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Unit 3 Science versus nature一、阅读理解。Pollutions great effects on the environment have bee more obvious in recent years, leading to a movement to promote energy efficiency（效率）,less reliance on fossil（化石) fuels, and a reduction in air and water pollution. Most scientists agree that such changes are necessary to protect our environment from further harm.The construction industry consumes a large quantity of energy and resources and creates a huge amount of pollution. In the United States, building and development account for 39% of the countrys total energy use, 12% of total water consumption,68% of total electricity consumption and 38% of carbon dioxide emissions（二氧化碳排放）, according to the Environment Protection Agency.Green buildings use less energy, water, create less waste, and are healthier to live, work, and go to school in than standard buildings. Builders of green buildings use techniques that use resources more efficiently during the entire building cycleconstruction, restoration, operation, maintenance（维护）and demolition（拆毁）than those who construct more regular buildings.The environmental benefits of building green include the protection of ecosystems（生态系统）and biodiversity, improved air and water quality, less waste flowing into streams, and the protection of natural resources. Green buildings can also result in lower operating costs because they typically use less energy and fewer materials and improve indoor air quality, improving the health of people who live in such buildings.The process of building green includes technical and artistic planning with nature protection in mind. Building designs often reflect the surrounding environment and natural resources and use renewable building materials such as bamboo and straw. In addition, recycled resources found locally are used for green buildings, reducing the cost and air pollution associated with transporting materials over long distances.Careful site selection is important to minimize（最小化）human impact on the surrounding environment. For example, placing a structure in an area that allows it to take advantage of cool breezes（微风）and sunlight can reduce energy use and expenses. More energy and expense are needed for larger buildings as well, so it is important to build small.Green roofs are another feature of green houses that reduce energy use and cost. These roofs are partly or pletely covered with plants, which helps to keep heating and cooling costs, prevent water running off and deal with pollutants.Other features of green buildings often include energy and water conservation, recycling, and waste reduction. In addition, renewable energy sources such as solar power, hydropower（水能）and wind power are used for heat and electricity, which greatly reduces costs and decreases the impact on the environment.1.What is the text mainly about?A. The necessity of promoting energy efficiency.B. The process of building green buildings.C. The benefits and features of green buildings.D. Green buildings effects on the environment.2.According to the text, green buildings refer to the buildings that_.A. produce no wasteB. only use clean energyC. are made of recycled materialsD. use energy and resources more efficiently3.Which of the following statements is TRUE about green buildings?A. They rely on fossil fuels and solar power for heat and electricity.B. Small buildings are less efficient in energy use than larger ones.C. The ecosystem has to be considered when building a green building.D. They are difficult to maintain and thus need more operating costs.4.Why are green roofs used ?A. They fit the surrounding environment wellB. They are cheaper than other kinds of roofsC. They can keep natural water for use in everyday lifeD. They can help to control the temperature in the building well【文章大意】在本文中作者主要分析了green building的诸多好处和对环境的巨大的保护作用，呼吁人们多建设这样的绿色的建筑。1.C 【解析】主旨大意题。