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2.2 The Olympic Games单元知识预览项目单词及其词性变化（语法填空必备）重点单词1ancient adj.古代的；古老的2pete vi.比赛；竞争petition n比赛；竞争petitive adj.有竞争性的petitor n竞争者3magical adj.巫术的；魔术的；有魔力的magic adj.魔术的；不可思议的；n.魔法，魔术magician n魔术师4volunteer n志愿者；志愿兵adj.志愿的；义务的(vt. & vi.)自愿voluntary adj.自愿的，自发的5regular adj.规则的；定期的；常规的regulation n规则，制度regulate v规定，管制，整顿6basis n. (pl. bases)基础；根据7athlete n运动员；运动选手8stadium n. (pl. stadiums or stadia)(露天大型)体育场9host vt.做东；主办；招待hoster n男主持人，男主人hostess n女主人，女主持人10responsibility n责任；职责responsible adj.有责任的，对负责的11replace vt.取代；替换；代替12charge vt. & vi.收费；控诉n.费用；主管13physical adj.物理的；身体的physics n物理physicist n物理学家physician n内科医生14advertise vt. & vi.作广告；登广告advertisement n广告advertiser n广告客户15hopeless adj.没有希望的；绝望的hope v. & n希望hopeful adj.充满希望的16bargain vi.讨价还价；讲条件 n便宜货17deserve vi. & vt.应受(报答或惩罚)；值得重点短语1take part in 参加2stand for 代表3every four years 每四年4a set of 一组；一套5be admitted to 被准许进入6play an important role in 在中起重要作用7.as well 也，又，还8in charge 主管；看管9one after another 陆续地；一个接一个地10pick up 拾起经典句型（高考书面表达必备）1I lived in what you call“Ancient Greece” and I usedto write about the Olympic Games a long time ago. 我生活在你们所说的“古希腊”，我曾经写过很久以前奥林匹克运动会的情况。2No other countries could join in, norcould slaves or women! 别的国家不能参加，奴隶和妇女也不能参加。3Theres as much petition among countries to host the Olympics as to win Olympic medals.国与国之间争取奥运举办权的竞争，就跟争夺奥运奖牌一样激烈。必备语法（高级句型）定语从句晨读范文背诵【2018云南省昆明一中高三第一次摸底】假如你是中学生李华，在上个月的英语演讲比赛准备过程中，认识了外教Mr. Smith, 并得到他的帮助。现在你给他写封信表达谢意。要点如下：1.致谢；2.获益；3.其它。注意：1.词数100左右；2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；【参考范文】Dear Mr Smith,Im LiHua, a student from Yu Cai Middle School, whom you helped in my preparation for the English Speech Contest last month. So Im writing to express my gratitude.Your classes are unforgettable, where not only could I learn more knowledge on speech but I had a lot of fun. You were always listening to my speech carefully no matter how many mistakes I made. Above all, you helped me to correct these mistakes with patience. But for your kind help, I couldnt have got the first prize. What a great influence you had on me. Im determined to work hard at my study in order to be a useful person who can make a contribution to our country and society.Yours,Li Hua 语言知识精析重点单词精讲考点1pete vi. 比赛；竞争【教材原句】How many countries peted in the ancient Olympic Games？(P9)古代奥运会有多少国家参加比赛？【例句研读】(1)Over 1 000 athletes will _ the race.将有1 000多名运动员参加赛跑。(2)The two teams _ each other _ the championship. 这两个队竞争冠军。(3)Several advertising agencies are _ the contract. 几家广告公司在竞争这份合同。(1)pete in(2)peted against； for(3)peting to get【归纳拓展】petition n. 竞争petitor n. 参赛者petitive adj. 竞争的；有竞争性的pete in 参加比赛pete to do sth. 竞争做某事pete with/against 与竞争pete for 为而竞争attend a petition 参加竞赛【即时巩固】用适当的介词填空Hes hoping to pete the English contest.We cant pete them on price.Young children will usually pete their mothers attention.