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Unit 2 Cloning一、阅读理解。Sometimes, you just cant help it. Maybe youre watching a sad movie, or thinking about the friend who moved away. Next thing you know, theres a lump in your throat, your eyes are watering, and you have tears running down your cheeks. A professor of psychology at Tilburg University, in the Netherlands,has studied crying.According to Vingerhoets, therere three types of tears. Basal tears are the first type. They act as a protective barrier between the eye and the rest of the world.Next are reflex tears. They wash your eyes clean when something gets in them. Finally, therere emotional tears. “These are released in response to emotional states,” explains Vingerhoets. Scientists believe crying has something to do with how humans developed and learned to depend on each other. “Humans are very plex social creatures,” says Lauren Bylsma, a professor from Pittsburgh University, in Pennsylvania. “It seems that tears can make them get help and support from others.” She says another reason why we weep is that humans have the longest developmental period of almost any animal. It takes a long time to grow up. Vingerhoets agrees. “I think that the reason why humans shed(流出)emotional tears has to do with our prolonged(延长的) childhood,” he says. “Thats the time when were still dependent on adults for love,protection and care. The major advantage of tears is that you can target them at a specific person.” Vingerhoets says this ability could have e in handy in prehistoric times, when humans were living among dangerous animals. Loud crying could attract predators(捕食者). Tears were a safer way to get attention. “In this case, its better to use a silent signal to ask for help,” he says. Vingerhoets and Bylsma do frequent studies to better understand why humans cry.1.The tears mentioned in Paragraph 1 should belong to _.A.basal tearsB.reflex tearsC.happy tearsD.emotional tears2.What is Vingerhoets attitude to the effects of tears?A.Passive.B.Positive.C.Doubtful.D.Indifferent.3.The underlined phrase of “a silent signal” probably refers to _.A.a written languageB.predatorsC.tearsD.loud crying4.What is the best title of the text?A.Types of TearsB.Precious TearsC.Secrets of TearsD.On Tears参考答案： 1.D; 2.B; 3.C; 4.C解析： 1.推理判断题。根据第二段Finally, therere emotional tears. “These are released in response to emotional states,” explains Vingerhoets.可推断出,第一段提到的泪水属于emotional tears。2.态度判断题。根据倒数第二段可知其实文中这两位科学都认为泪水有好处,即积极看待眼泪。3.词义猜测题。根据文中划线前Tears were a safer way to get attention.的叙述可知,在这种情况下(在史前时期人类大声哭泣会引来危险的动物),最好用这种“无声的信号”来寻求帮助。因此这种无声的信号就是前面所指的“眼泪”。4.标题归纳题。文章从科学研究的角度对眼泪的种类、哭的原因等做了科学的分析,揭示了眼泪不为人知的秘密。故该项用作文章的标题最佳。二、单句语法填空1His efforts to raise money for his program were _ vain because no one showed any intention to take a cent out of their pockets.答案：in2The new clothes in that shop are so beautiful that Anna cannot resist_ (take) a close look at them, although she cannot afford them at present.答案：taking3The students are forbidden, unless they have special passes, _ (stay) out after 11 pm.答案：to stay4This is only an _ (assume) that they wont spend too much on the decoration of the house.答案：assumption5Liu Lei insisted that he merely did what everybody would have done and strongly objected to_ (call) a hero.答案：being called6Not having prepared well, you are bound _ (suffer) great losses in the mercial trade.答案：to suffer7The project _ (undertake) by the young engineer on his own turned out to be very successful.答案：undertaken8Why bother _ (go) abroad to study, when there are so many good universities at home?答案：going/to go9I wasnt blaming anyone; I _ (mere) said errors like this could be avoided.答案：merely10(2018四川自贡一诊)Greatly _ (strike) by the beauty of the language, I thought how even today Shakespeares writing remains powerful and true.答案：struck三、完形填空。