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2019-2020年牛津译林版高中英语必修五Unit 3Science and natureword学案单元视窗Wordlist clone klun vt.克隆 n.克隆出来的动物或植物 * embryo embriu n.胚胎 on the one handon the other hand 一方面另一方面tissue tiu: n. (生物的)组织;纸巾 toy with戏弄,摆弄;把当作儿戏 real-life adj真实的,现实生活中的 * monster mnst n.怪物 exact igzkt adj.精确的,准确的 cell sel n.细胞;小隔间;电池 * mammal mml n.哺乳动物 * Scottish skti adj.苏格兰的 intention intenn n.意图,目的;企图 anxiety zaiti n.忧虑,焦虑,不安 saleswoman seilzwumn n.女售货员, 女推销员 adopt dpt vt.收养,领养;采用,采纳 legal li:gl adj.法律许可的,合法的 push ahead with义无反顾地进行, 努力推进 * Italian itlinadj.意大利的 n.意大利人;意大利语physician fizin n.医师;内科医生 goat gut n.山羊 consequence knsikwns n.结果,后果 harvest h:vist vt. & vi.收割(庄稼) n.收获;收成for sale供出售,待销售 transform trnsf:m vt.使改变外观或性质 (尤指向好的方向) ; 使改变形态 concept knsept n.概念;观念 crime kraim n.罪,罪行 fellow felu n.男子,家伙;同事,同类 profession prfen n.职业,行业 radiationreidiein n.辐射,放射线 breakthrough breikru: n.突破 original ridnl adj.原来的,起初的; 首创的;非复制的 judgement ddmnt n.判断力;看法, 评价; (法律)判决 be/ get burnt out耗尽体力,累垮 relation rilein n.关系;亲戚 public relations n.公共关系 follow in ones footsteps效仿某人 conduct kndkt vt.实施;指挥乐队majority mdriti n.多数,大多数 summary smri n.总结;概括,概要 consideration knsidrein n.仔细考虑; 必须考虑的因素;体谅,顾及 take. into consideration认真考虑 hunger hg n.饥饿;饥荒 tasty teisti adj.美味的,可口的 nutrition nju:trin n.营养 ordinary :dinri adj.普通的,一般的 reliable rilaibl adj.可信赖的,可依靠的 accurate kjurt adj.准确的,精确的 brief bri:f adj.短时间的,短暂的; 简洁的,简单的actual ktul adj.真实的,实际的 confirm knf:m vt. & vi.证实,证明; 确认;使确信 agriculture griklt n.农业 channel tnl n.水道;航道;隧道 favour feiv n.赞同,支持;恩惠, 帮助;偏爱,偏袒 in favour of赞同,支持 point of view n.观点 catastrophe ktstrfi n.灾难,灾祸 * resource ris:s n.资源 acre eik n.英亩 rainforest n.雨林 income inkm n.收入,收益 * genetics dinetiks n.遗传学 frighten fraitn vt.使惊吓,使惊恐 * genetically dnetkladj. 从基因上, 与基因相关 * modify mdifai vt.调整,修改;修饰 genetically modified转基因的 insert ins:t vt.插入,嵌入 * DNA n.脱氧核糖核酸 (deoxyribonucleic acid缩写)pest pest n.害虫 profit prfit n.利润,收益 vi. & vt.获益;对有用chain tein n.一系列;一连串(人或事) food chain n.食物链 permission pmin n.准许,许可,批准把你没有记牢的挑出来，好好滴记住哦！The perfect copyFocus Scientists have announced that they have cloned the first human embryo. This has caused much debate round the world. On the one hand, some scientists point out that if you clone an embryo, you can produce valuable human tissuessuch as bone or lung tissuethat could be used to save human lives. On the other hand, many people, including some scientists, disagree and are afraid that, if mankind toys with nature in this way, we may be on our way to producing a real-life Frankensteins monster. Cloning is producing an exact copy of a plant or an animal using its cells. The first mammal to be cloned successfully from an adult cell was Dolly the sheep. She was born in 1996 and died in early 2003, at a much younger age than normal. When she was born, many people were worried that cloning would lead to more diseases in the animal world. However, in general the scientists were praised for their wonderful scientific advance. Ian Wilnut, the Scottish scientist who created Dolly, is shocked that some scientists are now considering cloning human beings. Although he researches cloning, his intention has never been to create copies of humans. Instead, he thinks research efforts should concentrate on creating new tissues and organs that can be used to cure diseases like cancer. However, some people believe that cloning human embryos with the intention of destroying them shows no respect for human life. Even though human cloning is causing a lot of anxiety, it is good news for Faye Wilson, a 41-year-old saleswoman who cannot have a baby. I am anxious to have a child of my own, she says. I dont want to adopt someone elses childif I had the chance, I would have a cloned baby right now. While cloning human embryos is not legal in many countries, some scientists are already pushing ahead with research in order to produce a cloned human baby. Severino Antinori, an Italian physician, has declared that he wants to be the first to clone a human being. In China, scientists have focused their efforts on cloning animals, as well as cloned tissues to be used in medical treatment. China has succeeded in producing clones of cows and goats, and continues to research ways in which cloning can benefit mankind.Dear Editor, I believe that human cloning is wrong. If we toy with nature, we will have to deal with the consequences. Who knows what could happen? Human life would just become a crop to be harvested or a product for sale. The human race is using up Earths natural wealth. We should be having fewer babies in order to reduce Earths population, not cloning more. I feel sorry for the lady who cannot have a baby, but I would like to point