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2019-2020年牛津译林版高中英语选修七Unit 4Public transport语法讲练.短语动词的构成1. Enjoy a story and pay attention to some phrases while listening.It was raining. I went into a caf and asked for a coffee. While I was waiting for my drink, I realized there were other people in the place, but I sensed loneliness. I saw their bodies, but I couldnt feel their souls because their souls belonged to the Net. I stood up and walked between the tables, when I came to the biggest puter, I saw a thin, small man sitting in front of it. “Im Steve,” he finally replied to me after I asked him a couple of times what his name was. “I cant talk with you. Im busy,” he said. He was chatting online and, at the same time, he was playing a puter gamea war game. I was surprised. I tried to talk to him again, he shouted at me, “I cant put up with you. Leave me alone” That night, I thought everything over, but was at a loss. Are they wrong or I am?2. What is a phrasal verb?verb+ adverbverb + prepositionverb + adverb + prepositionleave me alone; think everything over; stand upgo into ; ask for; wait for; e to; talk with; talk to; shout at; put up with英语中的动词,按其构成,可分为单词动词(single-word verb)和短语动词(phrasal verb)。短语动词指由两个或两个以上单词构成的动词。这种动词主要有三种组合形式:1) 动词+副词构成的动词短语 动词+副词构成的动词短语分为两类：“及物动词+副词”和 “不及物动词+副词”。“及物动词+副词”短语的宾语既可以放在副词之前也可以放在副词之后，但如果宾语为人称代词，则必须放在副词之前。Eg. (1) He took off his coat. (2) Having worn his raincoat all the way, he took it off when he arrived at his office.(3) Uncle Tom passed away (去世) many years ago.(4) 他进来时脱掉外套，出去时又穿上。He took off his coat when he entered the house and put it on again when he went out. (take off 是及物短语动词)(5) There is often a spectators balcony at airports, where people can watch the planes taking off and landing. (take off是不及物短语动词)(6) His words puzzled me so much that I spent several minutes _.A. making it up B. to make it up C. figured it out D. to figure it out总结：及物动词必须加宾语意思才完整的动词。不及物动词，就是不必加宾语意思就完整的动词。2) 动词+介词构成的动词短语 动词+介词构成的动词短语相当于及物动词，不可分开使用，其后可以直接跟宾语，宾语通常是名词、代词、动名词等，在被动语态中介词不能省略。Eg. 1. Kate is looking after his sick mother. 2. 前几天我遇到我的一个老朋友王晓林。 I came across one of my old classmates Wang Xiaoping. 3.I agree with (与看法一致)you on that point. 4. Before long he took to (爱上) a girl student in his class.3) 动词+副词+介词构成的动词短语这类动词短语的宾语只能放在介词的后面. 常见的短语有：break away from，go on with，catch up with，look down on/upon，look up to，make up for，put up with。在“动词+副词+介词”的组合中，短语动词只能看作是一个动词,绝对不能拆开。Eg.1. I couldnt put up with (忍受) the noise any longer. 2. I dont _ puter games. I think its a waste of time. A. go away with B. go into C. go after D. go in for注意：在动词+副词+介词的组合中,短语动词只能看作是一个动词,绝对不能拆开。另外,还需要注意的是，以上三类短语动词都是一些固定搭配，这些短语动词与某些非固定搭配是有区别的。试比较(1)The lights went out. (2) He put on his coat and went out.例(1)中的went out (熄灭) 是由“动词+副词”构成的短语动词。例(2)中的went out (出去)不是短语动词，went 是动词，out是副词，作状语。补充: 动词+名词+介词构成的动词短语:常见的这类短语有：make friends with，take care of，make room for，make jokes about，make an apology to，take pride in，pay attention to等。Eg. 1. Lucy threw away some useless stuff to make room for her new bookcase. 2. Special attention should be _the pronunciation. A. paid for B. paid to C. taken of D. taken to .读读猜猜:有很多动词短语不止有一个含义，需要我们利用语境来灵活运用。请写出下列短语意思. 1.（1）His accent gives him away as a southerner. 泄露 (2) He gave away most of his money to charity. 