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Unit 5 Nelson Mandela a modern hero一、刷黑板.阅读词汇(英译汉)第一屏听写1mean adj. 吝啬的；自私的；卑鄙的2generous adj. 慷慨的；大方的3easygoing adj. 随和的；温和宽容的4self n. 自我；自身5selfish adj. 自私的6selfless adj. 无私的；忘我的7selflessly adv. 无私地；忘我地 第二屏听写8invader n侵略者9republic n. 共和国；共和政体10principle n. 法则；原则；原理11livelihood n. 生计；谋生12mankind n. 人类13lawyer n. 律师14legal adj. 法律的；依照法律的15fee n. 费(会费、学费等)；酬金 第三屏听写16league n 同盟；联盟；联合会17Youth League 青年团18quote n. 引用语；语录19release vt. 释放；发行20blanket n. 毛毯；毯子21terror n. 恐怖；可怕的人；恐怖时期；恐怖活动22anti前缀 反；抗；阻23antiblack adj. 反黑人的 第四屏听写.高频词汇(汉译英)1quality n 质量；品质；性质2warmhearted adj. 热心肠的3active adj. 积极的；活跃的4devote vt. (与to连用)献身；专心于5devoted adj. 忠实的；深爱的6found vt. 建立；建设7peaceful adj. 和平的；平静的；安宁的8hopeful adj. 怀有希望的；有希望的 第五屏听写9youth n青年；青年时期10guidance n. 指导；领导11stage n. 舞台；阶段；时期12vote vt.&vi. 投票；选举n. 投票；选票；表决13attack vt. 进攻；攻击；抨击14equal adj. 相等的；平等的15willing adj. 乐意的；自愿的 第六屏听写16unfair adj. 不公正的；不公平的17escape vi.&vt. 逃脱；逃走；避开；泄露18educate vt. 教育；训练19educated adj. 受过教育的；有教养的20beg vi. 请求；乞求21relative n. 亲戚；亲属22reward n. 报酬；奖金vt. 酬劳；奖赏 第七屏听写23sentence vt.判决；宣判24president n. 总统；会长；校长；行长25opinion n. 意见；看法；主张26violence n. 暴力；暴行27cruelty n. 残忍；残酷28out_of_work 失业29as_a_matter_of_fact 事实上 第八屏听写30blow_up 使充气；爆炸31in_trouble 在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中32turn_to 求助于；致力于33lose_heart 丧失勇气或信心34e_to_power 当权；上台35set_up 设立；建立36be_sentenced_to 被判处(徒刑) 二、刷清单(一)核心单词阅读单词1.mean adj.吝啬的；自私的；卑鄙的2generous adj. 慷慨的；大方的3republic n. 共和国；共和政体4principle n. 法则；原则；原理5mankind n. 人类6.lawyer n律师7legal adj. 法律的；依照法律的8blanket n. 毛毯；毯子9terror n. 恐怖；可怕的人； 恐怖时期；恐怖活动10invader n. 侵略者11.livelihood n. 生计；谋生12fee n费(会费、学费等)；酬金13league n. 同盟；联盟；联合会14quote n. 引用语；语录15release vt. 释放；发行表达单词1.quality n质量；品质；性质2warmhearted adj. 热心肠的3found vt. 建立；建设4hopeful adj. 怀有希望的；有希望的5youth n. 青年；青年时期6vote vt.&vi. 投票；选举n. 投票；选票；表决7escape vi.&vt. 逃脱；逃走；避开；泄露8reward n. 报酬；奖金vt. 酬劳；奖赏9president n. 总统；会长；校长；行长10opinion n. 意见；看法；主张11stage n. 舞台；阶段；时期12attack vt. 进攻；攻击；抨击13willing adj. 乐意的；自愿的14beg vi. 请求；乞求语境活用1Tsinghua University, founded (建立) in 1911, is one of the best universities in China.2Our pany is more concerned with quality (质量) than quantity.3They managed to escape (逃脱) from the burning building by breaking down the door.4The government rewarded (奖赏) him for saving the old man in the well.5Black people could not vote (投票) or choose their leaders.6We may have different opinions (看法) in organizing class activities.7China is playing an important role on the international political stage (舞台)拓展单词1.active adj.积极的；活跃的actively adv.积极地；活跃地activity n活动2devote vt.献身；专心于devoted adj.忠实的；深爱的devotion n关爱；献身；奉献；忠诚3peaceful adj.和平的；平静的；安宁的peacefully adv.和平地peace n和平；平静；和睦4guidance n指导；领导guide vt.带领；引导 n向导5violence n暴力；暴行violent adj.暴力的；猛烈的violently adv.猛烈地；剧烈地6equal adj.相等的；平等的equality n平等；相等equally adv.同样地；相等地；公平地7educate vt.教育；训练educated adj.受过教育的；有教养的education n教育educator n教育工作者；教育家语境活用1In order to give her a good education,_her parents sent her to a famous school to be educated. (educate)2China is known to be a peaceful country. Its been a model of peace in the world. (peace)3Bethune, a devoted friend of Chinese, devoted his life to helping Chinese. I really respect his devotion to medical work.(devote)4All men are born equal,_so everyone hopes to be treated equally because equality is the basic demand.(equal)5He criticized violently that the government did little to stop the violence in the country.