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Multi-disciplinary hypothesized prototype modeling and simulation technologyAuthor: PRC technical department article origin: MSC.SoftwareThis article embarked from the current product design process to the multi-disciplinary union simulation demand, has analyzed the product coordination design to the simulation technology three levels function demands, and drew out currently realizes the multi-disciplinary integrated simulation general method. The multi-disciplinary union simulation needs to control, the organization, the finite element and so on the different simulation environment integration and the data exchange, MSC.Software provided most systematic and the integrity multi-disciplinary coordination simulation development environment, this article in detail introduced MSC. The Software multi-disciplinary hypothesized prototype modeling and the simulation solution, and has produced the concrete example.1.multi-disciplinary unions simulations demandIt is well known, the modern product research and development flow is the multi- people team, the multi-disciplinary domain coordination design process. In product performance history, regardless of is the plan principle design, the part level detailed parameter specification design, all involves to many different subsystems and the related discipline domain, these subsystems all have the oneself specific function and the unique design method, but between various subsystems then has the cross-coupling function, composes the integrity together the functional system.Chart 1 the modern product process involves many subsystems and the related discipline domainHow does the effective coordinated each subsystem design teams work, let between the team achieve information sharing, helps supply each other, and guarantees the subsystem the design quality and the overall performance, the realization product design true integration harmonious cooperation assimilation, thus the enhancement rated capacity, saves the design cost, reduces the development cycle, this is an extremely important question.In order to achieve the above goal, we must satisfy following three levels the demand:First, has various subsystems and various disciplines domain effective integration simulation tool, thus guarantees various subsystems the design standard and the reliability:Chart 2 various disciplines domain different design toolSecond, can realize between various simulations tool seamless integration and the data exchange, realizes the model conformity under the unification overhead construction;Third, in order to can coordinate and manage each design team, as well as mass data which produces in the design process, realization resources optimization disposition, but also must have the simulation data and the flow management platform, realizes various disciplines domain true coordination to imitate.2. multi-disciplinary coordination simulations general realization methodAt present more general and the popular realization multi-disciplinary integration simulation method mainly includes following three kinds:2.1 unions simulations type (Co-Simulation)The union simulation type is at present is general, also uses most one data exchange way, its data exchange principle like chart 3 shows, between two different simulations tools passes TCP/Way realization data exchange and transfer and so on TCP/IP.Chart 3 union simulation -like basic principleAfter between two different simulations tools through the union simulation way establishment connection, one contains the model may the result which calculates own transmit as the system input instruction for the model which another one establishes, this kind of instruction including the strength, the moment of force, the actuation and so on the typical signal, latter model the response quantity which produces in under this instruction function, like displacement, speed, acceleration and so on, also may feed back gives former the model, like