【答案】 in with for考点2admit vt.&vi. (admitted; admitted) 容许；承认；接纳【教材原句】Only athletes who have reached the agreed standard for their event will be admitted as petitors.(P10)只有达到他们各自项目统一标准的运动员才会被接受参加奥运会。【例句研读】(1)You must _ the task _ difficult.你必须承认这项任务是艰巨的。(2)He _ the bicycle. 他承认偷了自行车。(3)The ticket will _ three persons _ the concert.这张票可允许三个人参加音乐会。(4)_ the plan is unreasonable.普遍认为这个计划不合理。(1)admit；to be(2)admitted stealing(3)admit；to(4)Its admitted that【归纳拓展】admitn./doing(having done)/thatclause承认某事/(已经)做了某事admit sb./sth. to be 承认某人/某物是admit sb. to/into.准许某人进入(或加入)admit of容许It is admitted that. 人们公认【即时巩固】完成句子去年他被北京大学录取。He Beijing University last year.我承认对此一无所知。I nothing about it.【答案】 was admitted into admit knowing考点3replace vt. 取代；替换；把放回原处【教材原句】So even the olive wreath has been replaced.(P10)就连橄榄枝花环都被取代了！【例句研读】Teachers will never be replaced by puters in the classroom.课堂上电脑永远不会取代老师。Can anything replace a mothers love?有什么东西能代替母爱吗？【归纳拓展】replace(take the place of) sb./sth.取代某人/某物replace sth. with/by sth. 用替换in place ofin ones place 代替take ones placetake the place of 代替【即时巩固】(1)_ the book on the shelf. 把书放回书架上。(2)I _ the old tyres _ new ones.我用新轮胎替换了旧轮胎。(3)Can anything _ a mothers love and care?有什么东西能代替母亲的爱和关心吗？(1)Replace(2)replaced with(3)replace考点4charge vt. & vi.收费；控诉；充电n费用；主管【教材原句】duty to be in charge and get in trouble if things go wrong(P12)若情况出错时，应负的责任，并会遭遇麻烦【例句研读】She charged me two dollars for fixing my iPad.她要我付两美元修理我的平板电脑。Six days later，the police arrested him and charged him with murder.警方六天以后将他逮捕，并指控他犯有谋杀罪。【归纳拓展】charge sb. with (doing) sth. 使某人承担责任；控告charge sb. money for (doing) sth. 向某人索价多少钱做什么charge a battery 给电池充电free of charge 免费sb. take charge of sth. (be in charge of)某人负责/管理某事sth. be in (under) ones charge be in (under) the charge of sb. 某事由某人负责/掌管be on charge 在充电【即时巩固】(1)How much do you _ mending a pair of shoes？你补一双鞋要多少钱？(2)Will you be _ the pany when I am away？我不在的时候你负责公司事务好吗？(3)The pany is _ Tom when the boss is away. 老板不在的时候由汤姆负责公司业务。 (4)My MP3 cant be used now, for it is _.我的MP3现在不能用，正在充电。(5)He _ murder.他被指控犯谋杀罪。【答案】(1)charge for(2)in charge of(3)in the charge of (4)being charged(5)was charged with考点5bargain vi. 议价；讨价还价；谈判 n. 成交的商品；廉价货【教材原句】Her father said that she must marry，so Atlanta made a bargain with him.(P14)她的父亲说她必须结婚，于是亚特兰大就和她的父亲达成了一个协议。【例句研读】(1)These shoes are _ at such a low price.这些鞋子价格这样低，真是便宜货。(2)He _ his wife，“You do the shopping and I will cook.”他和妻子达成协议：“你去买东西，我做饭。”(3)We _ her _ the price. 我们跟她议价。【答案】(1)a real bargain(2)made a bargain with(3)bargained with；about【归纳拓展】make a bargain with sb. 与某人达成协议bargain with sb. about sth. 与某人协商某事strike a bargain with sb. 与某人成交Its a bargin. 这可是便宜货。a bargain price (a low price) 廉价【即时巩固】完成句子1.Weve made _hell do the shopping and Ill cook.我们已经讲好了，他买东西我做饭。2.In the market they _the price of coffee.在市场上经销商正和种植者就咖啡的价格进行商谈。【答案】 1.a bargain that 2. are bargaining with growers over考点6deserve vi.