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PresentPerfectTense 现在完成时 PresentPerfectTense现在完成时 主语 have has 过去分词 pp 现在完成时的结构 Winterhasalreadycome willitstillbefarinspring 主语 have has 过去分词 pp 否定形式haven t havenot 过去分词hasn t hasnot 过去分词 疑问句把助动词have has放在句首 现在完成时的结构 注 主语若是第三人称单数助动词用has Youhaveplantedallthetrees Ihaveplantedallthetrees He shehasplantedallthetrees Theyhaveplantedallthetrees 区别have和has的用法 主语若是第三人称单数助动词用has 1 规则变化 过去分词与过去时变化规则一样 1 一般动词 在词尾直接加 ed work worked workedvisit visited visited 2 以 e 结尾的动词 只在词尾加 d live lived 过去分词 3 以 辅音字母 y 结尾的动词 将 y 变为 i 再加 ed study studied studiedcry cried cried 4 重读闭音节结尾 末尾只有一个辅音字母 先双写该辅音字母 再加 ed stop stopped stoppeddrop dropped dropped 2 不规则变化 have had hadam is was beenare were beendo did donego went gonesee saw seen Presentperfecttense现在完成时 构成 用法一 表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果 现在完成时 强调是过去动作与现在的联系 也就是强调现在的影响和结果 have has 过去分词 1 两个句子都表示过去发生的事 2 现在完成时强调过去和现在的联系 不能和具体的时间状语连用 3 一般过去时强调过去发生的事或状态 没有说明与现在的关系 它与表示过去的具体时间连用 last ago yesterday etc present past Ihavelivedherefortwoyears Ilivedthere2yearsago 现在完成时和一般过去时的区别 现在完成时 强调这一动作产生的结果对现在的影响或结果 与现在有关 一般过去时 仅表示在过去某一时刻曾发生过这一动作 与现在无关 他已学英语五年了 HehasstudiedEnglishforfiveyears 他曾学过五年英语 HestudiedEnglishforfiveyears 说明他还会继续学下去 只说明他过去学过五年英语 但现在不学了 I velivedherefortenyears 我在这里住了10年 现在仍住这儿 Ilivedherefortenyears 我在这里住过10年 现在不住这儿了 Hehasboughtahouse 他买了一栋房子 现在已拥有这房子 Heboughtahousetenyearsago 他10年前买了一栋房子 现在是否仍拥有这房子不清楚 一般过去时与现在完成时有一些明显的时间状语 遇到yesterday Lastyear inMay in 过去某一年 twodaysago theotherday justnow等就用一般过去时 表过去的时间 当有sofar in during overthepast lastfewdays 在过去 最近的几年里 since接过去时间状语或过去时的句子等常用现在完成时 不能与确定的时间 PutthefollowingsentencesintoEnglish A 火车已经开走了 B 什么时候开走的 A 半个小时之前开走的 A 这本书我已经买了两年了 B 你在哪儿买的 A 在我老家买的 A 你看过这部电影吗 B 看过 A 什么时候看的 B 上周星期天看的 A Thetrainhasleft B Whendiditleave A Itlefthalfanhourago A haveyouseenthefilm B Yes Ihave A Whendidyouseeit B IsawitlastSunday A I vehadthebookfortwoyears B Wheredidyoubuyit A Iboughtitinmyhometown 现在完成时不能与表示过去的时间状语连用 常与之连用的时间状语有 before bynow sofar once twice just recentlyyet 否 疑 already 肯 ever never allone slife in during overthepast last5years 1 already 肯定句 己经 一般疑问句 句末 表示惊讶的语气 难道 Haveyouhadbreakfastalready 表示强调 I vealreadyhadbreakfast 常见 I vehadbreakfastalready 注 有already的句子在时态上并不都是现在完成时 判断时要看该词后是否有动词的过去分词 Eg She salreadyeightyyearsold Itwasalreadyverylate 2 yet 否定句 句末 还 没 疑问句 句末 己经 Haveyouhadbreakfastyet Ihaven thadbreakfastyet 注意 当在肯定句中含already或just 变否定时 在句末加yet Ihaven tseenthefilmyet Motherhasjustcleanedthehouse Motherhasn tcleanedthehouseyet Ihavealreadyseenthefilm 3 ever 肯定句 疑问句 句中 曾经 I veeverbeentoBeijing HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing 4 never 否定句 句中 从来没有 I veneverbeentoBeijing 注 带ever的肯定句变否定句时 将ever变never Hehasevermademeal Havetheyevertravelledbytrain No never Hehasnevermademeal 带ever的一般疑问句作否定回答时可用 No never 5 just 用于句中 表示 刚刚 I vejusthadbreakfast Whathavetheyjustdone 6 before 用于句末 表示 以前 I veseenitbefore Hassheriddenabikebefore Exercises 1 I have lunchalready 2 Hasthetrain arrive yet 3 Tome never beto China 4 Thetwin just see myfather 5 Thetwins see myfatherjustnow 6 Manytallbuildings build inthepast5years havehad arrived has beento has seen saw havebeenbuilt 用法二 E g Katehaslivedherefor3years Katehaslivedheresince3yearsago KatehaslivedheresinceshecametoChina 表示过去所发生的动作或存在的状态 一直持续到现在并可能还将持续下去 