捐赠 (3) They gave away their last chance of winning the match. 丧失 (4) The mayor gave away the prizes at the school sports day. 颁发2. (1) This price takes in the cost of transportation and food. 包括(2) He was homeless, so we took him in. 收容(3) Fish take in oxygen through their gills. 吸收(4) I hope youre taking in what Im saying. 领会. 高频动词bring要点 bring in引进；挣得bring about引起，导致bring up养育，培养；呕吐；提出 bring out使展现，推出（书、唱片等）bring down降低；使倒下bring back把带回来；使忆起；使恢复bring forth结果，生产，产生bring forward提出；提前bring off 圆满完成（困难之事）bring on惹来（坏的结果）；加速生长。精练1. The Internet has brought _big changes in the way we work. A. about B. out C. back D. up2. The teacher made up a sentence to _the meaning of the phrase. A. show off B. turn out C. bring out D. take in3. As we all know, air pollution often _ diseases. A. brings on B. brings up C. brings back D. brings forwardbreak要点 break down崩溃，瓦解；垮掉；失败；（化学）分解；（公共场所）失去理智break up打碎；大学放假；（物理）分解；分开，分成（几部分）；结束；制止break through逾越，突破；冲破break away(from)挣脱，脱离break out爆发break in破门而入break off折断；中断break into进入建筑物以便行窃；突然发出或开始；打扰。精练4. News reports say peace talks between the two countries _with no agreement reached.A. have broken down B. have broken out C. have broken in D. have broken up5. You should relax yourself, otherwise you will _in time.A. break off B. break up C. wear out D. break down6. Until then did I realize that their marriage was _because they had little in mon.A. breaking up B. breaking down C. breaking through D. breaking offe要点 e about发生 e out结果出来；出版；泄露；开花 e on跟随；作为挑战语；进展 e across偶遇；被理解 e true变为现实 e up走上前；被提出；长出地面；走近；升起 e up with产生，发现（解决办法、答案等） e along一起来 e back回来；顶嘴 e by努力获得 e to总计；清醒过来 e off脱落；进展。精练7. The girl is clever and she always _ good ideas whenever she is in trouble.A. es about B. es up with C. gets up as D. es up8. I dont feel like going out. Why dont we watch TV at home? _You promised to take me out for dinner. A. Really? B. Not at all. C. Why not? D. e on!9. I have no idea how it _ that the man met with trouble again. A. came up B. came out C. came across D. came aboutcarry要点 carry off获胜；成功做成（困难之事） carry on继续，坚持 carry out执行 carry through帮助渡难关；完成，实现 carry back使忆起 carry away失去理智。精练10. We didnt plan our art exhibition like that but it _ very well. A. worked out B. tried out C. went on D. carried on11. Its a good idea. But whos going to _ the plan? I think Tom and Greg will. A. set aside B. carry out C. take in D. get through12. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _ the next year. A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry outget要点 get about四处走动；传开 get across传达 get alongon (with)进展，相处 get away逃脱，设法离开 get down下来；下车 get in 收割；到达；请来帮忙；考取 get off出发；下班 get together聚会 get up 起床；组织，筹划 get up as打扮成 get through 接通；通过；花费 get back取回；回到某地；继续做 get by勉强够花 get down to开始认真干 get out被人知道，泄露；逃离 get over克服，成功应付；恢复，复原。精练13. It was not a serious illness, and she soon _ it. A. got over B. got on with C. got around D. got out of14. Were going to _ with some friends for a picnic. Would you like to join us? A. get in B. get over C. get along D. get together15. His mother had thought it would be good for his character to _ from home and earn some money on his own.A. run away B. get away C. keep away D. take awaygive要点 give up放弃give in 屈服；呈交give out 用尽，耗尽；分发；公布，发表；发出give away露马脚；颁发；赠送，送掉；捐赠 give off发出 give back归还；使恢复。