&vt. 应受(报答或惩罚)；值得【教材原句】Do you think Hippomenes deserved to win the race?你认为希波墨涅斯应该赢得这场比赛吗？【例句研读】He taught us how to select seeds.他教我们怎样选种。She lets her son select his own Christmas present.她让儿子自己选择圣诞礼物。【归纳拓展】deserve consideration/attention值得考虑/注意deserve to do应该/受deserve to be donedeserve doing sth.应该/值得be deserving of值得deserved adj.应得的，该受的，理所当然的deserving adj.该奖的，值得的提示：(1)deserve 不用于进行时态。(2)deserved adj. 应得的。如：deserved punishment/reward/praise 应得的惩罚报酬/赞美。(3)deserving adj. 有功的，值得的。如：be deserving of smypathy 值得同情。【即时巩固】句型转换He deserved to be locked up forever for what he had done.He deserved forever for what he had done.I work hard and I think I deserve paying well.I work hard and I think I deserve well.【答案】 locking up to be paid考点7responsibility n责任；职责；责任心；义务【教材原句】Its a great responsibility but also a great honour to be chosen.(P10)被选中不仅要承担巨大的责任同时也享有极大的荣誉。【例句研读】Its my responsibility to take good care of my family.照顾好家庭是我的责任。Now that you are already 18 years old，you should take responsibility for what you have done.既然你已经十八岁了，你应该对你的行为负责。Parents are responsible for their childrens safety.父母应负责子女的安全。【归纳拓展】a strong sense of responsibility强烈的责任感take responsibility for sth./doing sth.对负责任responsible adj.有责任，负责be responsible for对负责(担义务)【即时巩固】One should take for what he has done.AactionB placeCresponsibilityD importance【答案】 C 重点短语精讲考点1stand for代表；象征；倡导，支持；容忍，接受【教材原句】What do the five rings on the Olympic flag stand for？(P9)奥运旗上的五环代表什么？【例句研读】This symbol stands for strength.这个符号象征着力量。We stand for peace and against war.我们主张和平，反对战争。【归纳拓展】stand for 容许；容忍(多用于否定结构)stand by 袖手旁观；站在一边，支持stand out 显眼；引人注目stand up 起立；站得住脚【即时巩固】用stand的相关短语完成句子红花衬着白雪十分醒目。Red flowers against the white snow.无论发生什么事，我都支持你。Ill you whatever happens.不同的字母代表不同的意义。Different letters different meanings.【答案】 stand out stand by stand for写出下列stand for的意思。(1)Pine trees stand for courage and strength._(2)We stand for fair petition in the Olympic Games._(3)No one can stand for the way he speaks to his mother._【答案】(1)代表，象征(2)倡导，支持(3)容忍考点2as well 也；又；还【教材原句】For each Olympics，a special village is built for them to live in，a main reception building，several stadiums for petitions，and a gymnasium as well.(P10)每届奥运会都有一个特殊的村庄(奥运村)供参赛的人住，一个主要的接待大楼，好几个供比赛用的体育场，还有一个室内体育馆。【例句研读】(1)Im going to London and my sisters going _.我要去伦敦，我的妹妹也要去。(2)If youre going to the library, I _ go with you; I have to return this book.如果你去图书馆，我不妨和你一起去，我得去还这本书。(3)He was kind _ sensible.他厚道又明白事理。(4)He _ his wife was invited to the party.他和他妻子都被邀请参加那个聚会了。(5)_ breaking his leg, he hurt his arm.他除了摔断腿之外，还伤到了胳膊。(6)The daughter cooks _ her mother does.女儿烧菜烧得跟她母亲一样好。【答案】(1)as well(2)might as well(3)as well as (4)as well as(5)As well as(6)as well as【归纳拓展】as well as也；和；还；和一样好(在句中连接并列成分)may/might as well 不妨；还是更好(表示委婉的建议，一般是针对当时的情况提出另外的提议)(1)as well 相当于too和 also，用于肯定句中，表示“也，又，而且”，用于句尾。(2)may/might as well 表示委婉的建议，一般是针对当时的情况提出另外的提议。意思是“我们不妨，我们还是吧”。