2019年小学英语语法要点及习题A.doc

2019年小学英语语法要点及习题A一、名词复数规则 1一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds 2以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches 3以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries 4以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives 5不规则名词复数： man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children foot-feet,.tooth-teeth fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese写出下列各词的复数 I _him _this _her _ watch _child _photo _diary _ day_ foot_ book_ dress _ tooth_ sheep _box_ strawberry _ thief _yo-yo _ peach_ sandwich _ man_ woman_ paper_ juice_ water_ milk_ rice_ tea_二、一般现在时一般现在时基本用法介绍 一般现在时的功能 1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。 2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。 3.表示客观现实。如：The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。一般现在时的构成 1. be动词：主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如：I am a boy.我是一个男孩。 2.行为动词：主语+行为动词(+其它)。如：We study English.我们学习英语。 当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it)时，要在动词后加-s或-es。如：Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。一般现在时的变化 1. be动词的变化。否定句：主语+ be + not +其它。 如：He is not a worker.他不是工人。 一般疑问句：Be +主语+其它。 如：-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, Im not.特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：Where is my bike?2.行为动词的变化。 否定句：主语+ dont( doesnt ) +动词原形(+其它)。如：I dont like bread. 当主语为第三人称单数时，要用doesnt构成否定句。如： He doesnt often play. 一般疑问句：Do( Does ) +主语+动词原形+其它。如：- Do you often play football? - Yes, I do. / No, I dont. 当主语为第三人称单数时，要用does构成一般疑问句。如： - Does she go to work by bike? Yes, she does. / No, she doesnt.特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：How does your father go to work?动词+s的变化规则1一般情况下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks, milk-mil2以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾，加-es，如： guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches , go-goes3以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：study-studies 一般现在时用法专练: 一、 写出下列动词的第三人称单数 drink _ go _ stay _ make _ look _ have_ pass_ carry _ e_ watch_ plant_ fly _ study_ brush_ do_ teach_ 二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。 1. He often _(have) dinner at home. 2. Daniel and Tommy _(be) in Class One. 3. We _(not watch) TV on Monday. 4. Nick _(not go) to the zoo on Sunday. 5. _ they _(like) the World Cup? 6. What _they often _(do) on Saturdays? 7. _ your parents _(read) newspapers every day? 8. The girl _(teach) us English on Sundays. 9. She and I _(take) a walk together every evening. 10. There _(be) some water in the bottle. 11. Mike _(like) cooking. 12. They _(have) the same hobby. 13. My aunt _(look) after her baby carefully. 14. You always _(do) your homework well. 15. I _(be) ill. Im staying in bed. 16. She _(go) to school from Monday to Friday. 17. Liu Tao _(do) not like PE. 18. The child often _(watch) TV in the evening. 19. Su Hai and Su Yang _(have) eight lessons this term.20. What day _(be) it today? Its Saturday.三、按照要求改写句子 1. Daniel watches TV every evening.(改为否定句) _ 2. I do my homework every day.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答) _ 3. She likes milk.(改为一般疑问句，作肯定回答) _ 4. Amy likes playing puter games.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答) _ 5. We go to school every morning.(改为否定句) _ 6. He speaks English very well.(改为否定句) _ 7. I like taking photos in the park.(对划线部分提问) _ 8. John es from Canada.(对划线部分提问) _ 9. She is always a good student.