动词使用延续性动词 常与for或since引导的时间连用 since 自 以来 1 since 时间点Hehasstayedheresince5o clock 2 since 时间段 agoHehasstayedheresince5hoursago 3 since 从句 句中的谓语动词为过去式 ShehastaughtEnglishsincehecamehere for 长达 for 时间段Hehaskeptthebookfor2weeks since for的用法 注意 对for或since引导的时间状语提问必须用 1 Ihavelivedherefor10years Howlonghaveyoulivedhere 2 Shehasstoodheresince2hoursago Howlonghasshestoodhere howlong 选用for和since填空 1 Wehaven tseeneachother alongtime 2 HisfatherhasbeenintheParty 10yearsago 3 Thefilmhasbeenon 20minutes 4 MrGreenhasworkedhere hecametoChina 5 Hisgrandpahasbeendead severalyears for since for since for 6 Mr BrownhashadhisTV 15years 7 I vetakendrivinglessons lastmonth 8 Mysisterhashadhercellphone amonth 9 Myfriendshaven tvisitedme mybirthday 10 Wehaven tusedourcar alongtime 11 Shehasn thadagoodcupofcoffee years 12 Tomhaswornglasses hewas7yearsold for since for since for for since 注意 瞬间动词不能和时间段连用 注意 Pleasepointoutanymistakesandcorrect Shehasboughtthecomputerfortwoyears had Pleasepointoutanymistakesandcorrect HowlonghaveyoucometotheUnitedStates beenin Pleasepointoutanymistakesandcorrect AnnhasgonetoChinasincethreemonthsago beenin Pleasepointoutanymistakesandcorrect IhavegottoParisforoneweek beenin Pleasepointoutanymistakesandcorrect Mybrotherhasjoinedthearmyforfiveyears beenin beenasoldier Pleasepointoutanymistakesandcorrect IhaveleftShanghaifor3days beenawayfor3days Pleasepointoutanymistakesandcorrect Ihaveborrowedthedictionarysince3daysago kept Pleasepointoutanymistakesandcorrect Thefilmhasbegunfor10minutes beenon Pleasepointoutanymistakesandcorrect Theconcerthasfinishedforhalfanhour beenover Pleasepointoutanymistakesandcorrect Hisdoghasdiedfortwoyears beendead Pleasepointoutanymistakesandcorrect Shehasmarriedforsixyears beenmarried 常见非延续性动词和延续性动词的转变 arrive come gotodiebecomeaborrowLeave movebuyopenjoinstart beginfinish endcatchacoldgetupgettoknowgetoutclosewakeupgotosleepbecomeinterestedin bein bedead have keep beaway beout bea bein amemberof beopen beon beover haveacold beup know beout beclosed beawake beasleep sleep beinterestedin Exercises Hisfatherhasdied for2years Thefootballmatchhasbegun since9 00a m Thetwinshavejoinedthearmy sincetheyare18yearsold MyteacherhasjustleftNanjing for3days Hisfatherhasbeendeadfor2years Thefootballmatchhasbeenonsince9 00a m Thetwinshavebeensoldiers beeninthearmysincetheyare18yearsold MyteacherhasbeenawayfromNanjingfor3days 注 非延续性动词可以于现在完成时 表示动作已经完成 它不能跟段时间 但它的否定式可以跟段时间状语连用 TomhasleftBeijing Tomhasn tleftBeijingsincehecametothiscityin2004 Hehasborrowedapenfromme Hehasn tborrowedapenfrommesinceweargued 重点句型 Itis hasbeen 段时间 since从句段时间 haspassed since从句 eg 他死了两年了 Hediedtwoyearsago Hehasbeendeadfortwoyears sincetwoyearsagoItis hasbeentwoyearssincehedied Twoyearshaspassedsincehedied 这本书我借了一个月了 Iborrowedthisbookamonthago Itis hasbeenamonthsinceIborrowedthebook Ihavekeptthebookforamonth sinceamonthago AmonthhaspassedsinceIborrowedthebook 用法三 havebeento曾经去过某地 已返回 havegoneto去了某地 还没有回来 A B A B 巧记 beento goneto意不同 两者用法要记清 havebeento 地名 曾经到过某地行 havegoneto 地点 到某地去了已走远 havebeenin 地点 在某地呆多久 1 IhavegonetoJapanbefore 2 Guilinisverybeautiful Ihavebeentotheretwice 3 HisfatherhasgonetoBeijing Hewillbebacknextweek 4 Wherehaveyougone Trueorfalse F F F T been been 去掉 canyoudistinguish hasgoneto havegoneto havebeento beento beenin hasbeen have hasbeen Have 用have