(3)as well as用做连词，连接两个相当的成分，如名词、形容词、介词、动词等，通常不位于句首。此时 as well as强调的重点在前面，不在后面。连接两个主语时，谓语动词的数与前一个主语保持一致。(4)as well as做介词，相当于 besides, in addition to，意为“除之外”，后接名词、代词、动名词。(5)as well as表示比较，意为“和一样好”。提示：(1)和as well as的用法一样，连接主语时，谓语动词和前面的主语保持一致的词或短语还有：with, along with, together with, but, besides, rather than等。如：Mr Brown together with his wife and three children has been in China for three years.布朗先生跟他的妻子和三个孩子已经来中国三年了。(2)not only.but also.可连接各种结构，包括句子，但强调的重点在后面，连接主语时，谓语动词的数与后面的主语一致。如：Not only he but also we are fond of the song.不仅是他，我们也喜欢这首歌。【即时巩固】用as well/also/too/as well as填空Tom plays the piano Tom plays the piano.Tom plays the piano， We shall travel by night by day.【答案】 as well also too as well as考点3take part in参加，参与【教材原句】Who could not take part in the ancient Olympic Games？(P9)谁不能参加古代奥运会？【例句研读】John takes part in many school activities.约翰参加了学校里的很多活动。【归纳拓展】(1)take part in是惯用词组，part前一般不用冠词，但是当part前有形容词修饰时，要用不定冠词，如take an active part in积极参加某项活动。(2)take part意为“参加”时，是不及物动词词组，后不跟宾语。(3)take part in还可意为“起作用”，相当于play a part in。【易混易错】take part in/join in/join/attendtake part in指参加有组织的、严肃的、重大的活动join in指参加正在进行着的活动或游戏等，有时可与take part in换用join指参加团体、党派和组织，成为其中的一个成员，也可用于join sb.in(doing)sth.(与某人一起做某事)attend相当于be present at，意为“出席，参加”。后常跟meeting，wedding(婚礼)，lecture(课程)，class，funeral(葬礼)等。不强调参加者在其中的作用【即时巩固】选词并用其适当形式填空(join/join in/take part in/attend)All the League members the meeting，at which ten students the League.Nicky Wu the fashion show in Paris.Will you all singing the song，please?【答案】 took part in/attended；joined attended join in考点4. in charge主管，看管【教材原句】duty to be in charge and get in trouble if things go wrong(P12)若情况出错时，应负的责任，并会遭遇麻烦【例句研读】Mr.Green is in charge of this factory.格林先生管理这家工厂。This factory is in the charge of Mr.Green.这家工厂由格林先生负责管理。She charged me two dollars for fixing my iPad.她要我付两美元修理我的平板电脑。Six days later，the police arrested him and charged him with murder.警方六天以后将他逮捕，并指控他犯有谋杀罪。【归纳拓展】charge n费用；主管；看管；责任in charge of 负责；主管(表示主动)；照料in sb.s chargein the charge of sb.由主管(含被动意义)take charge of掌管；控制free of charge免费charge vi.& vt.收费，控诉，要价，指控charge(sb.)for sth.为(向某人)收费；要价charge sb.with sth.指控某人某事【即时巩固】句型转换An experienced engineer is in charge of this project.This project is an experienced engineer.【答案】 in the charge of完成句子他们的服务概不收费。They do not their services.我会将孩子们委托你照顾。I will put the children 【答案】 charge at all for in your charge考点5pick up拾起，捡起【教材原句】When she stops to pick it up，you will be able to run past her and win.(P14)当她停下来捡苹果时，你就可以超过她继续向前跑而获胜。【例句研读】(1)The Germans _ the Amber Room and moved it away.德国人把琥珀屋拆开移走了。(2)John enjoys _ to see how they work.约翰喜欢拆卸东西，以研究它们的工作原理。(1)took apart(2)taking things apart【归纳拓展】pick up还有“(偶然地)学到；用车接某人；收听；恢复，振作”等意思。pick out挑出，辨别出【即时巩固】Its surprising that your brother Russian so quicklyhe hasnt lived there very long.Apicked up B looked upCput upD made up【答案】 A 请写出下列各句中pick up的含义Ill pick you up at your place at eight oclock. She soon picked up German when she went to live in Germany. They can pick up the programme clearly on the hill. This medicine will help to pick up your health. 