精练16. His strong accent _ when he was trying to tell a lie. A. put him off B. let him out C. gave him away D. turned him up17. During the urgent period, the ministry of foreign affairs _ brief news every day. A. gave away B. gave out C. gave up D. gave off18. Dont mention that at the beginning of the story, or it may _ the shocking ending. A. give away B. give out C. give up D. give offgo要点 go against违背；与不符；对不利 go without勉强维持，凑合 go in for爱好，参加；从事 go by过去；依据，按照 go on继续；发生 go over 复习 ；仔细审查；走近 go ahead 进行 go though 被通过；从头到尾地阅读；排练；经历 go away走开；外出度假；消失 go for去取来或接来；争取得到 go out出去, 熄灭, 过时, 罢工, 向往, 辞职, 倒塌。精练19. I dont _ rocknroll. Its much too noisy for my taste.A. go after B. go away with C. go into D. go in for20. Nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because the lights happened to _.A. be put up B. give in C. be turned on D. go out21. The price _, but I doubt whether it will remain so.A. went down B. will go down C. has gone down D. was going downhold要点 hold on to保留，抓住不放 hold back隐瞒；阻碍（某人发展）；（因谨慎而）退缩；控制（情感） hold out维持；抵抗，硬撑 hold up举起；（常用被动语态）延搁，阻滞；支撑 hold up as作为榜样 hold off拖延；（雨雪等）迟迟不来；保持距离 hold down控制（上升）；压制 hold in抑制 hold on 别挂断，等会儿；坚持 hold over延期；以要挟hold together团结一起。精练22. We thought of selling this old furniture, but weve decided to _it. It might be valuable. A. hold on to B. keep up with C. turn to D. look after23. We meant to finish the task by dark, but we were so tired that we could not _. A. hold on B. keep to C. last on D. stick to24. How long can they _ against the disaster? A. hold back B. hold out C. hold up D. hold overkeep要点 keep away（from）使远离 keep back 扣除，保留；隐瞒不讲 keep off 避开；不踩、吃、谈等 keep on继续 keep out 挡在外边；(警示语)请勿靠近 keep up保持，不低落；持续，继续 keep up with跟上keep down抑制（以防其增长）。精练25. The story is so interesting that he doesnt _ it even though it is time for lunch.A. get rid of B. keep away fromC. break away from D. tear himself away from26. There is a piece of board at the gate of the construction, which reads: _ without permission.A. keep away B. keep out C. keep off D. keep up27. Would you slow down a bit, please? I cant _ you.A. keep up with B. put up withC. make up to D. hold on tolook要点 look ahead向前看 look about环顾 look after照看；负责处理 look back回忆，回顾 look out 当心；找出 look on旁观 look up 向上看；查阅；形势好转；看望 look down upon看不起 look forward to 盼望 look through翻阅 look into调查；向内看 look round寻找；边走边看，观光 look over检阅；逐一检查。精练28. _ this book and tell me what you think of it.A. Look through B. Look on C. Look into D. Look up29. _! There is a train ing.A. Look out B. Look around C. Look forward D. Look on30. She _ _ her number in the phone book to make sure that she had got it right.A. looked up B. looked for C. picked out D. picked upmake要点 make up编造；给某人化妆；组成，构成；补齐，凑足；准备，布置 make up of 由构成 make up for 补偿，弥补 make out 辨认出 make into制成；使成为 make from制成 make of 制成；理解，看待，对待 make out of 由制成 make for走向，冲向；有助于，倾向于 make off 溜掉 make over（正式依法）转让。精练31. Tom was so busy these days because he had a lot of papers to _.A. take up B. make up C. work up D. hold up32. Doctors say early rising _ good health.A. makes off B. makes for C. makes out D. makes up33. The idea puzzled me so much that I stopped for a few seconds to try to _.A. make it out B. make it off C. make it up D. make it overput要点 put across表达清楚 put back放回原处；拨回；阻碍；推迟 put down揭下来；踩下；停车下人；平定，镇压；记下 put aside放下（正在读的书或正在干的活）；储蓄；不顾，忽视put away将事物放置于惯常保存之处；储蓄；过度吃喝；放弃 put forth（正式）长出 put forward提出（计划、建议）；拨快；提前 put in插嘴；安装；花费 put off延期；推诿，闪避 put on穿戴；假装；安排；上映 put out扑灭；生产 put up为某人提供食宿；短期住宿；建造；举起；张贴，公布 put up with容忍。