2019-2020年牛津译林版高中英语选修八Unit 1《The written word》语法讲练.doc

2019-2020年牛津译林版高中英语选修八Unit 1The written word语法讲练英语否定概念的表达形式大致可以分为两大类显形否定和隐形否定。前者一般借助否定词或含否定意义的句型表达，其否定含义较为直观；后者无明显否定词，其否定含义往往靠上下文或语境来推断，较难把握。一、 显形否定种 类例 句常用no和not否定词表示否定。not修饰副词或整个句子，no修饰名词或代词；no = not a/not anyHe is not a statesman. 他不是政治家。He is no statesman. 他绝非政治家。(言下之意，他不懂政治。)用不定代词none, nobody, nothing, neither, little, few, no one 表示否定。Nobody can e in without permission. 未经允许，任何人不得入内。Neither of the two books is published in England.这两本书都不是英国出版的。The new rules are working and few books are stolen. 新规定很管用，几乎没有书被偷走。用hardly, scarcely, barely, rarely, seldom, never, nowhere, not at all, no longer, not any more等否定副词。We have never seen each other before.我们以前从未见过面。This lathe can not be used any longer, and that one cant either. 这台车床不能再用了，那台也一样。用nor, neither nor, but, without, unless, but for, but that, in the absence of, regardless of, instead of, short of, rather than, anything but, any more than, out of the question, would ratherthan, in no case, under no circumstance, by no means, in no way, on no condition, beyond, at a loss, above, behind, against, beneath, out of, past 等介词或连词表示否定。He was at a loss what to do next. 他不知道下一步该做什么。I sleep with the window open unless it is really cold. 天气若不冷，我总是开窗睡觉。由dis-, il-, im-, un-, non-, anti-, under-, in-, ab-, mis-, 及 less, -free, -proof 等词缀构成的否定词来表示。Some people think it is impolite to ask someones age. 有些人认为询问别人的年龄是不礼貌的。She mistrusts anyone in a position of authority. 她对任何有权有势的人都不信任。用avoid, ban, cancel, deny, exclude, escape, forbid, free from, free from/of, fail, hat, ignore, lack, lose, miss, neglect, prohibit, quit, refuse, rid, stop 以及far from, off, absent, bad, bare, empty等可用于表达否定概念的词。The headmaster was absent from the meeting. 校长没有来参加会议。It is far from clear what he intends to do. 他打算做什么一点都不清楚。Most of the students failed to go to college in his time. 他那个时代大多数学生都没有上大学。常用否定句型：too to , too for He is too young to go to school. 他还不够上学的年龄。Thats too much for me. 这我可受不了啦。虚拟语气表否定You should (ought to) have done it better. 你本应做得更好。（还不够好）I could have e earlier. 我本来能早点来的。（我没早来）双重否定的表达由not 加上含有否定意思的词或句子构成。We were not unprepared for the disappointment. 我们对失望也不是没有思想准备。否定词加上without 短语。He wouldnt attend the lecture without being invited. 要是不邀请他的话，他是不会参加这个讲座的。否定词后跟关系词引导的含否定意义的从句。There is nobody who takes no care of football matches in this city. 在这座城市，人人都关心足球比赛。否定词no, not, never, seldom 等后面跟until/till或unless 引导的状语。She didnt arrive until 6 oclock. 她六点才到。no/not/nobody but 表示“没有不适，只有才”。There is no question but he will succeed. 他会成功，这是没有问题的。含有肯定意义的某些否定句型：cannot help/choose but （必须，不得不，只能），cannot help doing sth.（忍不住做某事）cannot . too .（再也不为过，越越好），hardly/scarcely . when .（刚就），no sooner . than .（刚就）等。I cannot help but admit the truth of your remarks, although they go against my interests. 虽然你的言论违反我的利益，但我不得不承认你说的对。You cannot be too careful with your work. 工作越仔细越好。Hardly had we begun when we were told to stop. 我们刚开始就被叫停。No sooner had we sat down than we found it was time to go. 我们刚刚坐下就发现该走了。部分否定：英语中吧表示整体概念的不定代词all, both, every, 与every构成的不定代词，副词always 与否定副词not 搭配时，表示的是部分否定。而用no, neither, none, 与no构成的不定代词表示全部否定。Not all the students handed in their papers. = All the students didnt hand in their papers.不是所有学生都交卷了。二、隐形否定 此类否定既无特定句型，又无否定词，其否定含义多为习惯用语或引申义，颇为费解，也最易出错，切不可望文“生译”。 Catch me making the same error again. 我绝不再犯同样的错误了。 I dare him to jump. 我量他也不敢跳。 Keep it dark！这事不可泄露出去。 For all I care！ 这事我才不管呢！ Its anyones guess. 这事谁也说不清。 She bares her age well. 她一点也不显老。三、 否定表达要注意的问题1. 要注意否定程度的强弱和说话者的态度。He is not richer than I. 他不比我富。He is no richer than I. 他和我一样，也不富。 2. 否定前移。在think, suppose, imagine, believe, expect, guess 等动词所接的宾语从句中，谓语动词的否定应前移到这些动词前。I dont think you are right. 我认为你错了。hope 不属于该用法之列，not 常放在上述动词及be afraid 之后代替一个有否定含义的从句。例如：问：Is it going to rain?肯定回答：I suppose so. 否定回答：I suppose not. 或I dont suppose so.对于hope 和be afraid，否定回答只能说I hope not. 和Im afraid not.3. “there be no doing”表示“不可能”，“无法”。