out that there are many children in the world with no parents who would be delighted to have a mother. Pauline CarterDear Editor, I would like to comment on your article The perfect copy. I think the scientific advances mentioned in your article are fantastic. I am in complete agreement with human cloning. After all, scientists have been challenging moral ideas for centuries. Why should we stop them now? On a personal note, cloning would totally transform my life. Seven years ago, my 10-year-old daughter died of heart failure. She was beautiful, cheerful and bright. I miss her every single day. If I had the chance, I would clone her immediately so that I could be with her again.Colin JakeFirst period Listen and learn: Listen to the wordlist and try to learn the words and phrases by heart.Step 1: Step 2: Personal showTask 1: Give the following words Chinese meaningconsequence n.harvest vt. & vi. n. transform vt.concept n. breakthrough n.conduct vt. nutrition n.reliable adj. brief adj.confirm vt. & vi. Task 2: Translate the following words戏弄,摆弄;把当作儿戏n.意图,目的;企图vt.收养,领养;采用,采纳adj.法律许可的,合法的义无反顾地进行, 努力推进效仿某人n.总结;概括,概要n.资源n.仔细考虑; 必须考虑的因素;体谅,顾及n.利润,收益 vi. & vt.获益;对有用 Step 3: Text reading Listen to the text and then finish the following sentencesTask: Task-based reading阅读课文, 完成下表。注意：一空一词Para. 1 Different opinions on the first human embryo 1. _For: Human embryo cloning can produce valuable tissues2. _ bone or lung tissuethat could be used to 3. _ human lives. Against: We may be on the way to producing a real-life Frankensteins 4._. Para. 2 Different opinions on the birth of 5. _For: People 6. _ scientists for the scientific breakthrough.Against: Cloning would create more 7._. Para. 35Ian Wilmuts intentionSeverion Antinoris intentionResearch efforts should be 8. _ on creating new tissues and organs for medical use. Cloning human embryos with the intention of destroying them shows no 9. _ for human life.To be the first to clone a human being.Para. 6 Chinese scientists have focused their efforts on cloning 10. _, as well as cloned tissues to be used in medical treatment.They have succeeded in cloning cows and goats. Homework: 1. Read the text 2. Try to recite the sentences in step 3-Task 1Second period Step 1: Personal show Write down the words according to yourself. Step 2: Language focus 1. intended adj. (为打算的/设计的 intention n.意图；目的；企图 知识探究：My brother intends to study abroad next year. 我弟弟打算明年到国外留学。He went to Paris with the intention of learning/ to learn French. 他到巴黎是为了学法语。I have no intention of going to the wedding. 我无意去参加婚礼。The course is intended for intermediate students. 这个课程是为中等水平的学生开设的。The dictionary is intended for children. 这本字典是给小孩用的。His parents intended him to study abroad. 他的父母想让他去国外学习。归纳整理：题练落实：1. Small children dont like books that are _ for adults. A. promised B. permitted C. admitted D. intended 2. -I thought you and Peter were going for a bike ride. -_, but the front wheel of my bike is bent and I havent had it fixed. A. We intended to B. Im sorryC. Well, we went D. She was, and I wont 3. In the park, the number of visitors is tightly _ to avoid damaging the environment or putting stress on the animals. A. limitedB. encouraged C. expectedD. intended4. She _ to catch the early train, but she didnt get up in time. A. intendedB. was intended C. had intendedD. was intending联想拓宽：without intention无意地 by intention故意地 with good intention善意地，诚意地 点津： had intended to do sth.指本来打算做某事而没有做; intend后接宾语从句时其谓语形式应用should do结构，should可以省略。 2. adopt vt. &. vi.收养,领养;采用(方法) ;采取(态度) ;采纳 (建议) ;承袭(风俗) ;选举 知识探究：Papers like this tend to adopt a very simple writing style.这样的论文往往采用比较朴实的写作风格。 Mr Kern adopted the orphan as his own son. 克恩先生收养了那个孤儿。 Congress has adopted the new measure. 国会通过了新的议案。归纳整理：题练落实：1. The old couple decided to _ a boy and a girl though they had three of their own. A. adapt B. bring C. receive D. adopt 2.The poor mother, who had been ill in bed, had to have her little son _ at his uncles. A. adaptedB. adopted C. adjusted D. applied3. This teaching method is being _ in several schools to help children with disability obtain higher education. A. attended B. adopted C. adapted D. admitted联想拓宽：adopt 与 adapt 1) adopt vt.采取,采用;收养,领养;正式通过;接受 adopt (vt. )-adopted (adj. )-adoption (n. ) 2) adapt vt.使适应,使适合;修改,改编vi.适应(to) adapt (n. )-adaptable (adj. )-adaptation (n. ) 3) adapt sth. for sth. 改变某事物以便在不同情况下运用 adapt to适应 All his suggestions have been adopted. 他所有的建议全部被采纳了。 an adopted child养子(女) The number of adoptions has risen in the past year. 在过去的一年,收养子女的数目增加了。adoption n.收养;领养;采用;推选 adoptive adj.收养的;有收养关系的 adopted adj.