精练34. You can take anything from the shelf and read, but please _ the books when youve finished with them.A. put on B. put down C. put back D. put off35. Before the war broke out, many people _ in safe places possessions they could not take with them.A. threw away B. put away C. gave away D. carried away36. The forest guards often find campfires that have not been _ pletely.A. turned down B. put out C. put away D. turned oversend要点 send for 派人去请；订购 send up上升；发射；取笑 send out 发送；长出；发出（请柬、信号等） send off送行；邮寄出 send away送走；解雇send down下降；开除（大学学生） send forth长出 send in寄去。精练37. Will somebody go and get Dr. White? Hes already been _. A. asked for B. sent for C. called for D. looked for38. We can easily pick up the English programs _ by the CCTV. A. sent off B. sent out C. sent away D. sent up39. It was not until seven years old that I was _ to school. A. sent away B. sent back C. sent out D. sent forset 要点 set off 出发；引爆；引起，激发 set out 开始；动身踏上漫长旅途 set up 创建，建立；安排；安装；竖起 set up as当上 set about着手干（尤指费时费劲的事）；处理 set aside不顾；（为某种目的，后接for）留出 set apart使与众不同；（为某种用途）留出 set back阻碍，拖后腿 set forth 启程；阐明 set in（不愉快的事情）开始，来临 set down下车；写下；放下。精练40. Its ten years since the scientist _ on his lifes work of discovering the valuable chemical.A. made for B. set out C. took off D. turned up41. The primary school was _ where there used to be an old temple.A. set up B. put up C. built up D. held up42. If you _ any problems when you arrive at the airport, give me a ring.A. e up with B. set about C. run into D. put asidetake要点 take in吸收 take for 误认为 take out 拿出 take down 放下 take up从事；拿起；占据（时间或空间） take off 飞机起飞；脱下；休假；走红 take by攻占 take after像 take along 随身携带 take away带走，拿走；使离去 take back 收回（说错的话）；退回(所购商品)；使忆起 take charge 负责，掌管 take on呈现；雇佣 take out拿出；带出去 take over 接管，接任 take place发生 take to开始喜欢；染上习惯 take with 与混在一起。精练43. Our daughter doesnt know what to _ at the university, so she cant make up her mind about her future.A. take in B. take up C. take over D. take on44. To keep healthy, Professor Johnson _ cycling as a regular form of exercise after he retired.A. took up B. caught on C. carried out D. made for45. Helen always helps her mother even though going to school _ most of her day.A. takes up B. makes upC. saves up D. puts upturn要点 turn against转而反对; 使与为敌 turn back折回，掉转头 turn away转身, 走开, 打发走 turn out结果是；关上(电灯); 赶出; 生产, 制造 turn down 拒绝; 调小 turn off 关掉; 不喜欢 turn over打翻; 仔细思量; 翻耕；移交 turn in 上交(作业等); 拐入 turn into变成; 翻译 turn on打开;取决于 turn to求助于; 翻到 turn up调大; 出现。精练46. We wanted to get home before dark, but it didnt quite _ as planned.A. make out B. turn out C. go on D. e up47. I can hardly hear the radio. Would you please _?A. turn it on B. turn it down C. turn it up D. turn it off48. He was disappointed to find his suggestions _ _.A. been turned down B. turned down C. to be down D. to turn down49. Kathy _ a lot of Spanish by playing with the native boys and girls. A. picked up B. took up C. made up D. turned up50. The dictionary is being printed and it will soon _.A. turn out B. e out C. start out D. go out练习答案： 1-5 ACAAD 6-10 ABDDA 11-15 BCADB 16-20 CBADD 21-25 CAABD 26-30 BAAAA 31-35 BBACB 36-40 BBBAB 41-45 ACBAA 46-50 BCBAB
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