(violent)(二)常用短语写准记牢语境活用(选用左栏短语填空)1.out_of_work失业2as_a_matter_of_fact 事实上3blow_up 使充气；爆炸4in_trouble 在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中5turn_to 求助于；致力于6lose_heart 丧失勇气或信心7e_to_power 当权；上台8set_up 设立；建立9be_sentenced_to 被判处(徒刑)10be_willing_to_do_sth._ 愿意做某事11be_in_prison 蹲监狱12in_ones_opinion 在某人看来1.Many university students dream of setting_up their own panies after graduating.2Dont lose_heart! Try again and you will get what you want.3According to the report, the new president will e_to_power at the very beginning of next month.4Because he has been out_of_work for months, the young man now depends on his parents for a living. 5However, when it is something beyond my petence, I turn_to my classmates or teachers for help.6I knew we were in_trouble_when the elevator stopped.7As_a_matter_of_fact,_the news that he told me yesterday is true.(三)经典句式原句背诵句式解构佳句仿写1.The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all. 过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺我们的权利，阻挡我们的进步，一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。拟人修辞手法。主语是时间或地点名词，谓语是see, find等动词，表示经历或目睹了某事。近几年一些环境灾难大规模地出现，专家们预测更坏的局面即将来临。The_last_few_years_have_seen environmental disasters on a grand scale, and experts are predicting far worse to e.2. only then did we decide to answer violence with violence. 只有到这个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。only修饰状语放在句首，句子用部分倒装。事实上，只有不断地行动，不断地调整计划，我们才能达到我们的最终目标。(2016浙江高考写作)Actually, only_by_getting_moving_and_constantly_adjusting_the_plan_can_we_ achieve our final goal.3.I felt bad the first time I talked to a group. 第一次给旅行团作讲解时，我的心情很不好。the first time “第一次”，引导时间状语从句。第一次比赛失败，我们都感到很沮丧，因为我们都全身心地为此做了充分准备。(2013湖南高考写作)The_first_time_we_lost_the_match,_we all felt very depressed, because we had all been devoted to making full preparations for it.(四)初中考点再回顾高频考查类记熟文化差异类辨清易忘易错类勤览1.be_different_from与不同 2be_hard_on_sb. 对某人苛刻；对某人要求严厉3be_kind_to_sb. 对某人友好4be_necessary_to_do_sth. 有必要做某事5be_patient_with 对有耐心6be patient of sth. 容忍某物1.e_true实现2take_a_message_ 捎口信3keep_a_diary 写日记4have a great day 过得愉快5Wet paint! 油漆未干！6be up to sb. 由某人决定1.go to the movie/cinema看电影 2go to school 上学3go to college 上大学4eat well 吃得好5taste good 好吃6make a fire 生火一、过重点单词1devote vt.(与to连用)献身；专心于高考佳句I feel that Ive been given a second life to devote to something that is meaningful and enormous.(2017天津高考)我感觉我被给予另一种生活去致力于做一些有意义而又伟大的事。(1)devote . to .把奉献于devote oneself to 献身于；致力于(2)devoted adj. 忠实的；深爱的be devoted to (doing) sth. 专心于；奉献于(3)devotion n. 关爱；献身；奉献；忠诚多角练透单句语法填空Once married, Joe devoted her life _to_ looking after children and being a fulltime homemaker.Devoting (devote) herself/Devoted (devote) to teaching the deaf children, the young lady has little time to care for her own daughter.补全句子You will never gain success unless you are_fully_devoted_to your work.除非你完全专注于你的工作，不然你永远不会获得成功。用devote的相关短语完成小片段Li Lei is my_devoted_friend (我忠实的朋友). Since graduation, he has_been_devoted_to/has_devoted_himself_to (致力于) improving the education of the local people. In addition to teaching, he has_devoted_a_lot_of_time_to_raising_money (已把大量时间用于筹集资金) to build more schools. His_devotion_to (他对的奉献) this work moves the people deeply.以下短语中to是介词，不是不定式符号，后接动词时应用动名词形式。look forward to doing sth.盼望做某事object to doing sth. 反对做某事get down to doing sth. 开始做某事pay attention to doing sth. 注意做某事be/get used/accustomed to doing sth. 习惯于做某事 2vote vt.& vi.投票；选举n.投票；选票；表决经典例句After the Brexit vote, a lot of discussions have arisen in European Union.在英国脱欧公投后，欧盟中掀起了很多争论。vote for投票支持vote against 投票反对vote on 投票表决题点全练单句语法填空He was grateful to those supporters who voted for him.Whether you vote for or against the plan doesnt seem to matter very much.As we cant agree on this matter, lets vote on it.3equal adj.相等的；平等的；同等的；胜任的vt.等于；抵得上n.