2019-2020年高一英语 高效课堂 B1M3预习学案 外研版.doc

2019-2020年高一英语 高效课堂 B1M3预习学案 外研版翻译下列各词条。be in the aira) There was a sense of excitement in the air.b) Change is in the air.be up in the airOur trip is still very much up in the air. be on/off (the) air Well be on air in three minutes. take off1. He sat on the bed to take his boots off. 2. I felt quite excited as the plane took off from Heathrow. 3. Mimi became jealous when Jacks career started taking off . 4. take time off (work/school) I rang my boss and arranged to take some time off. take a day/the afternoon etc off Dad took the day off to e with me. 5. They are taking 50% off all goods in that shop.6. He took off for the station at a run.refer to sb/sth1.We agreed never to refer to the matter again. + as He likes to be referred to as Doctor Khee. + by The hospital now refers to patients by name, not case number. 2. He gave the speech without referring to his notes.3. The figures refer to our sales in Europe. 4 refer sb/sth to sb to send someone or something to a person or organization to be helped or dealt with 把某人介绍给某人/把某事物交给某人: My doctor is referring me to a dermatologist. 我的医生介绍我去看皮肤科医生。My plaint was referred to the manufacturers. 我的投诉已转交给制造商。5. Readers are referred to the passages for further information.distance1. I saw some smoke in the distance.2. The picture looks better at a distance.3. I heard a cry from a distance.4. My parents live ,within walking distance of me.5. The Arab who is friendly will stand close to his friend, but the Englishman will move back in order to keep a certain distance away.GRAMMARA. 过去分词是非谓语动词的一种形式,表示完成和被动的动作。它在句子中可以充当表语、定语等成份。下面仅谈其作定语和表语的用法。 一、过去分词作定语 过去分词作定语有前置和后置两种情况。 1、前置定语 单个的过去分词作定语,通常放在被修饰的名词之前,表示被动和完成意义。 A类:被动意义: anhonoredguest一位受尊敬的客人 Theinjuredworkersarenowbeingtakengoodcareofinthehospital. 受伤的工人现正在医院受到良好的照料。 B类:完成意义: aretiredteacher一位退休的教师 Theyarecleaningthefallenleavesintheyard. 他们正在打扫院子里的落叶。 2、后置定语 过去分词短语作定语时,通常放在被修饰的名词之后,它的作用相当于一个定语从句。如:Thiswillbethebestnovelofitskindeverwritten(=thathaseverbeenwritten). 这将是这类小说中写得最好的。 Whoweretheso-calledguestsinvited(=whohadbeeninvited)toyourpartylastnight? 昨晚被邀请参加你的晚会的那些所谓的客人是谁呀? 二、过去分词作表语 作表语的过去分词主要来自及物动词,在主-系-表句型中,说明主语所处的一种状态。其中系动词有包括be在内的多种形式。如: Youseemfrightened. 你看样子受了惊吓。 少数不及物动词(如go,e,set)的过去分词也能作表语,但它们不表示被动意义,只是表示动作完成。如: Theyaregoneforvacation. 他们度假去了。 注意:要区别“系动词+过去分词(系表结构)”和“系动词+过去分词(被动语态)”。如: A.Thelibraryisnowclosed. 图书馆现在关门了。 B.Thelibraryisclosedatsix. 图书馆经常在六点钟关门。 说明:作表语用的过去分词表示主语的特点或所处的状态,强调主谓关系。这种结构中的过去分词前可加quite,very,rather等修饰词。系动词可有多种,表示不同的意义;被动语态表示动作,强调动宾关系,绝大多数被动结构中的行为执行者还可以用by短语来表示。，,我们不难看出在上面两句中,A句是系表结构,B句是被动语态。从A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1. Most of the artists _ to the party were from South Africa. (MET 1990)A. invited B. to inviteC. being invited D. had been invited2. The puter center, _last year, is very popular among the students in this school. (NMET 1993)A. open B. openingC. having opened D. opened3. Cleaning women in big cities usually get _ by the hour.(NMET 1998)A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay4.How do you deal with the disagreement between the pany and the customers?The key _ the problem is to meet the demand _ by the customers. (北京2002)A. to solving; makingB. to solving; madeC. to solve; makingD. to solve; made5. Dont use words, expressions, or phrases _ only to people with specific knowledge.