【答案】 (用车)接某人 (偶然地)学会、获得 收听，接收 恢复，好转考点6one after another 一个接一个地；陆续地(强调连续性)【教材原句】He threw the golden apples one after another.(P15)他陆续地扔金苹果。【例句研读】He experiences failures one after another，but never loses heart.他遭受了一次又一次的失败，但从未灰心。【归纳拓展】one by one一个一个地(强调一次一个)one another/each other相互；彼此one after the other一个接一个地(两者)【即时巩固】完成句子他开始一个接一个地把瓶子打开。He begins opening bottles， 请把这些句子一个个地好好背一背。Please recite these sentences carefully 【答案】 one after another one by one经典句型剖析考点1 what引导的宾语从句，做介词 in的宾语【教材原句】I lived in what you call “Ancient Greece” and I used to write about the Olympic Games a long time ago.我生活在你们所说的“古希腊”。我曾经写过很久以前奥林匹克运动会的情况。【句法分析】(1)what you call“Ancient Greece”是由 what引导的宾语从句，做介词 in的宾语，同时 what在宾语从句中做 call的间接宾语。what可以引导主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句及同位语从句等名词性从句，它的含义也比较广泛，可以指事、物、时间、地点、言语、情况等。(2)used to意为“过去常常”，后接动词原形，其否定和疑问形式，可以使用 used，也可以借助助动词 did。Your father used to drink a lot, didnt he/usednt he?你父亲曾喝酒很厉害，对不对？He didnt use/usednt to drive to work.他过去不曾开车上班。拓展：used to do 表示过去经常做某事，也可以表示过去的状态。be used to doing 意为“习惯于”，be 也可换成 get或 bee。be used to do 意为“被用于做”，是被动语态。It used to be a very quiet town.它过去曾是个非常安静的城镇。The man got used to living in the countryside.那个男人已习惯于住在农村。Wood can be used to make paper.木头可用于造纸。used to 表示过去持续的状态或情况，客观地陈述过去的规则行为，现在已不存在此动作，不与表一段时间的状语连用；would表过去不大规则的行为动作，现在可能仍存在，常与 often, sometimes, frequently, for hours 等连用，但不与表示状态的动词连用。如：There used to be an old temple on the hill.从前山上有座古庙。She would sit there for hours doing nothing at all.她总是一连几个小时坐在那儿，什么也不做。【例句研读】The boss seems not satisfied with what we have done.老板似乎对我们所做的事不满意。We waited what seemed two hours.我们等了大约两个小时。Who invented what is called “wheel”？谁发明了叫做“轮子”的东西？【考点聚焦】what引导的宾语从句【即时巩固】1.Police have found appears to be the lost ancient statue.Awhich B whereChowD what【答案】 D【解析】 考查名词性从句。动词found后所接为宾语从句，从句中缺少主语指事物，故填上代词what。2.He finds his daughter is quite different from _ she was five years ago.Awho BwhatChow Dwhich 3.When he was there, he _ go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day.Awould BshouldCused to Dmight【答案】A 【解析】强调过去一段时间一直持续的动作用 would。考点2 every four years 每四年；每隔三年【教材原句】How often do you hold your Games?Every four years.每隔多久举办一次奥运会？每四年。【句法分析】every与基数词、序数词、other或 few连用，表示时间或空间的间隔，意为“每；每隔”，其具体结构为：every基数词复数名词every序数词单数名词every other单数名词 意为“每隔”every few复数名词 意为“每隔”。every four days 每隔三天every third day 每隔两天every other day 每隔一天every few days 每隔几天(注意 few前没有a)【考点聚焦】every four years 每四年；每隔三年【即时巩固】The teacher asked his students to leave a space in their exercise books_.A. every a few lines B. each a few linesC. every few lines D. each few lines【答案】C 考点3 强调句型【教材原句】. Its in the Summer Olympics that you have the running races，together with swimming，sailing and all the team sports.