本文第三段中Green buildings use less energy, water, create less waste, and are healthier to live, work, or go to school in than standard buildings. Green buildings use resources more properly during the entire building cycle than traditional building.和倒数第二段第一句Green roofs are another feature of green houses that reduce energy use and cost.倒数第一段第一句Other features of green buildings often include energy and water conservation, recycling, and waste reduction.可知本文主要讲述的是Green buildings的很多的好处和特征。故C正确。3.C 【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段第一句The environmental benefits of building green include the protection of ecosystems（生态系统）and biodiversity, improved air and water quality, less waste flowing into streams, and the protection of natural resources.由此可知，建造绿色建筑时必须考虑生态系统。故选C。4.D 【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段These roofs are partly or pletely covered with plants, which helps to keep heating and cooling costs, prevent water running off and deal with pollutants.可知，他们可以帮助控制大楼里的温度。故选D。二、单项填空。1.Many farmers left their fields and went to big cities with the _ of making money to support their family.A. intention B. determination C. concern D. development【答案】A【解析】句意：为了挣钱养家糊口，很多农民离开了他们的土地去往大城市。with the intention of“为了，以为目的或意图”，符合句意。determination 决心，果断；concern 担心，关心；development发展。2.Nash won the Noble Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences for his work on game theory. His life story was_ into the movie A beautiful Mind in 2001.A. adapted B. adopted C. adjusted D. accepted【答案】A【解析】句意：纳什因其在博弈论上的贡献获得了诺贝尔经济科学纪念奖。他的人生故事在 2001 年被改编成电影美丽心灵 。adapt 改编，适应；adopt 采纳，收养；adjust 调整，调节；accept 接受。故选 A 项。3.The factory near the seaside was closed down as a(a) _ of the terribly bad management and fund shortage.A. summary B. consequence C. conclusion D. effect【答案】B【解析】句意：靠近海滨的这家工厂因为糟糕的经营管理和缺少资金而关闭。summary 概要；consequence结果 as a consequence of 表示“由于；因为” ； conclusion 结论；effect 效果， 影响。4.As China _ into a market economy, the government no longer assigned jobs, food or free housing to urbanresidents.A. transplanted B. transferred C. translated D. transformed【答案】D【解析】transplanted 移植；transferred 转移；translated 翻译；transformed 转换。句意：随着中国转换成市场经济，政府不再分配工作、食物或城市居民的免费住房。5.Further to our telephone conversation this morning, I would like to _ details of the order which wediscussed.A. expand B. confirm C. attach D. convince【答案】B【解析】 句意： 关于上午的电话交谈， 我想进一步确认我们讨论的这批订单的细节。 由句意可知， 选 confirm，意为“确认，确定，证实，批准”；expand 扩张，使膨胀，详述；attach 使依附，贴上，系上，使依恋；convince 说服，使相信。6.What do you think of the poems?They are beautiful to read but _, they are hard to understand.A. in addition B. on the other hand C. as a consequence D. in particular【答案】B【解析】根据题意“读起来很美”及“很难理解”可知选 B 项。on the other hand“另一方面”。句意： “你认为这些诗歌怎么样啊？” “它们读起来很美，但是另一方面却很难理解。 ”7.He _ his plan for dropping out of the university regardless of his parents opposition.A. pushed along B. pushed ahead with C. pushed for D. pushed forward【答案】B【解析】句意：他不顾父母的反对，毅然按照自己的计划从大学退学了。push ahead with “义无反顾地进行”，符合句意。push along 把推向前；push for 一再强烈要求；push forward 继续前进。8.Exam-takers “virtue” will be taken into _ in the future nationwide public servants exam.A. focus B. target C. consideration D. contribution【答案】C【解析】 句意： 在未来的全国公务员考试中将会考虑考试人员的“道德”因素。take.into consideration“考虑，把考虑在内”，符合句意。focus 焦点，中心；target 目标，靶子；contribution 贡献，捐献，投稿。9.I am all _ trying to find ways to save money, but we have to maintain certain standards of quality.A. in favour of B. in memory of C. in honor of D. in search of【答案】A【解析】句意：我完全赞同尽力找到省钱的方法，但是我们必须维持一定的质量标准。in favour of 赞成，支持；in memory of 为纪念；in honor of 为了对表示敬意；in search of 寻找。10.He invented a new game _ children, but it never really _.A. intended for; caught on B. intended to; counted onC. for; caught up on D. intended to; caught on【答案】A【解析】(be)intended for 为而准备；(be) intended to do sth 打算做某事；catch on 变得流行；catch up on事后得到关于的消息，赶完，对有影响；count on 指望，依靠，依赖，期望。句意：他为孩子们发明了一种新的游戏，但它从来没有真正在流行起来。11.The _ to the environment has helped many animals to escape from their enemies and fit in with thesurroundings.A. adaptation B. adoption C. recreation D. foundation【答案】A【解析】adaptation 改编，适应；adoption 收养，采纳；recreation 娱乐；foundation 基础。