hasbeento have hasgoneto填空 1 Whereisyourbrother He theshop He llbebacksoon 2 youever toAmerica Yes I NewYorktwice 3 Hereyouareatlast Where you I London 4 David Australia I msurehe salreadyarrived 5 IsBennyhere No he theschoollibrary Heleftfiveminutesago hasgoneto Havebeento havebeento havebeen havebeento hasgoneto hasgoneto Exercises Tom在哪儿 他去书店买书了 我在北京待了5年了 Jack去过上海两次了 WhereisTom Hehasgonetothebookshoptobuysomebooks IhavebeeninBeijingfor5years JackhasbeentoShanghaitwice 1 When 特殊疑问词 什么时候 不用于现在完成时 因为它是对动作所发生的时间提问的 而现在完成时的动作却是过去所发生的 e g WhereisTom Hehasgonetothezoo Whendidhego Hewenttherethismorning 注意 2 被形容词最高级所修饰的名词后的定语从句 that引导 中 一般用现在完成时态 Thisisthemostdeliciousfood that I veevereaten 这是我所吃过的最美味的食物 Sheisthemostbeautifulgirl that I veeverseen 她是我见过的最美丽的姑娘 3 Itisthefirst secondtime 现在完成时Thisis the最高级 名词 that 现在完成时 Thisisthefirsttime that I veheardhimsing 这是我第一次听他唱歌 ItisthefirsttimethatIhaveseensuchabeautifulgirlItwasthethirdtimethattheboyhasbeenlate ThisisthebestfilmthatI ve ever seen 这是我看过的最好的电影 典型例题 1 Doyouknowourtownatall No thisisthefirsttimeI here A wasB havebeenC cameD amcoming 2 Haveyou beentoourtownbefore No it sthefirsttimeI here A even comeB even havecomeC ever comeD ever havecome D B 当堂检测一 句式变换 5分 每空1分 1 JackhasvisitedChinabefore 改为否定句 JackvisitedChinabefore 2 Theyhavecomeintotheclassroom 改为一般疑问句 comeintotheclassroom 3 Hehasbeenherefor12years 划线提问 hashebeenhere hasn t Havethey Howlong 1 Hehasneversurfed 改成反意疑问句 2 Theyhavebeenheresince2000 对划线部分提问 havetheybeenhere 3 Theoldman lastyear He forayear die 动词填空 hashe Howlong died hasbeendead 4 Thisfactoryopenedtwentyyearsago 同义句转换 Thisfactory fortwentyyears 5 MissGaoleftanhourago 同义句转换 MissGao anhourago 6 HermotherhasbeenaPartymemberforthreeyears 同义句 Hermother thePartythreeyears 7 TheGreenFamilymovedtoFrancetwoyearsago 同义句转换 twoyears theGreenfamilymovedtoFrance 8 Thebushasarrivedhere Itarrivedtenminutesago 把两个句子合并成一个句子 hasbeenopen hasbeenawaysince joined ago Itis since Thebushasbeenherefortenminutes Correcting 1 Ihaveborrowedthebookfor3months 2 Mybotherhasjoinedthearmysincehewas18 3 JackandTomhavelivedheresince5years 4 ThefilmhasbeenonsinceIhavecometothecinema 5 WhenhasMr Licaughtabadcold havekept hasbeenin beenamemberofthearmy since5yearsago for5years came did catch 6 Tenyearshavepassedsincetheygotmarried 7 JimhasgonetoBeijingfor2years 8 Whattimehavethefactoryopened 9 IhavegonetoChunhuaMiddleSchooltwice has hasbeenin did open beento 写出下列动词的过去式及过去分词1become 2break 3bring 4build 5bite 6catch 7choose 8cut 9fall 10fly 11forget 12grow 13hit 14hurt 15keep 16lend 17lose 18meet 19put 20read 21ring becamebecome brokebroken broughtbrought builtbuilt bitbit caughtcaught chosechosen cutcut fellfallen flewflown forgotforgotten grewgrown hithit hurthurt keptkept lentlent lostlost metmet putput readread rangrung Exercises 1 You veneverseensuchawonderfulfilmbefore A haven tyouB haveyouC doyouD don tyou 2 Ihavewatchedthegame When you it A have watchedB do watchC did watchD will watch 3 Mr Green inChinasincefiveyearsago A livedB haslivedC livesD isgoingtolive 4 Hisgrandma fortwoyears A diedB hasdiedC wasdeadD hasbeendead B C B D 5 WhereisHanMeinow She toShanghai Shewillbebackintwodays A hasgoneB hasbeenC goesD hadgone 6 you totheUnitedStated No never butIwenttoCanadaafewyearsagoA Have beenB Have goneC Did goD Do go 7 Youhaven