同等的人；相等物教材原句But I was happy to help because I knew it would help us achieve our dream of making black and white people equal.但是我很乐意帮忙因为我知道那将帮助我们实现使黑人和白人平等的梦想。(1)be equal to sth./doing sth.等于/胜任(做)某事without equal 无与伦比equal sb./sth. in (doing) sth.在(做)某事上比得过、敌得过某人/物(2)equality n. 平等；相等equally adv. 相等地；公平地；同样地多角练透单句语法填空Any man will be equal to the task, so long as he is careful. You should give it a try.Its said that nobody can equal him in intelligence.Men and women must be treated equally (equal) in education and employment.单句写作其次，要积极向上和开心，因为你的心理健康和身体健康同等重要。(2014江西高考书面表达) For another, be positive and cheerful, for your mental health is_equal_to_your _physical_health.联想发散表示“胜任”的其他常见表达：be up tobe fit forbe qualified for4escape vi.& vt.逃脱；逃走；避开；泄露；被遗忘n.逃脱教材原句It was a prison from which no one escaped.那是一座任何人也逃不出去的监狱。(1)escape (doing) sth.逃避(做)某事escape from 从逃脱；逃避(2)a narrow escape 九死一生；死里逃生多角练透单句语法填空He escaped being_killed (kill) in the explosion because he had not gone to work.Seeing the poisonous gas escaping from the broken pipe, he sounded the alarm.写出加黑单词在语境中的含义Bob looked back only to find an old classmate whose name escaped him for the moment.被遗忘5reward n报酬；奖金vt.酬劳；奖赏经典例句Make the extra effort to impress the buyer and you will be rewarded with a quicker sale.多用心去打动顾客，货物就会更快售出。(1)as a reward (for .) 作为(对的)报酬/奖赏in reward for 为酬谢；作为的奖励(2)reward sb. with . for sth. 为某事而用酬谢某人(3)rewarding adj. 值得做的；有益的；有意义的多角练透单句语法填空We gave him a gift as a reward for his kindness.He received a medal in reward for his bravery.They rewarded the winners with gifts of fruits and flowers when the match ended.单句写作你提到你教我英语作为回报，这恰恰正是我想要的。(2015四川高考书面表达)You mentioned that you_could_teach_me_English_as_a_reward,_which is exactly what I want.单句语法填空1Under our teachers careful guidance (guide), we finished our homework in advance.2The man should be condemned for his cruelty (cruel) to his wife.3It does serious harm to childrens character that too much violence (violent) is shown on television.4He was_attacked (attack) by a dog when he was walking along the street.5This position is equally (equal) suitable for a school leaver or for somebody who has office experience.6Although he made a serious mistake in his work, he was lucky to escape being_fired (fire) by his boss.7. With the speeches finished, we voted to_choose (choose) the monitor.8People in all countries want a peaceful (peace) world rather than one filled with wars.9Though he has met with many difficulties over the past two years, he is still hopeful (hope)10High school education (educate) is very important for students, because it can help them to choose their future.单句改错1He often lent me a hand when I was in trouble, to which I was grateful.tofor2Hopeful, Ill be able to stay at home for three weeks this time.HopefulHopefully3Nowadays many school children devote too much time to play puter games.playplaying4Founding in the early 20th century, the school keeps on inspiring childrens love of art.FoundingFounded5To our delight, over 60% of the members voted the plan which was beneficial to air quality.voted后加for.一句多译/句型转换1我送给他一本从上海买的书来答谢他的帮助。I gave him a book bought from Shanghai in_reward_for_his_help. (reward n)As_a_reward_for_his_help,_I gave him a book which was bought from Shanghai. (reward n)I_rewarded_him_with_a_book which I bought from Shanghai for his help. (reward v)2He devoted himself to munity activities and was praised by the people around.Devoting_himself_to_munity_activities,_he was praised by the people around. (devote vt.)Devoted_to_munity_activities,_he was praised by the people around. (devoted adj.)