this, the model information and the simulation data may in two between directional transmissions.The union simulation way model application includes: Poly some dynamics and control system (for example vehicle control), structure and air operated load (for example aeronautical dynamics analysis), and so on. This is one kind is easiest to establish and the realization integrated simulation way, has very strong general, but limits lies in processes the rigid system with difficulty, takes many to the system resources, certain situation possible speeds to be slow.2.2 models transformations type (Model Transfer)Model transformation -like principle like chart 4 shows. Its main principle is transforms tool model for the specific form contains the model information the data file, for another tool in model transfer, thus realization information interactive. The typical data format like used in just shooting the coupling analysis the modality neutral document (*.mnf), contained in this document uses M , K , x the resonance oscillation matrix representation information; Uses in the control mechanism integration simulation as well as other simulations dynamic link storehouse documents (*.dll), in this document contains uses the variable expression the function information.Chart 4 model transformation -like basic principleThe model transformation -like model application includes: The control, the battery solution and the organization integration simulation (for example airplane control surface), the finite element and the poly some organization (for example just shot coupling mechanical system), and so on. This way characteristic lies in the solution speed quickly, takes few to the system resources, the stability is good, after and the model establishment is advantageous for the repetition use, but limits then lies in needs to define the specific data format the document, the versatility misses slightly.2.3 solutions integrations type (Solver Convergence)The solution integration -like basic principle realizes between two different tools solution code integrations, thus realizes in an among simulation environment to another simulation tool solution transfer, like chart 5 shows.Chart 5 solution integration -like basic principleThe solution integration -like model application includes: Has material non-linear problem the and so on the flexure large-scale structural model, has flows solid geometry non-linear problem the and so on the coupling, impact large-scale structure question, and so on. This way superiority lies in may facilitate the effective utilization many kinds of disciplines domain the solution technology, is advantageous for the user to use the existing model directly, but limits lies in the model certain factor like unit types, the function form and so on in certain situations needs to define, at the same time the software development and the promotion cycle is long.3. MSC.Software multi-disciplinary coordination simulation solutionIn view of multi-disciplinary coordination simulation three levels demands, MSC.Software provides current is most systematic and the integrity solution.First, MSC.Software provides integrated VPD modeling simulation environment MSC.SimOffice. MSC.SimOffice contains the one whole set comprehensive VPD tool to use in simulation system each kind of performance, thus highly effective establishment various subsystems model, appraisal system performance.Chart 6 integrates VPD simulation environment MSC.SimOfficeNext, MSC.Between the SimOffice various members has the seamless integrated ability, may realize the data exchange and the model conformity, Establishment integrity integrated hypothesized prototype; MSC.SimOffice has the glorious development history, its members all are respective domain reside in the leading status the simulation tool, passed the massive engineering project examination, the knowledge and the experience unceasing accumulation, has the greatly strengthened reliability and the stability. At present