2019高考英语 语法突破四大篇 第三部分 专题2 冠词讲义.doc

专题2冠词框架结构图不定冠词的核心考点1.表示数量“一”，相当于“one”。Ill return in a day or two.2.表示“同一”，相当于“the same”。The children are of an age.3.表示泛指或类指，指人或事物的某一个或某一类。He wants to be a doctor.A dog is a faithful animal.4.用于首次提到的单数可数名词前。Yesterday I bought a novel.It cost me 30 yuan.5.用于某一些表示重量、长度、时间等的单位前，表示“每一”。We have meals three times a day.6.用于专有名词前表示类似的一个或某一个，相当于“a certain”。A Mr Li is asking to see you.7.与某些物质名词或抽象名词连用，表示“一种/一类/一份/一场/一阵/”。There was a heavy rain yesterday.He gave us a big surprise.8.用于序数词前表示“又一，再一”。He wanted to try a second time.9.表示季节、月份、日期、三餐的名词前有修饰语时，前面可用不定冠词。We have a warm winter this year.This evening I had a big supper.10.用在某些固定词组中。have a swimall of a suddenonce in a while as a result (of)in a hurry as a wholeat a time定冠词的核心考点1.用于上文提到过的人或事物前。I have bought a book.The book is very useful.2.用于说话人与听话人都知道的人或事物前。Close the window，please.3.用于表示世界上独一无二的事物前，如：the sun。4.用于表示方位的名词之前，如：in the east。5.用于序数词或形容词的最高级之前，如：the first，the most interesting。6.用于“the比较级，the比较级”中，表示“越越”。The more，the better.7.用于表示两者相比“较的那个人或物”的比较级形式前。Of the two students，Mary is the cleverer.8.用于形容词之前，使其名词化，表示一类人，如：the old，the poor，the dead。9.用于由普通名词构成的专有名词(如国名、组织机构、建筑物、报纸、会议、条约等的名称)之前，如：the Great Wall，the United States等。10.用于江河、海洋、海峡、山脉、群岛等名词之前，如：the West Lake。11.用于复数姓氏之前，表示“夫妇”或“全家”，如：the Whites。12.用于作为课程或演奏等的西洋乐器名词前，如：play the piano，play the violin。13.用于表示度量单位的名词前，如：by the day。14.用于年代、朝代、时代名词前，如：in the 1970s。15.用于某些固定词组中，如：all the time，at the age of，in the end，by the way，in the form of等。零冠词的情况1.不含普通名词的专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词、人名、地名等名词前，一般不加冠词，如：China，America。2.可数名词前有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等限制时，不加冠词。Einsteins theory proved to be correct.3.季节、月份、星期、节日、假日、一日三餐名称前一般不加冠词，如：in March，on Sunday，have supper。4.称呼语前不加冠词。What shall I do next，Mother?5.表示独一无二的头衔、职务名词作表语、同位语或补足语时，一般不加冠词。6.学科名称、球类、棋类名称前不加冠词。7.复数名词表示泛指一类人或事物时，其前不加冠词。8.在与by连用的交通工具名称前不加冠词。9.连系动词turn后的表语单数可数名词前不加冠词。The young worker has turned writer.10.as引导让步状语从句时须倒装，though可以倒装也可以不倒装，其表语(单数可数名词)置于句首时不加冠词。Child as he is，he knows a lot.11.某些固定词组中不加冠词，如：husband and wife，arm in arm。注意下列词组的区别：由于受到汉语的干扰，冠词错用或遗漏是我们中国学生在写作中常见的错误类型之一。存在的误区有以下几种：1.对抽象名词具体化的应用判断失误(误)The Christmas evening party was success.(正)The Christmas evening party was asuccess.2.冠词在一些固定结构中的误用3.冠词表示类别和不用冠词时的易错点(误)In many places of China，a bicycle is still the popular means of transportation.(正)In many places of China，the bicycle is still a popular means of transportation.考向1表特指的定冠词和表泛指的不定冠词.单句语法填空1.Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over the past 25 years，while rice has increased only 7 percent.(2018全国)解析句意为：玉米产量在过去的25年里增长了近125%，而大米只增长了7%。此处特指在过去的25年里，故填the。2.This included digging up the road，laying the track and then building a strong roof over the top.(2017全国)解析此处特指“地铁的顶部”，故用定冠词the。3.Instead，she is earning 6,500 a day as a model in New York.(2017全国)解析句意为：相反，她在纽约作为一名模特每天收入6 500英镑。用不定冠词a表泛指。4.For Pahlsson，its return was a wonder.(2017浙江)解析a wonder一个奇迹。5.He owned a farm，which looked almost abandoned.(2015广东) 解析句意为：他拥有一个农场，这个农场看起来都快废弃了。a 是不定冠词，泛指“一个”，修饰可数名词单数。.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)1.During my last winter holiday，I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents.(2018全国)解析句意为：去年寒假期间，我和父亲去乡下拜访爷爷奶奶。go to the countryside去乡下，是固定搭配。2.As kid，I loved to watch cartoons.(2018全国)解析这里表示“作为一个孩子”，是泛指而非特指。故把the改为a。3.They live far from the school，and it takes them about hour and a half to go to work every day.(2017全国)解析hour是以元音音素开头的单词，前面要用不定冠词an。表示“一个小时”可以用an hour也可以用one hour。4.But in that case，we will learn little about world.(2016全国)解析此处特指我们所生活的这个世界。5.I asked Mom to stay in the sitting room and I cooked in kitchen.(2016四川)解析此处特指“我们”家的厨房。6.Now I am living in a city，but I miss my home in countryside.There the air is clean and the mountains are green.(2015全国)解析in the countryside 在乡村，特指“我”的家所处的乡下。7.There are all kinds of the flowers and trees around the classroom buildings.(2014新课标全国)解析此处为复数名词泛指一类事物，不加冠词。故删除the。考向2固定结构中的冠词.单句语法填空1.Unexpectedly，Im facetoface with the gorilla，who begins screaming at the top of her lungs.(2018全国)解析固定短语at the top of ones lungs，意为“用尽量大的声音，放声大叫”。2.As a result，people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. (2017全国)解析as a result结果，是固定搭配。