二、过短语、句式1in trouble在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中高考佳句As is known to us all, if we are in trouble, it is not our phones but our friends that can really help us out.(2014重庆高考写作)众所周知，如果我们有困难，是朋友而不是手机可以真正地帮助我们摆脱困境。ask for trouble自找麻烦；自讨苦吃get into trouble 陷入困境；惹麻烦have trouble in doing sth./with sth.做某事有困难/麻烦take the trouble to do sth.不怕费事或困难尽力做某事多角练透单句语法填空If you are in trouble, Mike is always willing to lend a hand.Whenever we have trouble with our studies, our teachers help us patiently.You cant imagine the trouble I had persuading (persuade) him to change his mind.Thanks for the trouble you have taken to_help (help) us.补全句子What worries me a lot is that I am_really_having_trouble_in_collecting_information _and_using_language.让我十分担心的是我在收集信息和使用语言方面确实有困难。2turn to求助于；翻到(书的某页)；致力于；开始从事；查阅教材原句Why did Nelson Mandela turn to violence to make black and white people equal?为什么纳尔逊曼德拉使用暴力以使黑人和白人平等呢？一词多义写出下列句中turn to的含义He is ready to help others, seldom, if ever, refusing them when they turn to him.求助于After he left university he became a teacher, but later turned to journalism.开始从事You shouldnt always turn to the dictionary when you meet new words in reading.查阅Please turn to Page 40.翻到归纳拓展turn down关小；拒绝turn away 拒绝入内；把打发走turn up 出现；露面；调大turn out 证明是；结果是；赶走；生产turn over 打翻；翻身；移交Some promises were unavoidable, but the video turned_out perfect.(2017北京高考书面表达)一些妥协是不可避免的，但视频证明是极好的。3lose heart丧失勇气或信心；灰心；泄气教材原句The scientist from whom we heard the good news never lost heart when he was in trouble. 我们从其口中获得好消息的科学家遇到困难时从不灰心。 归纳拓展put ones heart into一心扑在上learn sth. by heart 背诵；记牢strike . into ones heart 使刻骨铭心heart and soul 全心全意地from the bottom of ones heart 从某人的心底应用领悟Though beaten by the opposite team, they didnt lose heart.虽然被对方球队击败，但他们没有丧失信心。As little boys and girls have a very good memory, they can learn a lot of English words by heart.由于小男孩和小女孩的记忆力非常好，他们能记住很多英语单词。There is an old saying goes like this, “Nothing is too hard if you put your heart into it.”有句老话是这样说的，“世上无难事，只怕有心人”。4. 拟人修辞手法The_last_thirty_years_have_seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺我们的权利，阻挡我们的进步，一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。 (1)see意为“见证，目睹，经历”时，常以表示时代、年代、世纪或地点的名词作主语，表示某时或某地“目睹，发生，经历”了某事。(2)与see用法相同的动词有find, witness, say, experience等，这些词在句中作谓语，用物作主语时，表示一种拟人的手法，以增添语言色彩，使表达更形象。The_year_1949_saw_the_founding of the Peoples Republic of China.1949年见证了中华人民共和国的建立。The two stone lions standing in front of Tiananmen saw/witnessed_many_great_historic _events.天安门前的这两只石狮目睹了许多重大的历史事件。5“only状语”置于句首的倒装句式. only_then_did_we decide to answer violence with violence.只有到这个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。only放在句首修饰状语(通常是副词、介词短语或状语从句等)时，句子需要部分倒装。Only by understanding and learning from each other can_we_spend those days together happily. (2014天津高考书面表达)只有通过相互理解彼此学习我们才能一起开心地度过那些美好的日子。Theres no denying that only if we deal with and overe large numbers of difficulties in a correct way will_we_achieve_our_dreams. (2015湖南高考写作)不可否认，只有我们以正确的方式处理和克服大量的困难我们才会实现我们的梦想。 名师指津(1)“only从句”放在句首时，倒装的是主句，从句不倒装。(2)only 放在句首修饰主语时不用倒装。Only a few of the children havent yet got a chance of being educated.仍有少数儿童未得到受教育的机会。6the first time引导时间状语从句I felt bad the_first_time I talked to a group.第一次给旅行团作讲解时，我的心情很不好。有类似用法的词语还有：(1)each/every time每次的时候next time 下次时the last time 上次时一就The_first_time_he_met_the_girl he was struck by her wisdom and fell in love with her.他第一次遇到这个女孩就被她的睿智所打动并爱上了她。Every/Each_time_I_see_the_old_man in the park, he is absorbed in reading newspapers.每次我在公园里看到这位老人时，他都在专注地看报。名师指津the first time 表示“第一次”，在句中可作宾语、表语，还可以用作连词，引导时间状语从句。for the first time 表示“第一次”，独立作状语，不引导从句。He became interested in the young teachers lesson the_first_time he attended his class.He was so excited in class for_the_first_time.