MSC.Between the SimOffice various members may facilitate through the different way realization model data alternately, the solution conformity and the computation process coordination, at the same time MSC positive development work, MSC.SimOffice various members transplant and conformity to unified overhead construction under, in order to the user may complete all analyses work under the unified contact surface environment.Chart 7 MSC.SimOffice realizes the complete function hypothesized prototypeOnce more, MSC.SimManager is the formidable simulation flow and the data management platform, provides the coordination and the management for the enterprise designs the personnel, the simulation tool, the model data unified overhead construction, the realization resources optimization disposes and combines, enhances the product development efficiency.3.1 MSC.SimOffice integration simulation wayAccording to realizes the integrated simulation three general methods respective superiority and the characteristic, unifies various simulations tool own characteristic and the use, MSC.Between SimOffice member through different way realization conformity.3.1.1 MSC.EASY5 and MSC.ADAMS integration wayAt present MSC.EASY5 and MSC.ADAMS two between integration more and more close, the integrated way more and more is also rich. MSC.EASY5 and MSC.ADAMS may through the union simulation type, the model transformation type and the solution integration type three ways carries on the coordination simulation.* Union simulation type- By MSC.EASY5 and MSC.ADAMS solution solution respective model;- Step-by-steps the good data communication in the hypothesis time.* The model transformation type (control system inducts)-MSC.EASY5 establishes the control and the multi-disciplinary system induct MSC.ADAMS;- MSC. The EASY5 model took a set of GSE equation joins to MSC.ADAMS (dll dynamic link storehouse form introduction);- MSC.ADAMS solution integral computation all models;- In MSC. In ADAMS carries on the appraisal to the control system performance, selects this method, may study the entire model in the control system initialization parameter situation the performance, carries on the unification the experimental design and the parameter optimization.* Solution integration type- MSC.ADAMS C+ solution integration in MSC. In EASY5, MSC. The EASY5 user may transfer MSC. Directly The ADAMS C+ solution calculates MSC.EASY5 model;- In MSC. In EASY5 modeling and simulation;- MSC.EASY5 can transfer directly in the backstage and move MSC.ADAMS C+ solution;- When simulation conclusion can automatically open MSC. The ADAMS post-processing examines the simulation result.Chart 8 MSC.ADAMS and MSC.EASY5 realizes the integration of machinery simulation3.1.2 MSC.ADAMS, MSC.Nastran, MSC.Fatigue integration wayThese three between mainly carries on the integration through the model transformation way.* By MSC. Nastran carries on the finite element analysis to the part, the production includes the modality information the mnf document;* Inducts the mnf document MSC. In ADAMS, foundation hard and soft coupling model;* By MSC.ADAMS carries on dynamics analysis to the organization;* MSC. The ADAMS analysis obtains the load and the displacement equilateral condition may change over to MSC. Nastran carries on detailed analysis and so on stress, vibration, noise;* MSC. The ADAMS analysis obtains the load time course information may changes over to MSC. through DAC or the RPC III form document In Fatigue carries on the weary analysis.Chart 9 MSC.ADAMS and MSC.Nastran integration3.1.3 MSC.Nastran, MSC.Marc, MSC.Dytran integration wayThese three mainly through solution integration way realization conformity.