3.On my recent visit，I held a lively threemonthold twin.The nursery team switches him every few days with his sister so that while one is being bottlefed，the other is with mumshe never suspects.(2016全国)解析由上文中的关键词twin，one可知这里考查one.the other.(一个另一个)的用法。故答案为the。4.Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for a while，exercising，or doing something you enjoy.(2016全国)解析让你的身体和思想休息一会儿。固定表达for a while一会儿。5.The adobe dwellings(土坯房) built by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even the most modern of architects and engineers.(2015全国)解析空格之后为形容词的最高级形式，故填定冠词。.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)1.At the first，I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by myself.(2016全国)解析at first起初，首先，为固定短语。2.Every time he arrived home at end of the day，wed greet him at the door.(2016浙江)解析at the end of在结束时，为固定搭配。3.On the right side of the class was the road.I was always interested to see the drivers in hurry in the morning.(2015浙江)解析in a hurry匆匆忙忙，为固定短语。.单句语法填空1.There is a constant beat in rap songs.The beat accounts for the popularity of rap music in clubs.2.Last weekend，I was travelling home from Bangalore.There was a distinct lack of buses，so I thought I would escape the crowd and go for refreshment.I decided to go to a hotel near the bus stand.3.The International Red Cross/Red Crescent exists to help the victims of conflicts and disasters regardless of their nationality.The symbol of the organization was originally just the red cross.4.There are lots of experiences in our lives.The most unforgettable one for me is the speech petition which was held last year.5.We have opened up a clothing shop called “Gifts of Grace” and advertised free clothing for anyone who has the need.6.Guinness World Records editor Graig Glenday says，“This is an extraordinary worldrecord attempt that shows both spiritual dedication and true passion.”7.One day in particular，a finely dressed gentleman stood outside the rich mans door and said，“Youve given me a second chance at life.With your generous gift，I was able to invest the money and pull myself out of poverty.”8.You should also be prepared to make changes in the diet and get accustomed to the local foods and the limited selection of familiar foods in the stores and restaurants.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)1.Finally，there was a sudden pull at the pole and fish was caught.2.The teacher was angry because we had same answers in the test.3.Ill take this chance to wish you wonderful time on your birthday.4.My mother is very kind and is friendly to everybody.So when I have problem I will turn to her for help.5.I still remember when I was child，you always held me in your arms and told me stories till I fell asleep.6.In the car park there Gina nearly got knocked over as car drove out far too quickly from behind a lorry.7.It is such wonderful film that we all enjoy it.8.Therefore，I told them interesting stories and how I was enjoying Brazil.As a result，nobody knew truth.I still think that it was the right thing to do.9.Many countries in the world find they dont have enough water.To deal with problem，I think，we should first go all out to plant trees because trees will help save water.10.When，however，on Monday，January 16，a science fiction film about visitors from outer space was shown on television，there was immediate increase in reports of sightings from all parts of the States.语法填空(冠词专练)I came to study in the United States 1.a year ago.Yet I did not know 2.the real American society until I was injured in a car accident because after 3.the accident I had to see a doctor and go to court.After the accident，my roommate called 4.a doctor for me.I was very thankful and decided to repay him one day.But 5.the next day，he asked me to pay him 200 for what he had done.I was astonished.He had good reasons to charge me，he said.And if I wanted to collect money from 6.the person who was responsible for my injury，Id have to have 7.a good lawyer.Now that he had helped me to find a good doctor，it was only fair that I should pay him.But every time I went to see 8.the doctor，I had to wait about 50 minutes.He would see three or four patients at 9.the same time，and often stop treating one so as to see another.Yet he charged me 115 each time.10.The final examination report only contained ten lines，but it cost me 215.