他第一次上课时就对这位年轻老师的课感兴趣。他第一次上课这么兴奋。.单句语法填空1You cant imagine the trouble I had helping (help) him out.2In time we reached a stage where we had more young readers than old ones.3After many failures, he finally set up his own pany.4Nobody seems to understand. I dont know who to turn to.5The thief was_sentenced (sentence) to five months in prison because he stole things in a shop when he was out of work.单句改错1It was in the year 2015 that he came power as the governor of this province.came后加to2The boy lost his heart when he knew he failed the exam again.去掉his3I fell in love with the city for the first time I visited it.去掉for4The boss in which pany Mr King worked heard about the accident.whichwhose5He pretends to understand, but as matter of fact he doesnt.as后加a.根据提示词和相关要求补全句子1这是一个没有收音机、没有电话，也没有电视的时期。(This is a time when)This_was_a_time_when_there_were_no_radios,_no telephones or no TV sets.2只有在那时我才意识到与所有的朋友脱离关系，从不与他们联系是多么傻。(only引起的倒装句)Only_then_did_I_realize_that it was foolish of me to break away from all of my friends and never contact them. 3我第一次在会议厅演讲时非常紧张。(the first time)I was very nervous the_first_time_I_gave_a_speech_in_the_meeting_hall. 4当他的亲戚朋友向他求助时，他总是乐于帮助他们。(turn to, be willing to do sth.)When his relatives and friends_turn_to_him_for_help,_he is_always_willing_to give them a hand.5这座古庙见证了过去二百年里这个村庄的巨大变迁。(see)The_old_temple_has_seen_great_changes_of_the_village in the past two hundred years.句型转换1I realized knowledge is valuable only when I had another failure in my jobseeking.Only when I had another failure in my jobseeking did_I_realize knowledge is valuable.It_was_only_when_I_had_another_failure_in_my_jobseeking_that I realized knowledge is valuable.(强调句型)2The government came to power two years ago.The government has_been_in_power for two years.三、过语法、写作(一)单元小语法定语从句().单句语法填空1The reason for which she changed her mind is quite clear.2The days when they travelled together meant a lot to him.3I saw a house, the windows of which were broken.4She has two sons, both of whom graduated from Harvard University.5Nobody knows the reason for which she didnt attend the meeting.6We went through a period when munications were very difficult in the rural areas.7The children, all of whom had played the whole day long, were worn out.8We visited the car factory where my uncle once worked three years ago.9This is the factory that/which I visited last year.10The old man has two sons, and both of them are doctors.用定语从句补全下列句子1他不能到那里去的原因是他卧病在床。The reason why_he_could_not_go_there was that he was ill in bed.2我们生活在许多事情可以在电脑上做的时代。We are living in an age when_many_things_are_done on puter.3毕业以后，他回到那个他长大的小镇上。After graduation he returned to the small town where/in_which_he_grew_up.4我不喜欢你跟你父母讲话的方式。I dont like the way that/in_which_you_speak_to_your_parents.5那间在大火中被毁坏的屋子已经被重新修好了。The house which_was_destroyed_in_the_terrible_fire has been repaired.(二)课堂微写作练扩写让意蕴更丰满题目要求今天是国际妇女节。英语课上老师要求你用英文介绍一名对你有深刻影响的女性。要点如下：1她对你的影响；2你想对她说的话。请把下面短文扩写成100词左右的文章。Today is International Womens Day. Id like to introduce to you a woman who has a positive effect on me. The great woman is my mother. She works hard at work and takes good care of my father and me in life. Here, I really want to say something to my dear mother. Ive grown up and Im able to share what happens in life with her. Best wishes to my mom and all of you!Thank you!答案示例Today_is_International_Womens_Day._Id_like_to_introduce_to_you_a_woman_who_has_a_positive_effect_on_me._The_great_woman_is_my_mother._Since_my_childhood,_she_has_been_teaching_me_what_life_is._Not_
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