句意：对环境的适应帮助很多动物摆脱天敌、适应周围的环境。12.Many houses were pletely destroyed in the hurricane which struck the area last week. _, the victimshad to live in the temporary shelters offered by the Red Cross.A. As a result of B. As a consequence C. As usual D. As for【答案】B【解析】as a result of 由于的结果，of 后须接宾语；as a consequenceas a result 结果，因此；as usual跟往常一样；as for 至于。consequence 指随之而发生的结果，而 result 指最后的结果。句意：许多房屋被上周袭击这个地区的飓风给摧毁了。结果，受害者不得不住在红十字会提供的临时避难所里。13.It is important that climatefriendly technologies should be _ to developing countries to help them buildgreen economy.A. transformed B. municated C. mitted D. transferred【答案】D【解析】transfer“转移，转让，传递”，符合句意。句意：应该将一些环保型技术转让给发展中国家帮助他们建立环保型的经济，这一点很重要。transform 改变；municate 交流；mit 犯罪，承诺做。14.The spokesman _ that the president would visit China next week，which cleaned up all doubts.A. concluded B. advised C. demanded D. confirmed【答案】D【解析】confirm 确认；conclude 结束；advise 建议；demand 要求。句意：新闻发言人确认了总统将于下周访问中国，这消除了一切怀疑。故只有 D 项符合题意。15.Martys disability is “one in a million”. _,there are not many people in the world like him.A. In other words B. All in all C. For one thing D. On the other hand【答案】A【解析】句意：Marty 的障碍是“一百万分之一”。换句话说，世界上不是很多人都像他那样。in otherwords“换句话说”，符合句意。三、完形填空。Over the last 15 years, as a doctor, I have had heart-to-heart conversations with countless patients near the end of their lives. The most mon emotion they express is1. And thats2I came up with a project to encourage people to write a3to their loved ones. Its a lesson I learned years ago from a memorable4patient. He was a retired5with a cancer. Every day, his6spent many hours watching him watch television. She explained to me he had never been much of a7in their 50-plus years of marriage. But he seemed quite8to share his ideas with me, 9 when it became clear his days were10. He spoke of his deep regret for not having spent enough time with his wife, and of his great11in his son, who had joined the Navy in his fathers footsteps. One afternoon, when I mentioned these12to his wife and son, they looked disbelievingly at each other. They thanked me for being so kind but13my patient was unlikely to express such feelings. To make sure his family could hear his14, I took my video camera with me the next morning and with the patients15, recorded an open letter from him to his family. When I gave them the16letter, both his wife and son were moved to tears. The experience17my letter project, which can help people plete their life review tasks: apologizing to those we may have hurt; 18 those who have hurt us and saying “I love you”. It may take much courage to write a life review letter. For some people, it19deep and troubling emotions. 20 it may be the most important letter you will ever write. 【文章大意】 作为一名医生, 因为与无数临终的病人交谈过, 他们常表达出自己的遗憾。这激发了作者想让人们给自己爱的人写一封信的想法, 以此表达对曾经伤害过的人的歉意及原谅伤害过自己的人们。1. A. gratitudeB. regretC. apologyD. affection【解析】选 B。根据下文的内容可知在临终之前表达的都是遗憾的心情。最后一段中有提示。gratitude感激; regret后悔, 遗憾; apology 道歉; affection情感。2. A. becauseB. whyC. whenD. how【解析】选B。从语境可看出那就是我为什么(why)提出这个项目。3. A. noteB. billC. letterD. sentence【解析】选C。通过语境可知病人临终时常有遗憾, 因此作者通过这个项目来鼓励人们写信给自己所爱的人。故选 letter。4. A. dyingB. weakC. unconsciousD. silent【解析】选A。从下文可知这是从一个将要去世的人身上学到的教训。因此选项dying符合题意。weak虚弱的; unconscious 无意识的; silent沉默的。5. A. merchantB. workerC. officialD. soldier【解析】选D。从后文可知他当过海军, 因此是个士兵(soldier)。6. A. familyB. daughterC. sonD. wife【解析】选D。从下文中“in their 50-plus years of marriage. ”(在他们结婚的50多年里)可知是他的妻子(wife)。7. A. husbandB. loverC. talkerD. panion【解析】选C。上文说他妻子每天都在看他看电视, (可知他是个不健谈的人。)由此可推断出她向我解释说在他们结婚的50多年里, 他不是个健谈的人(talker)。8. A. willingB. disturbingC. embarrassedD. delighted【解析】选A。根据句意可知这个人不善言谈却愿意(willing)和“我”分享他的一些想法。disturbing烦扰的, 令人不安的; embarrassed局促不安的, 为难的, 尴尬的, 窘迫的; delighted高兴的。9. A. speciallyB. especiallyC. exactlyD. gradually【解析】选B。他看起来非常愿意和“我”分享他的想法, 尤其(especially)是他在世上的日子不多了的时候。 specially特别地, 专门地, 特意地, 格外地; especially尤其; exactly确切地; gradually慢慢地。10. A. numberedB. diedC. endedD. pleted【解析】选A。从上文可知他是个癌症患者, 所剩时日不多, 屈指可数。