中考英语专题复习复合句宾语从句(共31张PPT).ppt

复合句宾语从句 复合句 概念复合句也称主从句 即主句和从句 从句须有引导词或叫连词引出 否则复合句不成立 由于连词既起连接主句和从句的作用 表明主从句之间的关系 还在从句中充当一定的成份 有一定的意义 故复合句中的连词常成为考查的焦点 初中阶段复合句1 宾语从句2 状语从句3 定语从句 宾语从句 在及物动词的后面可以接一个名词来充当宾语 如 Iknowtheman 而这时也可以用一个句子来充当宾语 如 Iknowthatthemanisapoliceman 主句 从句 引导词 中考对宾语从句的考查主要集中在以下几个方面 1 引导宾语从句的连词和代词选择 2 宾语从句的语序 3 宾语从句的时态 一 宾语从句的种类 1 由that引导的宾语从句 that只有语法作用 没有实在的意义 在口语和非正式文体中可以省略 例如 Hesaid that hewantedtostayathome Shedoesn tknow that sheisseriouslyill Iamsure that hewillsucceed 2 由连接代词who whom whose what which和连接副词when where why how引导的宾语从句 这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分 例如 Doyouknowwho whom theyarewaitingfor Heaskedwhosehandwritingwasthebest CanyoutellmewheretheNo 3busstopis Idon tknowwhythetrainislate 3 由if或whether引导的宾语从句 If和whether在句中的意思是 是否 例如 Iwanttoknowif whether helivesthere Heaskedmewhether if Icouldhelphim 注意一下情况只用whether 不用if whether引导的从句常可以与连词or或ornot直接连用 如 正 Letmeknowwhetheryoucancomeornot 误 Letmeknowifyoucancomeornot 2 当宾语从句提到句首时 只能用whether引导 如 正 Whetheritistrueornot Ican ttell 误 Ifitistrueornot Ican ttell 3 whether可以引导带to的不定式 如 正 Idon tknowwhethertoacceptorrefuse 误 Idon tknowiftoacceptorrefuse 4 whether及其引导的成分可放于介词之后 作介词的宾语 如 正 IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeelings 误 IworryaboutifIhurtherfeelings 二 宾语从句的语序 宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序 例如 Ihear that physicsisn teasy Ithink that youwilllikethisschoolsoon CanyoutellmehowIcangettozoo Pleasetellmewhenwe llhavethemeeting 三 宾语从句的时态 1 如果主句的时态是一般现在时 宾语从句该用什么时态就用什么时态 如 Idon tthink that youareright Pleasetelluswhereheis CanyoutellmehowIcangettotherailwaystation 2 如果主句的时态是一般过去时 宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态 一般过去时 过去进行时 过去将来时 过去完成时 例如 Heaskedwhattimeitwas Hetoldmethathewaspreparingforthesportsmeet HeaskedifyouhadwrittentoPeter HesaidthathewouldgobacktotheU S soon 3 如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理 其时态常用一般现在时 例如 OurteachersaidthatJanuaryisthefirstmonthoftheyear Scientistshaveprovedthattheearthturnsaroundthesun 如何改为宾语从句 A 三关1 引导词关 陈述句 引导词用that that在口语或非正式文体中常省略 一般疑问句 引导词用if whether 特殊疑问句 引导词用由疑问词转换而来的疑问代词 副词 2 语序关 陈述句变为宾语从句 语序不变 即仍用陈述语序 如 Heisanhonestboy Theteachersaid Theteachersaid that hewasanhonestboy 一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句 语序变为陈述语序 如 Doesheworkhard Iwonder Iwonderif whetherheworkshard Whendidheleave Idon tknow Idon tknowwhenheleft 注意 有些疑问句本身就是陈述语序1 Whowentthereyesterday Marywantedtoknow Marywantedtoknowwhowentthereyesterday 2 What sthematterwiththeclock Hewondered Hewonderedwhatwasthematterwiththeclock 3 时态关 如果主句是现在的时态 从句的时态可根据实际情况而定 如 Ihaveheard that hewillcomebacknextweek 如果主句是过去的某种时态 那么从句的时态一定要用过去的某种时态 如 Hesaid that therewerenoclassesyesterday 注意 如果宾语从句表述的是客观真理 自然现象等时 不管主句是什么时态 从句都要用一般现在时 如 Hesaidthatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound B 人称的变化和标点的使用1 从句的主语如果是第一人称 变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致 如果是第二人称 则与主句的宾语一致 如果是第三人称 不用变化 如 MayIuseyourknife Heaskedme Heaskedmeifhemightusemyknife Doyouknowhertelephonenumber Heaskedme HeaskedmeifIknewhertelephonenumber 2 宾语从句的标点均由主句决定 主句是陈述句 用句号 主句是疑问句 用问号 如 Whowillgiveusatalk Idon tknow Idon tknowwhowillgiveusatalk Doyouknow Wheredoeshelive Doyouknowwherehelives 其他问题 A if和when既能引导时间状语从句 又能引导宾语从句 因此 遇到它们就要认真分析一下 如 Ifitrainstomorrow Iwon tcome 时间状语从句 Idon tknowifitwillraintomorrow 宾语从句 if表示 如果 要是 if表示 是否 B 从句的简化1 当主句谓语动词是find see watch hear等感官动词时 从句常简化为 宾语 宾补 结构 宾补为不带to的不定式或V ing形式 如 Shefoundthatthewalletlayontheground Shefoundthewalletlieontheground Shefoundthatthewalletwaslyingontheground Shefoundthewalletlyingontheground 2 当主句谓语动词是hope wish decide forget plan agree等 且主句主语与从句主语相同时 从句可简化为不定式结构 如 Sheagreedthatshecouldhelpmewithmymaths Sheagreedtohelpmewithmymaths 3 在连接代词 副词引导的宾语从句中 当从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语一致时 宾语从句可简化为 连接代词 副词 不定式 结构 如 CanyoutellmehowIcangettothestation Canyoutellmehowtogettothestation 将下面的句子连接成为含有宾语从句的复合句 1 TheseflowersarefromGuangdong Hesaid Hesaid theseflowers fromGuangdong 2 Lighttravelsfasterthansound Myteachertoldme Myteachertoldme light fasterthansound those were that travels 3 Therewillbeameetinginfivedays Jackdidn tknow Jackdidn tknow there ameetinginfivedays 4 CantheyspeakFrench Iwanttoknow Iwanttoknow French that would be if they can speak 5 Arethechildrenplayinggames Tellme Tellme thechildren games 6 Haveyoufinishedyourhomeworkyet Mr ZhaoaskedMaChaoMr ZhaoaskedMaChao homeworkyet if are playing whether he had finished his 7 Howmanypeoplecanyouseeinthepicture Whoknows Whoknows inthepicture 8 Wheredidsheparkhercar Doyouknow Doyouknow hercar how many people we can see where she park 9 Whatdoesheoftentalkabout Thegirlwondered Thegirlwondered often about 10 Whoknockedatthedoorsoloudly Idon tknow Idon tknow atthedoorsoloudly what he talked who knocked 11 Doeshestillliveinthatstreet Idon tknow Idon tknow hestill inthatstreet 12 What shisname Iaskedhim Iaskedhimwhat if lives what his name was 13 Whendoesthetrainarrive Pleasetellme Pleasetellme 14 Dotheywantfriedchicken Heaskedtheboys Heaskedtheboys they friedchicken 15 WasthewatchmadeinShanghai Idon tknow Idon tknow thewatch madeinShanghai when the train arrives whether wanted whether was