收养的,领养的 adopt ones method of teaching 接受某人的教学方法 adopt an idea采纳意见 adopt a report接受报告 adopt a child收养孩子Third period Reading strategies: Understanding scientific termsWhen reading articles about science, we often come across difficult scientific terms. We have to work out their meaning in order to understand the text as a whole. Begin by reading the first and last paragraphs for an idea of what the article is about. Then, scan the body of the article. Circle any words you do not know. Question things you do not understand or that do not appear to make sense. Finally, read through the article a few times. You will often be amazed to discover that what confused you at first makes sense upon further readings.xx年江西卷D篇Why should mankind explore space? Why should money, time and effort be spent exploring and researching something with so few apparent benefits? Why should resources be spent on space rather than on conditions and people on Earth? These are questions that, understandably, are very often asked. Perhaps the best answer lies in our genetic makeup(基因构成) as human beings. What drove our ancestors to move from the trees into the plains, and on into all possible areas and environments? The wider the spread of a species, the better its chance of survival. Perhaps the best reason for exploring space is this genetic tendency to expand wherever possible.Nearly every successful civilization has explored, because by doing so, any dangers in surrounding areas can be identified and prepared for. Without knowledge, we may be completely destroyed by the danger. With knowledge, we can lessen its effects. Exploration also allows minerals and other potential (潜在的) resources to be found. Even if we have no immediate need of them, they will perhaps be useful later. Resources may be more than physical possessions. Knowledge or techniques have been acquired through exploration. The techniques may have medical applications which can improve the length or quality of our lives. We have already benefited from other spin-offs including improvements in earthquake prediction, in satellites for weather forecasting and in communications systems. Even non-stick pans and mirrored sunglasses are by-products (副产品) of technological developments in the space, the chance to save ourselves might not exist.While many resources are spent on what seems a small return, the exploration of space allows creative, brave and intelligent members of our species to focus on what may serve to save us. While space may hold many wonders and explanations of how the universe was formed or how it works, it also holds dangers. The danger exists, but knowledge can help human being to survive. Without the ability to reach out across space, the chance to save ourselves might not exist.While Earth is the only planet known to support life, surely the adaptive ability of humans would allow us to live on other planets. It is true that the lifestyle would be different, but human life and cultures have adapted in the past and surely could in the future.71. Why does the author mention the questions in Paragraph1?A. To express his doubts.B. To compare different ideas.C. To introduce points for discussion.D. To describe the conditions on Earth.72. What is the reason for exploring space based on Paragraph2?A. Humans are nature-born to do so.B. Humans have the tendency to fight.C. Humans may find new sources of food.D. Humans dont like to stay in the same place.73. The underlined word “spin-offs” in Paragraph 4 probably refers to_.A. survival chancesB. potential resourcesC. unexpected benefitsD. physical possessions74. What makes it possible for humans to live on other planets?A. Our genetic makeup.B. Resources on the earth.C. The adaptive ability of humans. D. By-products in space exploration.75. Which of the statements can best sum up the passage?A. Space exploration has created many wonders.B. Space exploration provided the best value for money.C. Space exploration can benefit science and technology.D. Space exploration may help us avoid potential problems on Earth.xx年广东卷B篇Can dogs and cats live in perfect harmony in the same home? People who are thinking about adopting a dog as a friend for their cats are worried that they will fight. A recent research has found a new recipe of success. According to the study, if the cat is adopted before the dog, and if they are introduced when still young (less than 6 months for cats, a year for dogs), it is highly probable that the two pets will get along swimmingly. Two-thirds of the homes interviewed reported a positive relationship between their cat and dog.However, it wasnt all sweetness and light. There was a reported coldness between the cat and dog in 25% of the homes, while aggression and fighting were observed in 10% of the homes. One reason for this is probably