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答) _ 10. Simon and Daniel like going skating.(改为否定句) _五、改错(划出错误的地方，将正确的写在横线上) 1. Is your brother speak English? _ 2. Does he likes going fishing? _ 3. He likes play games after class. _ 4. Mr. Wu teachs us English. _ 5. She dont do her homework on Sundays. _三、现在进行时 1现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。 2现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为be+动词ing. 3现在进行时的否定句在be后加not。 4现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。 5现在进行时的特殊疑问的基本结构为： 疑问词 + be + 主语 + 动词ing? 但疑问词当主语时其结构为： 疑问词 + be + 动词ing?动词加ing的变化规则 1一般情况下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking 2以不发音的e结尾，去e加ing，如：make-making, taste-tasting 3如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing，如：run-running, stop-stopping现在进行时专项练习：一、写出下列动词的现在分词： play_ run_ swim _make_ go_ like_ write_ _ski_ read_ have_ sing _ dance_ put_ see_ buy _ love_ live_ take_ e _ get_ stop_ sit _ begin_ shop_二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空： 1.The boy _ ( draw)a picture now. 2. Listen .Some girls _ ( sing)in the classroom . 3. My mother _ ( cook )some nice food now. 4. What _ you _ ( do ) now? 5. Look . They _( have) an English lesson . 6.They _(not ,water) the flowers now. 7.Look! the girls _(dance )in the classroom . 8.What is our granddaughter doing? She _(listen ) to music. 9. Its 5 oclock now. We _(have)supper now 10._Helen_(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is .三、句型转换： 1. They are doing housework .(分别改成一般疑问句和否定句) _ _ 2The students are cleaning the classroom . ( 改一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答) _ 3Im playing the football in the playground .(对划线部分进行提问) _ 4Tom is reading books in his study . (对划线部分进行提问) _四、将来时理论及练习一、概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year), soon, the day after tomorrow（后天）等。 二、基本结构：be going to + do； will+ do. 三、否定句：在be动词（am, is, are）l后加not或情态动词will后加not成wont。 例如：Im going to have a picnic this afternoon. Im not going to have a picnic this afternoon.四、一般疑问句： be或will提到句首，some改为any, and改为or，第一二人称互换。 例如：We are going to go on an outing this weekend. Are you going to go on an outing this weekend?五、对划线部分提问。一般情况，一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情况。 1. 问人。Who 例如：Im going to New York soon. Whos going to New York soon. 2. 问干什么。What do.例如： My father is going to watch a race with me this afternoon. What is your father going to do with you this afternoon. 3. 问什么时候。When.例如：Shes going to go to bed at nine. When is she going to go to bed? 六、同义句：be going to = will I am going to go swimming tomorrow（明天）. = I will go swimming tomorrow. 练习：填空。 1. 我打算明天和朋友去野炊。 I_ _ _ have a picnic with my friends. I _ have a picnic with my friends. 2. 下个星期一你打算去干嘛? 我想去打篮球。 What _ _ _ _ _ next Monday? I _ _ _ play basketball. What _ you do next Monday? I _ play basketball. 3. 你妈妈这个周末去购物吗？是，她要去买一些水果。 _ your mother _ _ go shopping this _? Yes, she _. She _ _ _ buy some fruit. 4. 你们打算什么时候见面。 What time _ you _ _ meet?改句子。 5. Nancy is going to go camping.（改否定） Nancy _ going to go camping. 6. Ill go and join them.（改否定） I _ go _ join them. 7. Im going to get up at 6:30 tomorrow.（改一般疑问句） _ _ _ to get up at 6:30 tomorrow? 8. We will meet at the bus stop at 10:30.（改一般疑问句） _ _ meet at the bus stop at 10:30. 9. She is going to listen to music after school.（对划线部分提问） _ _ she _ _ _ after school? 10. My father and mother are going to see a play the day after tomorrow.(同上) _ _ going to see a play the day after tomorrow.用所给词的适当形式填空。 