tchangedyourmind A doyouB areyouC haveyouD didyou 8 Howlonghaveyou thefootballteamoftheschool A playedB beenatC joinedDbeenon A A C D 9 Wherehaveyou thesedays Ihave toKunmingwithmyfriends Abeen goneBbeen beenCgone beenDgone gone 10 Howlonghaveyou thisbook A boughtB borrowedC hadD lent 11 Excuseme youseenthefilmyet Yes I itlastnight Ahave seeBhave haveseenChave seenDhave saw 12 Hehasneverriddenahorsebefore A isheB isn theC hasn theD hashe B C D D 1 Bothhisparentslooksad Maybethey what shappenedtohim knew haveknown mustknow willknow2 Hehas beentoShanghai hashe already never ever still3 HaveyoumetMrLi just ago before amomentago4 Thefamouswriter onenewbookinthepasttwoyear iswriting waswriting wrote haswritten B B C D 5 Ourcountry alotsofar Yes Ihopeitwillbeeven haschanged well changed good haschanged better changed better6 ZhaoLan already inthisschoolfortwoyears was studying will study has studied are studying7 We XiaoLisinceshewasalittlegirl know hadknown haveknown knew8 HarryPotterisaverynicefilm I ittwice willsee haveseen saw see C C C B 9 ThesefarmershavebeentotheUnitedStates Really When there willtheygo didtheygo dotheygo havetheygone10 you yourhomeworkyet Yes I itamomentago Did do finished Have done finished Have done havefinished will do finish11 Hisfather thePartysince1978 joined hasjoined wasin hasbeenin12 Doyouknowhimwell Sure We friendssincetenyearsago were havebeen havebecome havemade B B D B 13 Howlonghaveyou here Abouttwomonths been gone come arrived14 Hurryup Theplay fortenminutes hasbegun hadbegun hasbeenon began15 It tenyearssinceheleftthearmy is has will was16 MissGreenisn tintheoffice she tothelibrary hasgone went willgo hasbeen A C A A 17 Myparents Shandongfortenyears havebeenin havebeento havegoneto havebeen18 Thestudentshavecleanedtheclassroom A sotheyB don ttheyC havetheyD haven tthey19 hasMrWhitebeenamemberofGreenerChinasincehetoChina A Howsoon comesB Howoften gotC Howlong cameD Howfar arrived20 Hisuncleformorethan9years A hascomehereB hasstartedtoworkC haslivedthereD haslefttheuniversity A D C C A 用have has been或have has gone填空 A Where LiFei B He toHainanIsland A Howlong he there B He thereforthreedays A Whenwillhecomeback doyouknow B I mafraidhewon tcomebackrecently A CouldyoutellmethewaytoHainanIsland B Sorry I never there A Howmanytimes LiFei tothatplace B He thereonlyonce has gone hasbeen has been hasbeen have been has been hasbeen B 用have hasbeento in havegoneto的各种形式填空 1 WhereisJack He hiscountry 2 Howlong you thisvillage 3 TheSmiths Beijingforyears 4 youever America Yes I theremanytimes 5 I thisschoolsincethreeyearsago hasbeento have beenin havebeenin Have beento havebeen havebeenin 汉译英 1 吉姆已做完作业 他现在有空了 2 他昨天收到一封信 3 我父亲以前到过长城 Jimhasfinisheddoinghishomeworkalready Heisfreenow Hereceivedaletteryesterday MyfatherhasbeentotheGreatWallbefore 4 她还没有看过那部新电影 5 她去过上海 6 他这些天上哪儿去了 Shehasn tseenthenewfilmyet ShehasbeentoShanghai Wherehashebeenthesedays Exercises IamanAmericanboyIcametoChinatwoyearsago I study herefortwoyears Myfatheroften take me play footballontheplayground LastweekI take totheparkbyhim Wesawalotofmonkeys jump inthetree IheardavoicefrombehindWhenI walk alongtheriver Ithoughtmyself Itmust be Mr Brown He take photos We enjoy thatday We go backtoAmericanextweek havestudied takes toplay Wastaken waked jump be istaking enjoyed willgo