There is no knowing what may happen. 我们不知道会发生什么。There is no denying the facts. 不可否认这些事实。练习：一、把下列句子改为否定句。1. Theyre listening to pop music now. 2. Many people can speak English nowadays. 3. You must make your bed after you get up every day. 4. His mother has a beautiful car. 5. We need a pen and piece of paper. 6. I need to wear a warm coat. 7. The old man always goes for a walk in the park after supper. 8. The doctors volunteer in the countryside every year. 9. Mike does sports in the afternoon. 10. Youd better talk with your parents right now. 二、单项选择。1. Ive tried very hard to improve my English. But by no means _ with my progress. A. the teacher is not satisfied B. is the teacher not satisfied C. the teacher is satisfied D. is the teacher satisfied 2. Nuclear science should be developed to benefit the people _ harm them. A. more than B. other than C. rather than D. better than 3. His failure in the experiment suggested that he _ his teachers proper instructions. A. shouldnt have followed B. shouldnt follow C. mustnt have followed D. hadnt followed 4. The great changes _ have taken place _ carrying out the economic reform in our country. A. may not; unless B. never; but for C could not; without D. would, bedsides5. I didnt expect you can finish the work in three days, _? A. dont I B. do I C. can you D. cant you 6. House prices have increased greatly and they are _ the reach of those with average ines. A. over B. within C. beyond D. below7. I must be getting fat I can _ do my trousers up. (2004 全国) A. fairly B. hardly C. nearly D. seldom8. It is _ any wonder that his friend doesnt like watching television much. (2004 广东)A. no B. such C. nearly D. hardly9. Fred is second to none in maths in our class, but believe it or not, he _passed the last exam. (2000 上海)A. easily B. hardly C. actually D. successfully10. No sooner _ the railway station than the train had started. A. did I reach B. had I reached C. I reached D. I had reached11. The great changes _ have taken place _ carrying out the economic reform in our country.A. may not; unless B. never; but for C. could not; without D. would; besides12. Jill couldnt _ jokes about his baldness. A. help to make B. resist making C. resist to make D. help make13. I could not _ turn to police. A. resist B. but C. except D. besides14. It was owing to luck _ judgment _ the driver succeeded in avoiding an accident. A. better than; when B. rather than; that C. other than; When D. more than; which15. I _ the truth of your remarks, although they go against my interests. A. cannot but admit B. cannot but admitting C. cannot but to admit D. cannot help but admitting16. The students are _ with these two famous scientists in the lab.A. too pleased to work B. too pleased that they cannot work C. only too pleased to work D. so pleased that they cannot work17. I dont believe it. I think he is _ such a thing. A. the only person to do B. the first person to do C. the last person to do D. the very person to do18. The experiment is _; it was a great success. A. far from being a failure B. far away from a failure C. more than a failure D. nothing but a failure19. Do you think our pitchers played very well yesterday? .A. They were not nervous at all B. They were still young C. They played naturally D. They couldnt have done better20. Which of these two electronic dictionaries do you like better? . A. All B. That C. None D. Neither 参考答案：一、1. They arent listening to pop music now. 2. Many people cant speak English nowadays. 3. You dont have to make your bed after you get up every day. 4. His mother doesnt have a beautiful car5. We dont need a pen and piece of paper. 6. I neednt wear a warm coat. 7. The old man seldom goes for a walk in the park after supper.8. The doctors dont volunteer in the countryside every year. 9. Mike doesnt do sports in the afternoon.10. Youd better not talk with your parents right now. 二、1-5 DCDCC 6-10 CBDBB 11-15 CBBBA 16-20 ACADD