My parents owned a 500-acre farm in Montana when I was young. Life there was filled not just with fun and games but1as well. The lambing season was especially hard. Montanas freezing spring weather kept my parents watching2mamas at all hours of the day and night3a newborn lamb. It was during this time of new life that my favorite childhood memory took place. One exceptionally4day, my mother spied a sheep trying to 5 her baby lamb and needed our 6. My mother calmly held the sheeps head and7me to get hold of the lambs protruding(伸出的) legs. I 8and must have had a look of panic on my face. The little things were9not something I wanted to touch. But I10my courage and wrapped my fingers 11them. I can still remember the12of the unexpectedly delicate legs. My heart beat in fear and excitement 13 I pulled with all my strength. The lamb was delivered! I was no14to seeing farm animals being born, but to have a15 in it was something I will cherish forever. Im sure everyone got very16hearing me tell and retell my heroic story. Looking back, Im so glad that I didnt17to get my hands dirty. If I had, the miraculous moment and the precious memory would have been18. I try to instill(逐渐灌输) that life 19 into my children. Sometimes you need to get your hands a little dirty to experience something 20 and pure. 【文章大意】本文作者主要回顾了小时候在农场帮母亲给羊接生的故事及感想。1. A. pleasureB. dangerC. dilemmaD. hardship【解析】选D。根据下文的“The lambing season was especially hard”可推知, 农场的生活既充满乐趣也有艰辛。pleasure 乐趣; danger危险; dilemma 进退两难的境地; hardship艰难。故选D。2. A. pregnantB. workingC. desperateD. sleeping【解析】选A。 结合下文的“a newborn lamb”可推知, 应选A项, 意为“怀孕的”。3. A. at the risk ofB. in case ofC. free fromD. in exchange for【解析】选B。根据语境可推知, 作者的父母当时日夜看护着怀孕的母羊以防有新羊羔诞生。at the risk of 冒风险; in case of以防; free from免受; in exchange for交换。故选B。4. A. warmB. coldC. mildD. hot【解析】选B。与上文的“Montanas freezing spring weather”呼应可知, 此处表示“非常冷的(cold)一天”。5. A. cureB. deliverC. hurtD. fort【解析】选B。由上文中父母看护怀孕的母羊可知此处应为“生产”。后文The lamb was delivered呼应此句。6. A. noticeB. supportC. helpD. operation【解析】选C。根据语境可知, 妈妈在照看即将生产的羊, 并需要我们的帮助(help)。7. A. beggedB. invitedC. forbadeD. instructed【解析】选D。根据语境可推知, 当时母亲在指导作者如何帮助羊生产。beg乞求; invite邀请; forbid 禁止; instruct指导。故选D。8. A. wonderedB. resistedC. suspectedD. hesitated【解析】选D。结合语境“and must have had a look of panic on my face”可推知, 作者当时有些惊慌失措, 所以犹豫了。wonder 惊奇; resist 抵制; suspect 怀疑; hesitate犹豫。故选D。9. A. surelyB. hardlyC. onlyD. hopefully【解析】选A。根据下文的转折可推知, 年幼的作者当时肯定(surely)是不想去触碰正在出生的小羊的。故选A。10. A. lostB. gatheredC. searchedD. lacked【解析】选B。根据上文的“The little things were _not something I wanted to touch”不敢触碰, 然后转折可知此处表示作者鼓起勇气。gather courage在此表示鼓起勇气, 符合语境。11. A. beyondB. throughC. aroundD. in【解析】选C。根据“wrapped”可知, 作者当时手握着新生羊羔的腿。wrap sth. around sth. 为固定用法。12. A. feelB. pointC. sightD. thought【解析】选A。根据下文的“delicate legs”可推知, 此处表示的是触感(feel), 与上文的“touch”呼应。13. A. becauseB. asC. ifD. unless【解析】选B。此处表示当作者用尽力气帮助母羊接生时, 作者感到既害怕又兴奋。as意为“当时候”, 引导时间状语从句。14. A. strangerB. beginnerC. newerD. speaker【解析】选A。此处表示看农场上的动物出生对作者来说并不陌生。stranger 陌生人; beginner 初学者; newer 新来的人; speaker演讲者。故选A。15. A. memoryB. handC. lookD. difference【解析】选B。但是亲自参与接生这件事作者将会永远珍视。have a hand in sth. 意为“参与某事”。16. A. proud ofB. excited aboutC. tired ofD. sorry for【解析】选C。根据“tell and retell”可推知, 作者反复地讲自己的英雄事迹, 自然会让人觉得厌烦。此处为作者用诙谐的口吻叙事。proud of 对自豪; excited about 对激动; tired of 对厌烦; sorry for对抱歉。故选C。17. A. refuseB. promiseC. chooseD. pause【解析】选A。根据上文可知, 作者当时没有拒绝帮羊接生, 这让作者感到高兴。refuse 拒绝。18. A. keptB. lostC. ignoredD. forgotten【解析】选B。由上文的“my favorite childhood memory”和“but to have a _in it was something I will cherish forever”可知, 如果作者没有给羊接生, 那么作者就得不到这些珍贵的记忆, 也就是失去(lost)。19. A. qualityB. skillC. lessonD. standard【解析】选C。很明显, 作者想给孩子们灌输这一人生经验(lesson)。20. A. upsetB. funnyC. thrillingD. amazing【解析】选D。由上文的“the miraculous moment and the precious memory”并结合空后的“and pure”可推知, 作者认为有时人们需要“把手变脏”来经历一些“精彩和纯净的事”。upset心烦的; funny有趣的; thrilling 刺激的; amazing令人惊奇的。故选D。四、单句改错1A disadvantage of copying others homework is what you cannot master what you have learned._ 答案：第一个whatthat2Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday?Yeah, but I have no idea that he did it; thats one of his favourite universities._ 答案：第二个thatwhy3It suddenly struck to me that we ought to make a new plan._ 答案：去掉第一个to或struckoccurred4(2018湖南三校联考)You can go swimming in condition that you dont go too far from the river bank._ 答案：inon5This morning my grandpa wrote his doctor a letter saying that he owes to her that he is still alive._ 答案：在owes后加it五、单元语法同位语从句1(2018武汉武昌区调研)Last term，I couldnt accept the truth _ I failed in my math examination.答案：that2(2018天津十二区县联考)There is a strong possibility _ man will mainly depend on solar energy in the future.答案：that3(2018江西九江模拟)There is a popular view _ in city strangers are less likely to help an elderly person.答案：that4The question _ we should continue to do the experiment has not been answered yet.答案：whether5I have no idea _ the cellphone isnt working, so could you fix it for me?答案：why
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