* MSC.Nastran + hides type non-linear SOL600 (MSC.Marc);* MSC.Nastran + explicit non-linear SOL700 (LS-DYNA);* Processes under the overhead construction in unified around to carry on the computation solution;* In MSC.In Nastran integrated MSC. completely Marc and LS-DYNA non-linear function;* Enormously expanded MSC.Nastran simulation scope and application domain.Chart 10 MSC.Nastran explicit non-linear solution SOL7003.1.4 MSC.EASY5 and MSC.Nastran direct integrationAt present MSC.EASY5 and MSC.Nastran may through the model transformation way realization direct integration, thus permits in MSC.In EASY5 introduces the elastomer structure data, the solution control and the structure coupling question.Chart 11 MSC.EASY5 and MSC.Nastran direct integration3.2 MSC.SimOffice coordination simulation model application wayBy front article obviously, MSC.Between the SimOffice member may through the good integrated ability realization complex product integrated development. Contained the control, the structure, the organization movement as well as the weary analysis in and so on in the multi-disciplinary multi- subsystems product development flow, we might pass MSC. in ahead of time the stage The EASY5 establishment including the control system and the multi-disciplinary dynamic system principle model, passes MSC.Nastran/Marc/Dytran carries on the finite element analysis to the part, then MSC.EASY5 establishment control system model and MSC.The Nastran analysis elastomer model inducts MSC.In ADAMS, establishes the integration of machinery the function hypothesized prototype, passes MSC.ADAMS analysis product movement situation, appraisal product performance. In MSC.In the ADAMS analysis process produces the load time course document, also may further induct to MSC.In Fatigue, carries on the detailed weary analysis. In MSC.In SimOffice may complete the entire product the development flow.Chart 12 MSC.SimOffice realization product integrity development flow3.3 MSC.SimOffice future overhead constructionAt present MSC.Software Corporation positive development work, MSC.The SimOffice various members transplant and the conformity to the unified overhead construction in, realize the more convenient coordination simulation under the identical contact surface environment.Chart 13 MSC.SimOffice future overhead constructionMSC.SimManager establishment coordination simulation platformIn the multi- teams, the multi- subsystems, in the multi-disciplinary domain product performance history, only has various subsystems and various disciplines domain development kit, and realized each development kit integration still not to be able to achieve the complete coordination design, because in the performance history, involved to the different development personnel, the massive data and the information, as well as various subsystems different design flow. For the effective administrative personnel, the data and the design flow, cause the performance history realization true coordination, we also must have the simulation to manage the platform.MSC.SimManager is the current most formidable simulation data and the flow management system management system, for based on the IE gateway type management system, helps to manage the multi-disciplinary union simulation the multitudinous simulation tool, the flow and the data, carries on each kind of analysis under the unified platform, enterprises analysis staff and the resources optimization disposition, establishes the true coordination simulation platform.Chart 14 MSC.SimManager establishment coordination simulation platform4. multi-disciplinary hypothesized prototypes development exampleBelow the example produces in the development flight control system aileron hydraulic pressure does moves the subsystem in the process, MSC. How joint operation is the SimOffice member, completes the overall system the integrated development duty. In the performance history, various simulations tool, the data and the development flow management passes MSC.SimManager realization.The traditional flight control system development mainly relies on “the airplane“ the experiment, this experiment usually applies in the system synthesis as well as the function test. On must carry on the massive different types in “the mockup“ the physical testing, by guarantees