语从句或者介词短语）位于句首时，句子用部分倒装语序，由句意可知此处表示被动，故答案选A。考点：考查倒装句考点-3.含有the first time的句子的时态【教材原句】I felt bad the first time I talked to a group. 第一次给旅行团作讲解时，我的感觉很不好。【句法分析】the first time 相当于连词，引导一个状语从句，意为“第一次”。这类特殊短语还有：(1)each time, every time, next time, last time, any time 等也可以做连词用，表示“无论何时”“每当”“每次”等，引导一个时间状语从句。Every time we e to Beijing, we go to visit the Forbidden City. 每次我们去北京，我们都去参观故宫。I didnt have any penny last time I saw you.上次我看见你时，我身无分文。(2)immediately, directly, instantly 可活用为连词，引导时间状语从句，表示“一就”，相当于 as soon as。The young man rushed out of the hall immediately he heard the sound.那个年轻人一听到声响就冲出了大厅。(3)the moment, the minute, the second, the instant 等名词短语也可用做连词，也相当于 as soon as，表示“一就”。The moment Professor Wang appeared on the platform, the audience all stood up and clapped warmly.王教授一出现在讲台上，听众就站起来热烈鼓掌。 (4)the morning/afternoon/evening, the night, the day, the week, the year, the spring/summer/autumn/winter 等一些表示时间段的名词短语也可以引导时间状语从句。The morning Mr Smith was walking along the lake, he met an old friend.那天早晨史密斯先生在湖边散步时遇到了一位老朋友。【考点聚焦】考查含有the first time的句子的时态【即时巩固】1.It was _that Miss Wang had been to California and there she met Dr. White _, who became her husband later.Athe first time, the first timeBthe first time, for the first timeCforthe first time, for the first timeDforthe first time, the first time【答案】B2.-Is thisthe first timeyou _ Xian? - No. But _ here, the city wasnt so modern.Ahave visited;the first timeI cameBvisited;the first timeI cameChave visited; forthe first timeI cameDvisited;the first timeIve e【答案】A考点: 考查固定用法的用法。3. _ I paid a visit to this scenic spot, I was deeply attracted by its beauty.AFirstlyBForthe first timeCThe first timeDAt first【答案】C【解析】考查连词：The first time 第一次，句意：当我第一次到了这个景色圣地的时候，我深深的被它的景色吸引了。所以选C。
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