(上海2002)A. being known B. having been knownC. to be known D. knownKey: 1-5 ADCBDB. 过去分词作定语与所修饰的词之间有两种关系:从时间上讲,表示动作已经完成;从语态上讲,表示被动的概念。分词作定语有两种形式：它可以放在被修饰的名词之前,称为前置定语；有的放在被修饰的名词之后,称为后置定语。(1) 前置定语:单个过去分词及由过去分词构成的复合形容词作定语时,通常置于被修饰词之前。如:the developed countries发达国家; well-trained policemen训练有素的警察 man-made satellites人造卫星;invited people 被邀请的人 We only sell used books.我们只卖用过的书。(2) 后置定语:当单个过去分词及由过去分词修饰代词时,需置于被修饰词之后;过去分词短语作定语要后置。如:Dont use words, expressions or phrases known only to people with specific knowledge. 不要运用只有具有特别知识的人才能懂的词汇和表达方式。 The bridge built last month needs repairing.上个月建造的那座桥需要修理。(3)部分过去分词作定语有的既可前置也可后置，意义不变,但部分过去分词置于被修饰词前后的位置不同,则意义也不相同。如:All the broken windows have been repaired. =All the windows broken have been repaired. 所有坏了的窗户已经修理好了。 an adopted child 收养的孩子;a plan adopted 被采纳的方案(4)分词短语作定语必须置于被修饰词之后,相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。如: The first textbooks written for teaching as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. = The first textbooks that(which)were written for teaching as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. The Olympic Games, first held in 776 BC, did not include women petitors until1912. = The Olympic Games, which were first held in 776 BC, did not include women petitors until 1912.? The man, having been disturbed so badly, almost lost his memory. = The man, who had been disturbed so badly, almost lost his memory. 由于被严重困扰,这个人几乎失去了记忆。(5)完成体的分词一般不作定语,若要表达完成意义最好用定语从句。如:我们一般不说:The girl having won the race is my desk mate. 而常这样说:The girl who has won the race is my desk mate.(6)一些不及物动词的过去分词作定语时在意义上只表完成不表被动。如: 表示被动也表示完成:the question discussed yesterday 昨天讨论的问题;the broken glass 碎了的杯子; the person killed last year去年被杀的人 只表示完成,不表示被动:newly-arrived goods新到的货;fallen leaves落叶;faded flowers凋谢的花1. Travelling at a speed over 400 kilometres per hour, the train can plete the 30-kilometre journey in eight minutes. 火车以每小时400多公里的时速前进,在8分钟内就完成了30公里的路程。 C. 过去分词在句子中可作表语、定语、状语、补语（主补、宾补）等。下面就过去分词作宾补的用法作一总结。 一、能够接过去分词作宾补的动词有以下三类： 1. 表示感觉或心理状态的动词。如：see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, feel, notice, think等。(1) I heard the song sung in English. 我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌。(2)He found his hometown greatly changed. 他发现他的家乡变化很大。 2. 表示“致使”意义的动词。如：have, make, get, keep, leave等。(3)Ill have my hair cut tomorrow.明天我要理发。(4)He got his tooth pulled out yesterday. 他昨天把牙拔了。(5)Dont leave those things undone.要把那些事情做完。 3. 表示“希望”、“要求”意义的动词。如：like, order, want, wish等。(6)I would like this matter settled at once. 我希望此事立刻得到解决。(7)I wish my homework finished before five oclock. 我希望5点前完成我的作业。 二、过去分词作宾补表示的意义。 1. 过去分词作宾补表示被动关系，其动作先于谓语动作。如例句(1)，过去分词sung的动作显然先于谓语动作heard；例句(2)，过去分词changed的动作显然先于谓语动作found。 2. 过去分词作宾补时，过去分词所表示的动作一定和宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系。如例句(4)，动宾关系是pull out his tooth；例句(6)，动宾关系是settle this matter。 三、过去分词作宾补时，要注意几种情况。 1. 使役动词have接过去分词作宾补有两种情况。 第一，过去分词所表示的动作由他人完成。如：He had his money stolen.他的钱给偷了。（被别人偷去了） 第二，过去分词所表示的动作由句中的主语所经历。如：He had his leg broken.他的腿断了。（自己的经历） 2. 过去分词在原句中作宾补时，如果原句变为被动语态，那么过去分词就在新句中作主补了。如：The big fire is reported controlled.据报道这场大火已经得到控制。The meeting room was found thouroughly cleaned and everything arranged in good order.人们发现会议室被彻底打扫了，一切都布置得井井有条。