11. Today is a sunny day. We _ (have) a picnic this afternoon. 12. My brother _(go) to Shanghai next week. 13. Tom often _(go) to school on foot. But today is rain. He _ (go) to school by bike. 14. What do you usually do at weekends? I usually _ (watch) TV and _(catch) insects? 15. Its Friday today. What _she _ (do) this weekend? She _ (watch) TV and _ (catch) insects. 16. What _ (d0) you do last Sunday? I _ (pick) apples on a farm. What _ (do) next Sunday? I _ (milk) cows. 17. Mary _(visit) her grandparents tomorrow. 18. Liu Tao _ (fly) kites in the playground yesterday. 19. David _ (give) a puppet show next Monday. 20. I _(plan) for my study now五、一般过去时 1一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作感谢。2Be动词在一般过去时中的变化： am 和is在一般过去时中变为was。（was not=wasnt） are在一般过去时中变为were。（were not=werent） 带有was或were的句子，其否定、疑问的变化和is, am, are一样，即否定句在was或were后加not，一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。3句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子否定句：didnt +动词原形，如：Jim didnt go home yesterday.一般疑问句：在句首加did，句子中的动词过去式变回原形。 如：Did Jim go home yesterday?特殊疑问句：疑问词+did+主语+动词原形？ 如： What did Jim do yesterday?疑问词当主语时：疑问词+动词过去式？ 如：Who went to home yesterday?动词过去式变化规则： 1一般在动词末尾加-ed，如：pull-pulled, cook-cooked 2结尾是e加d，如：taste-tasted 3末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stopped 4以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变y为i， 再加-ed，如：study-studied 5不规则动词过去式： am,is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said, give-gave, get-got, go-went, e-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-took, run-ran, sing-sang, put-put, make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew, drink-drank, fly-flew, ride-rode, speak-spoke, sweep-swept, swim-swam, sit-sat过去时练习 写出下列动词的过去式 isam_ fly_ plant_ are _ drink_ play_ go_ make _ does_ dance_ worry_ ask _ taste_ eat_ draw_ put _ throw_ kick_ pass_ do _ Be动词的过去时练习（1）一、 用be动词的适当形式填空 1. I _ at school just now. 2. He _ at the camp last week. 3. We _ students two years ago. 4. They _ on the farm a moment ago. 5. Yang Ling _ eleven years old last year. 6. There _ an apple on the plate yesterday. 7. There _ some milk in the fridge on Sunday. 8. The mobile phone _ on the sofa yesterday evening.二、 句型转换 1. It was exciting. 否定句：_ 一般疑问句：_ 肯、否定回答：_ 2. All the students were very excited. 否定句：_ 一般疑问句：_ 肯、否定回答：_ 3. They were in his pocket. 否定句：_ 一般疑问句：_ 肯、否定回答：_Be动词的过去时练习（2）一、用be动词的适当形式填空 1. I _ an English teacher now. 2. She _ happy yesterday. 3. They _ glad to see each other last month. 4. Helen and Nancy _ good friends. 5. The little dog _ two years old this year. 6. Look, there _ lots of grapes here. 7. There _ a sign on the chair on Monday. 8. Today _ the second of June. Yesterday _ the first of June. It _ Childrens Day. All the students _ very excited.二、句型转换 1. There was a car in front of the house just now. 否定句：_ 一般疑问句：_ 肯、否定回答：_ 肯、否定回答：_三、 中译英 1我的故事书刚才还在手表旁边。 _ 2他们的外套上个礼拜放在卧室里了。 _ 3一会以前花园里有两只小鸟。 _行为动词的过去时练习（1）一、用行为动词的适当形式填空 1. He _ (live) in Wuxi two years ago. 2. The cat _ (eat) a bird last night. 3. We _ (have) a party last Halloween. 4. Nancy _ (pick) up oranges on the farm last week. 5. I _ (make) a model ship with Mike yesterday. 6. They _ (play) chess in the classroom last PE lesson. 7. My mother _ (cook) a nice food last Spring Festival. 8. The girls _ (sing) and _ (dance) at the party.二、句型转换 1. Su Hai took some photos at the Sports day. 否定句：_ 一般疑问句：_ 肯、否定回答：_ 2. Nancy went to school early. 否定句：_ 一般疑问句：_ 肯、否定回答：_ 3. We sang some English songs. 