故用numbered。11. A. satisfactionB. prideC. concernD. plaint【解析】选B。他儿子以他为榜样参加了海军, 因此他以儿子为傲(pride)。 satisfaction 满意; concern关心; plaint抱怨; pride骄傲, 自豪。故选B。 12. A. mentsB. decisionsC. explanationsD. promises【解析】选A。当我把他的话(即评论)对他的妻子和儿子说时, 他们难以置信。ment评论; decision决定; explanation解释; promise承诺, 允诺。13. A. deniedB. disbelievedC. insistedD. realized【解析】选C。从上文可知这个病人是个不善言谈的人, 所以当他儿子和妻子听到这样的评论时难以相信, 因此他们才会感谢我并坚持(insisted)他是不可能如此表达的。deny否认; disbelieve 难以相信; realize意识到, 知道, 实现。从上文可知C符合题意。14. A. sorrowB. anxietyC. wishD. love【解析】选D。从上文的内容可知这个病人表达的是对家人的爱(love)。sorrow悲痛; anxiety 焦虑, 担心; wish 愿望; love爱。15. A. desireB. permissionC. requestD. assistance【解析】选B。第二天我带着摄像机, 经过病人的同意(permission)。 desire渴望; permission允许, 批准; request 请求; assistance帮助。从上下文可知是病人的允许。故选permission。16. A. tapedB. typedC. writtenD. unopened【解析】选A。tape录音; type打字; write 写作; unopen未打开。17. A. raisedB. inspiredC. provedD. weled【解析】选B。根据下文可知这个项目能帮助人们弥补过去的憾事, 这事激励了我。raise引起, 抱起, 提高(价格等), 养育, 筹集; inspire鼓舞, 激励, 赋予灵感, 启迪; prove证明, 证实; wele欢迎, 乐于接受。18. A. acknowledgingB. forgettingC. hurtingD. forgiving【解析】选D。向那些我们可能伤害过的人道歉; 原谅那些伤害过我们的人, 并说“我爱你”。acknowledge承认, 感谢; forget忘记; hurt伤害; forgive原谅。通过上下文可知是原谅(forgive)那些伤害过我们的人, D符合题意。19. A. calls forB. calls offC. calls inD. calls up【解析】选D。它可能唤起人们内心深处的烦恼情绪。call for要求, 需要, 提倡; call off放弃, 取消, 叫走; call in召集, 召来, 收回; call up 打电话, 召集,使想起, 唤醒。故选D。20. A. SoB. ForC. YetD. Otherwise【解析】选C。虽然能让人们想起不好的情绪但却是最重要的一封信。由此可知是转折关系。故选C。四、短文改错。One day a rich man took his son on a trip to the country in order to show his son if the poor lived，so he could be thankful to his wealth.They spent a couple of days and nights on the farm of that would be considered a very poor family.On their return back，the father asked his son to explain what he had learnt.The boy，who had remained silent and deep in thought on the journey home，replying in a way that shocked his father.The boy said he wanted to bee farmer.He envied the farmers who had the beautiful night star to give them light while her family had only expensive lanterns.His wish was to have a farm where he could go swimming in an endless river instead of the garden pool in their home.Finally the boy finished by saying，“Before the trip I thought we were rich but today I have learnt who is true rich.”With this，the boy got up and walked away，leaving his father sat on their fortable sofa，totally speechless.文章大意：一天，一位富人为了让儿子对他的财富充满“感激”，便带着儿子来到乡村去体验农民的生活，没想到结果却令富人“无语”，因为他的儿子想当农民。答案：One day a rich man took his son on a trip to the country in order to show his son the poor lived，so he could be thankful his wealth.They spent a couple of days and nights on the farm of would be considered a very poor family.On their return back，the father asked his son to explain what he had learnt.The boy，who had remained silent and deep in thought on the journey home， in a way that shocked his father.The boy said he wanted to beefarmer.He envied the farmers who had the beautiful night to give them light while family had only expensive lanterns.His wish was to have a farm where he could go swimming in an endless river instead of the garden pool in their home.Finally the boy finished by saying，“Before the trip I thought we were rich but today I have learnt who is rich.”With this，the boy got up and walked away，leaving his father on their fortable sofa，totally speechless.解析：考查句意理解以及从属连词。本句的意思是：有一天，一位富人带着他的儿子去乡村旅行以便让他的儿子看看穷人是如何生活的；此处用来引导宾语从句，意为：如何；故用how。解析：考查固定短语。be thankful to后面跟人，表示感谢某人；be thankful for后面跟事物，表示对某事物表示感谢；由于此处之后接的是wealth(财富)；故用for。解析：考查连接代词。此处用来引导宾语从句，由于该从句中缺少主语，故用连接代词what。解析：考查return的含义。由于return“返回”相当于“go back/get back/e back”，即它本身就含有back的意思，其后不能再跟back；故去掉return之后的back。解析：考查谓语动词。此处在句中作谓语，根据上文可知，此处讲述的是发生在过去某一天的事情，应使用一般过去时；故用replied。解析：考查不定冠词。此处用来修饰单数名词farmer，表示泛指一位农民，故在farmer前加a。解析：考查名词的单复数。此处指的是：许多美丽的夜星；由于star为可数名词；故用stars。解析：考查人称代词。此处用来修饰名词family，指代的是男孩的家；故用his。解析：考查副词。此处用来修饰形容词rich，故用truly。解析：考查固定搭配。leave sb doing 指让某人保持某动作或状态，留下某人；此处指的是：男孩站起来走开了，留下了他的父亲坐在他们舒适的沙发上，完全说不出话来；故用sitting。
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