that some of their body signals were just opposite. For example, when a cat turns its head away it signals aggression, while a dog doing the same signals submission.In homes with cats and dogs living peacefully, researchers observed a surprising behaviour. They are learning how to talk each others language. It is a surprise that cats can learn how to talk dog, and dogs can learn how to talk Cat.Whats interesting is that both cats and dogs have appeared to develop their intelligence. They can learn to read each others body signals, suggesting that the two may have more in common than was preciously suspected. Once familiar with each others presence and body language, cats and dogs can play together, greet each other nose to nose, and enjoy sleeping together in the sofa. They can easily share the same water bowl and in some cases groom(梳理) each other.The significance of this research on cats and dogs may go beyond pets-to people who dont get along, including neighbors, colleagues at work, and even world superpowers. If cats and dogs can learn to get along, surely people have a good chance.31. The underlined word swimmingly in paragraph1 is closest in meaning to_.A. early B. sweetly C. quickly D. smoothly32. Some cats and dogs may fight when _.A. they are cold to each other B. they look away from each otherC. they misunderstand each others signalsD. they are introduced at an early age33. What is found surprising about cats and dogs?A. They eat and sleep togetherB. They observe each others behaviorsC. They learn to speak each others languageD. They know something from each others voice34. It is suggested in paragraph 4 that cats and dogs_.A. have common interests B. are less different than was thoughtC. have a common body languageD. are less intelligent than was expected35. What can we human beings learn from cats and dogs?A. We should learn to live in harmonyB. We should knows more about animalsC. We should live in peace with animalsD. We should learn more body languagesForth periodProject 1: Man versus nature For a long time, our environment has been damaged because humans have been careless. People have harmed nature through agriculture, fishing, hunting and tourism. We further damage Earth by building new channels in the sea and factories on the land, and by creating pollution with chemical waste. We will some day destroy the planet we live on if we continue in this way.However, if we focus only on conservation, then people may suffer. Not everything that is best for nature is good for people. Would anyone say that development should be stopped in favor of nature? From the point of view of some people, we are only doing what humans have always done, using nature to meet our own needs. Other people argue that such thinking may cause a catastrophe, unless we start to look around and understand how a clean environment benefits us all. After decades of destroying nature and using up natural resources, many developed nations are now concerned about saving nature rather than developing or destroying it. However, many poorer nations must focus on meeting the everyday needs of their people. In doing so, they are using up natural resources at a fast pace. They have not yet seen the effects of the careless use of the environment like many wealthy nations have. Often they do not realize that the choices they make are bad for the environment. Should they be blamed for destroying hundreds of thousands of acres of rainforest if it means a better income for their people? The developed and developing countries of the world need to work together to make sure that people enjoy healthy and happy lives, without the environment around them suffering. It should not be a question of humans winning and nature losing. Humans can only really win by protecting nature. After all, food has to be produced in a healthy, natural system, and we all need clean air to breathe and pure water to drink. It is mankinds responsibility to find answers that are good for everyone, and everything.Project 2: GM food: hope or danger?In recent years, there has been great progress in the study of genetics. With this progress, doors have been opened up to technologies that never existed before. While many people are excited about these new technologies, these same technologies frighten others. Nowhere is this truer than with genetically modified (GM) food. There are two ways in which a plant or an animal can be genetically modified. First, new material can be inserted into its DNA to give the plant or animal qualities which it would never have in nature. Second, material can be taken from the DNA of a plant or an ani
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