the design the accuracy. If considered merely the airplane aileron operates the response to the pilot the speech, “airplane“ experiment quite ideal.But “the airplane“ experiments the biggest shortcoming to lie in, it the airplane consideration is the rigid body, moreover cannot include the aerodynamics the factor, the integrity flight load (is merely a load) as well as the elastomer influence. These factors regarding the design influence are quite big in fact.Moreover, if total dependence “airplane“ experiment, then brings the development cycle and the cost all are cannot be accepted.With the aid of in MSC.The Software VPD technology, establishes 功能化 the numeral airplane, may in the simulation above consider completely the key aspect influence, at the same time may reduce the physical prototype the trial manufacturing and the experiment, saves the development cost, reduces the development cycle.Chart 15 MSC.SimOffice realizes the complete system simulationComplete development flow as follows:Chart 16 integrity development flow多学科系统级虚拟样机建模与仿真技术作者：PRC 技术部 文章来源：MSC.Software本文从当前产品设计过程对多学科联合仿真的需求出发，分析了产品协同设计对仿真技术三个层次的功能需求，并引出当前实现多学科集成仿真的一般方法。多学科联合仿真需要控制、机构、有限元等不同仿真环境的集成和数据交换，MSC.Software 提供最为系统和完整的多学科协同仿真开发环境，本文详细介绍了 MSC.Software 多学科系统级虚拟样机建模和仿真的解决方案，并给出了具体的实例。1多学科联合仿真的需求众所周知，现代产品的研发流程是多人团队、多学科领域的协同设计过程。在产品开发过程中，无论是系统级的方案原理设计，还是部件级的详细参数规格设计，都涉及到多个不同的子系统和相关学科领域，这些子系统都有自己特定的功能和独特的设计方法，而各子系统之间则具有交互耦合作用，共同组成完整的功能系统。图 1 现代产品过程涉及多个子系统和相关学科领域如何有效的协调各个子系统设计团队的工作，让团队之间达到信息共享、互通有无，并保证子系统的设计质量和整体性能，实现产品设计真正的一体化和协同化，从而提高设计效率，节省设计成本，缩短开发周期，这是一个非常重要的问题。为了达到上述目标，我们必须满足以下三个层次的需求：第一，具备各子系统和各学科领域有效的集成仿真工具，从而保证各子系统的设计水准和可靠性；图 2 各学科领域的不同设计工具第二，能够实现各仿真工具之间的无缝集成和数据交换，在统一架构下实现模型整合；第三，为了能够协调和管理各设计团队，以及在设计过程中产生的大量数据，实现资源优化配置，还必须具有仿真数据和流程的管理平台，实现各学科领域的真正协同仿真。2多学科协同仿真的一般实现方法目前较为通用和流行的实现多学科集成仿真的方法主要包括以下三种：2.1 联合仿真式（Co-Simulation）联合仿真式是目前较为通用，也是使用最多的一种数据交换方式，其数据交换原理如图 3 所示，两个不同仿真工具之间通过 TCP/IP 等方式实现数据交换和调用。图 3 联合仿真式的基本原理当两个不同仿真工具之间通过联合仿真方式建立连接后，其中一者所包含的模型可以将自己计算的结果作为系统输入指令传递给另一者所建立的模型，这种指令包括力、力矩、驱动等典型信号，后者的模型在该指令的作用下所产生的响应量，如位移、速度、加速度等，又可以反馈给前者的模型，这样，模型信息和仿真数据就可以在两者之间双向传递。联合仿真方式的典型应用有：多体动力学与控制系统（如车辆控制）、结构与气动载荷（如飞行动力学分析），等等。这是一种最为容易建立和实现的集成仿真方式，具有很强的普适性，但局限在于难以处理刚性系统，对系统资源占用较多，某些情况可能速度较慢。2.2 模型转换式（Model Transfer）模型转换式的原理如图 4 所示。其主要原理是将其中一个工具的模型转化为特定格式的包含模型信息的数据文件，供另一个工具中的模型调用，从而实现信息交互。典型的数据格式如用于刚弹耦合分析的模态中性文件（mnf），在该文件中包含采用M、K、x和振型矩阵表示的弹性体信息；用于控制机构一体化仿真以及其它仿真的动态链接库文件（dll），该文件中包含采用变量表示的函数信息。 图 4 模型转化式的基本原理模型转化式的典型应用有：控制、电液与机构一体化仿真（如飞机操纵面），有限元与多体机构（如刚弹耦合机械系统），等等。这种方式的特点在于求解速度快，对系统资源占用较少，稳定性好，并且模型建立后便于重复使用，而局限则在于需要定义特定数据格式的文件，通用性稍差。2.3 求解器集成式（Solver Convergence）求解器集成式的基本原理是实现两个不同工具之间的求解器代码集成，从而实现在其中一个仿真环境中对另一个仿真工具的求解器调用，如图 5 所示。图 5 求解器集成式的基本原理求解器集成式的典型应用有：带有屈曲等材料非线性问题的大型结构模型，带有流固耦合、冲击等几何非线性问题的大型结构问题，等等。这种方式的优势在于可以方便有效的运用多种学科领域的求解技术，便于用户直接使用现有模型，而局限在于模型中的某些因素如单元类型、函数形式等某些情况下需要重新定义，同时软件的开发和升级周期较长。3MSC.Software 多学科协同仿真解决方案针对多学科协同仿真三个层次的需求，MSC.Software 提供当前最为系统和完整的解决方案。首先，MSC.Software 提供集成的 VPD 建模仿真环境MSC.SimOffice。MSC.SimOffice 包含一整套全面的 VPD 工具用于仿真系统的各种性能，从而高效的建立各子系统的模型，评价系统性能。图 6 集成 VPD 仿真环境 MSC.SimOffice其次，MSC.SimOffice 各成员之间均具有无缝集成能力，可以实现数据交换和模型整合,建立完整的一体化虚拟样机；MSC.SimOffice 具有悠久的开发历史，其成员都是各自领域居于领先地位的仿真工具，通过了大量工程项目的检验，知识和经验的不断积累，具有极强的可靠性与稳定性。目前MSC.SimOffice 各成员之间可以方便的通过不同方式实现模型数据交互、求解器整合和计算过程协同，同时 MSC 正在积极的开展工作，将 MSC.SimOffice 各成员移植和整合到统一的架构之下，以便用户可以在统一的界面环境下完成所有分析工作。图 7 MSC.SimOffice 实现完整功能虚拟样机再次，MSC.SimManager 是强大的仿真流程与数据管理平台，为企业提供协调和管理设计人员、仿真工具，模型数据的统一架构，实现资源的优化配置和组合，提高产品开发效率。3.1 MSC.SimOffice 集成仿真方式根据实现集成仿真的三种通用方法各自的优势和特点，结合各仿真工具自身的特点和用途，MSC.SimOffice 成员间通过不同的方式实现整合。3.1.1 MSC.EASY5 与 MSC.ADAMS 集成方式目前 MSC.EASY5 与 MSC.ADAMS 两者之间的集成越来越紧密，集成的方式也越来越丰富。MSC.EASY5 与 MSC.ADAMS 可以通过联合仿真式、模型转换式和求解器集成式三种方式进行协同仿真。* 联合仿真式由 MSC.EASY5 和 MSC.ADAMS 求解器求解各自的模型；在设定时间步进行数据通信。* 模型转换式（控制系统导入）将 MSC.EASY5 所建立的控制与多学科系统导入 MSC.ADAMS；MSC.EASY5 模型作为一套 GSE 方程加入到 MSC.ADAMS（dll 动态链接库形式引入）；MSC.ADAMS 求解器积分计算所有的模型；在 MSC.ADAMS 中对控制系统性能进行评估，采用此种方式，可以在控制系统预置参数的情况下研究整个模型的性能，进行统一的试验设计和参数优化。* 求解器集成式MSC.ADAMS C+求解器集成于 MSC.EASY5 中，MSC.EASY5 用户可以直接调用 MSC.ADAMS 的 C+
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