(P10)跑步、游泳、帆船和所有团队项目是在夏季奥运会上进行。【句法分析】It is/was.that.是强调句型，强调in the Summer Olympics.It is English that Professor Li teaches us.李教授教我们的是英语。It was in Beijing that we knew each other.我们是在北京认识的。It is/was.that.是一种强调句型。强调句型的基本结构是：It is/was被强调部分that/who句子的其余部分。被强调部分是人时，可以用who，也可以用that，其他情况只能用that，强调句有一般疑问形式和特殊疑问形式，分别为：Is/Was it被强调部分that/who其余部分？特殊疑问词is/was itthat其余部分？【例句研读】Was it Yao Ming that you met in the street yesterday?你昨天在街上见到的是姚明吗？Who was it that you met in the street yesterday?你昨天在街上见到的是谁？【考点聚焦】考查强调句型【即时巩固】It was with the help of the local guide the mountain climber was rescued.AwhoB thatCwhenD how【答案】 B 考点4 nor/neither“也不”，置于句首引导分句，句子要用部分倒装【教材原句】No other countries could join in, nor_could slaves or women！别的国家不能参加，奴隶和妇女也不能参加。【句法分析】nor/neither“也不”，置于句首引导分句，句子要用部分倒装。即：“neither/norbe(助动词或情态动词)主语”，表示前面否定的情况也适合于下文另一人或物，相当于 either 用于否定句。当两个主语是同一个人或物时，只能用 nor。(2)“so主语be(助动词或情态动词)”则表示对前述情况的认同或强调，注意前后是同一主语，意为“的确”“确实”。(3)So it is (was) with sb. (sth.)或 It is (was) the same with sb. (sth.)用于前面陈述的是两种以上的情况或既有肯定也有否定。He dances well. 他舞跳得好。So do you. 你也跳得好。Its a fine day today. 今天是一个好天。So it is! 今天确实是一个好天！He didnt work hard, so he failed the exam.他不努力学习，所以考试失败了。So it was with me.我也是。【例句研读】She isnt a student; neither/nor is he (he isnt a student, either). 她不是学生，他也不是。I dont know, nor do I care. (nor不能用 neither替换)我不知道，也不关心。拓展：(1)“sobe(助动词或情态动词)主语”，表示上文肯定的情况也适合于下文另外一个人或物。【考点聚焦】nor/neither“也不”，置于句首引导分句，句子要用部分倒装【即时巩固】(1) If you dont sign up for the game, _.AI dont go, either Bneither will ICso will I Dnor do I【答案】B【解析】if从句中用现在时代替将来时，但主句中需用将来时态，A、D时态不对。(2)You say he works hard. _ , and _.ASo he does; so you do BSo he does; so do youCSo does he; so do you DSo does he; so you do【答案】B 考点5 as. . . as . . .【教材原句】Theres as much petition among countries to host the Olympics as to win Olympic medals.(P10)国与国之间争取奥运会承办权的竞争就跟争夺奥运奖牌一样激烈。【句法分析】as.as“像一样”，引导比较状语从句。as.as同级比较的形式有：asadj./adv.asasadj.可数名词复数形式或不可数名词asasadj.a/an可数名词单数形式as注意：(1)同级比较的否定形式为 not so/as.as.。(2)同级比较可修饰倍数、百分数、分数等。(3)此结构中第二个 as可为连词也可为介词，做连词可引导一个比较状语从句，从句常用省略形式；做介词时，后接名词，也可接数量词表示某性质达到了什么程度。【例句研读】Asia is about four times as large as Europe.亚洲大约是欧洲的四倍大。He owed as many thanks to his parents as (he owed) to his teachers. 他同样地感谢他的父母和老师。We walked as far as the lake last night.昨晚我们散步远到湖边。He is not so friendly to me as I am to him.他对我不像我对他那样友好。You must give flowers as much water as they need.你必须给花浇足够多的水。【即时巩固】1.Its said that the power plant is now large as what it was.Atwice asB as twiceCtwice muchD much twice【答案】 A【解析】 考查比较级倍数表达句型。句型为：倍数as形容词、副词原级as比较对象。故选A。2.What do you think of French?In my opinion, French is _ English.Aa subject so difficult as Bas difficult a subject asCas a subject difficult as Ddifficult as subject as【答案】B【解析】考查 as.as表示同级比较。其中第一个 as是副词，后接 adj.an.。3.The farmers wondered if vegetables could bring in _crops.Aas many as Bas good asCas much as Das well as
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