否定句：_ 一般疑问句：_ 肯、否定回答：_ 行为动词的过去时练习（2）一、用be动词的适当形式填空 1. I _ (watch) a cartoon on Saturday. 2. Her father _ (read) a newspaper last night. 3. We _ to zoo yesterday, we _ to the park. (go) 4. _ you _ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival? 5. _ he _ (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he _. 6. Gao Shan _ (pull) up carrots last National Day holiday. 7. I _ (sweep) the floor yesterday, but my mother _. 8. What _ she _ (find) in the garden last morning? She _ (find) a beautiful butterfly二、句型转换 1. They played football in the playground. 否定句：_ 一般疑问句：_ 肯、否定回答：_三、中译英 1. 格林先生去年住在中国。 _ 2. 昨天我们参观了农场。 _ 3. 他刚才在找他的手机。 _过去时综合练习（1）一、 用动词的适当形式填空 1. It _ (be) Bens birthday last Friday. 2. We all _ (have) a good time last night. 3. He _ (jump) high on last Sports Day. 4. Helen _ (milk) a cow on Friday. 5. She likes _ newspapers, but she _ a book yesterday. (read) 6. He _ football now, but they _ basketball just now. (play) 7. Jims mother _ (plant) trees just now. 8. _ they _ (sweep) the floor on Sunday? No, they _. 9. I _ (watch) a cartoon on Monday. 10. We _ (go) to school on Sunday.二、 中译英 1. 我们上周五看了一部电影。 _ 2. 他上个中秋节走亲访友了吗？是的。 _ 3. 你们上个儿童节做了什么？我们参观了动物园。 _ 4. 你上周在哪儿?在野营基地。 _过去时综合练习（2）一、 用动词的适当形式填空 1. It _ (be) the 2nd of November yesterday. Mr White _ (go) to his office by car. 2. Gao Shan _ (put) the book on his head a moment ago. 3. Dont _ the house. Mum _ it yesterday. (clean) 4. What _ you _ just now? I _ some housework. (do) 5. They _ (make) a kite a week ago. 6. I want to _ apples. But my dad _ all of them last month. (pick) 7. _ he _ the flowers this morning? Yes, he _. (water) 8. She _ (be) a pretty girl. Look, she _ (do) Chinese dances. 9. The students often _ (draw) some pictures in the art room. 10.What _ Mike do on the farm? He _ cows. (milk)二、中译英 1. 他的朋友在照看他的弟弟。 _ 2. 去年端午节我们没去看了龙舟比赛。 _ 3. 他在音乐课上拉小提琴了吗？不，没有。 _六、形容词和副词的比较级复习及练习一、形容词的比较级 1、形容词比较级在句子中的运用：两个事物或人的比较用比较级，比较级后面一般带有单词than。比较级前面可以用more, a little 来修饰表示程度。than后的人称代词用主格（口语中可用宾格）。 2形容词加er的规则： 一般在词尾加er ； 以字母e 结尾，加r ； 以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加er ； 以“辅音字母+y”结尾，先把y变i，再加er 。 3不规则形容词比较级： good-better, beautiful-more beautiful二、副词的比较级 1形容词与副词的区别 (有be用形，有形用be；有动用副，有副用动) 在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或be动词之后 副词在句子中最常见的是处于实义动词之后 2副词比较级的变化规则基本与形容词比较级相同 (不规则变化：well-better, far-farther)三、练习 一)、写出下列形容词或副词的比较级 old_ young_ tall_ long_ short_ strong_ big_ small_ fat_ thin_ heavy_ light_ nice_ good_ beautiful_ low_ high_ slow_ fast_ late_ early_ far_ well_ 二)、根据句意填入单词的正确形式： 1. My brother is two years _(old)than me. 2. Tom is as _(fat) as Jim. 3. Is your sister _(young) than you? Yes,she is. 4. Who is _(thin),you or Helen? Helen is. 5. Whose pencil-box is _(big),yours or hers? Hers is. 6. Marys hair is as _(long) as Lucys. 7.Ben _ (jump) _ (high) than some of the boys in his class. 8._ Nancy sing _ (well) than Helen? Yes, she _. 9.Fangfang is not as _ (tall) as the other girls. 10.My eyes are _(big) than _ (she). 11.Which is _(heavy),the elephant or the pig? 12.Who gets up _(early),Tim or Tom? 13._the girls get up_(early) than the boys?No,they_. 14. Jim runs _(slow). But Ben runs _(slow). 15.The child doesnt_(write) as _(fast) as the students. 三)、翻译句子： 1、谁比Jim年纪大？是你。 _ is _than Jim？ _ are 2、谁比David更强壮？是Gao Shan. _ _ than David? Gao Shan _. 3、谁的铅笔更长，他的还是她的？我想是她的。 _ pencil is _,_or_？_is,I think. 4、谁的苹果更重，你的姐姐的还是你的弟弟的？ 我的弟弟的。 _ apples _ _,your _ or your _? My _ _. 5、你和你的叔叔一样高吗？是的。 _ _as _as your uncle?Yes,I am.