非谓语动词讲解课件.ppt

Nonfiniteverbs 非谓语动词 1 todo2 ing3 done 谓语 说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态 它有人称 数 时态和语态的变化 e g Heworks Hetakescareofthebaby HewillgotoShanghai Hedidn tgotoShanghai HehasgonetoShanghai Youarestudents Youlooksmart 单谓语或动词短语 情态动词 助动词 v 系动词 表语 非谓语 无人称 数的变化 不单独作谓语 但保留动词特点 可以有宾语或状语 e g Heworks Hewantstoworkhere Heisworkingnow Hehasdonehiswork 非谓语 不定式 todo V ing V ed asanoun asadj oradv 现在分词 动名词 过去分词 非谓语动词的分类 使用条件 一个句子当中 已经存在一个主句 谓语动词 又没有连词的情况下 还有别的动词出现时 这些动词就充当了非谓语动词 非谓语动词的 Tomreturnedfromthemanager soffice tellingmethatthebosswantedtoseemeatonce 2 Thenewsmeeting tobeheldinthathall hasalreadybeencrowdedwithreporters 3 Iheardthegirlsingingintheclassroom 4 ThemantalkingwithmyfatherisMr Wang 5 Toliveistostruggle 生活就是斗争 找出下列句子中的非谓语动词 含短语 高考热点 一 不定式与动名词做主语 1 动名词做主语往往表示泛指的 一般的行为 不定式做主语常表示某次具体的行为或将来的动作 e g Climbingmountainsisgreatfun 爬山很有趣 TovisitChinaismynextgoal 2 不定式做主语 一般用it当形式主语 把作主语的不定式短语后置 e g Ittookmeonlyfiveminutestofinishthejob 3 动名词作主语有时用it作形式主语 把动名词置于句尾 常见于以下句型中 It suse good fun It suseful nice useless e gIt sniceseeingyouagain 辨析几类情况 1 alanguagerequirestimeandeffort A LearnB LearningC TolearnD Beinglearned2 Itisnotalwayseasy invitations A torefuseB refusingC toberefusedD beingrefused3 How theproblemwillbediscussedattomorrow smeeting A tosolveB tobesolvedC beingsolvedD solving4 It forty fiveminutes therebybus A cost togetB takes gettingC takes togetD takes togetto5 Itisnogood Youshouldgive A tosmoke itupB smoking itupC smoking upitD tosmoke upit 二 不定式与动名词做宾语 1 下列动词后常跟不定式做宾语 want wish hope expect ask afford agree choose pretend decide happen learn offer refuse fail plan prepare order manage promise intend等 e g Heagreedtogetsomeonetohelpus Theypromisednottobreaktheschoolrulesagain 只能接不定式作宾语的动词口诀 决定想做计划需要同意能做被用来做的事迫不及待下决心做过去常常未能做的事 决定想做计划需要同意能做被用来做的事 decidetodosth 决定做某事want wouldliketodosth 想做某事plantodosth 计划做某needtodosth 需要做某事agreetodosth 同意做某事affordtodo能做某事beusedtodo被用来做 迫不及待下决心做过去常常未能做的事 can twaittodo迫不及待地要做某事makeupone smindtodo下决心做某事usedtodo过去常常做某事failtodo未能做某事 2 在下列动词或动词短语后常用动名词做宾语 admit advise allow avoid bear cannothelp consider delay enjoy finish giveup imagine include keep keepon mind miss putoff permit practice resist risk suggest stand insiston bebusy beworth feellike can tstand thinkof dreamof befondof prevent from keep from stop from protect from beengagedin spend in succeedin admitto be get becomeusedto beequalto devote to getdownto lookforwardto objectto stickto taketo seeto leadto payattentionto等 只能接 ing作宾语的动词口诀 喜欢花费忙着想象忍不住想要结束练习错过建议保持介意值得考虑 押韵 喜欢花费忙着想象忍不住想要结束练习 enjoydoingsth 喜欢做某事spend doingsth 花费 做某事bebusydoingsth 忙于做 imaginesb doingsth 想象 做某事can thelpdoingsth 忍不住做某事feellikedoingsth 想要做某事finishdoingsth 完成做某事practicedoingsth 练习做某事 missdoingsth 错过做某事suggestdoingsth 建议做某事keep on doingsth 保持 继续 做某事minddoingsth 介意做某事beworthdoingsth 值得做某事considerdoingsth 考虑做某事 错过建议保持介意值得考虑 介词 doing 常考介词 at in onof off for fromup about withoutto等等 begoodatdoingsth擅长做某事beinterestedindoingsth 对做某事感兴趣insistondoing坚持做某事beusedfordoingsth 被用来做某事thanksb fordoingsth 谢谢某人做某事betiredofdoingsth 厌烦做某事beafraidofdoingsth 害怕做某事 putoffdoing推迟做某事stopsb fromdoingsth 阻止某人做某事giveupdoingsth 放弃做某事withoutdoingsth 没有做某事thinkaboutdoingsth 考虑做某事What Howaboutdoing做某事怎么样 此to非彼to lookforwardtodoingsth 盼望 payattentiontodoingsth 注意 beusedtodoingsth 习惯于 preferdoingsthtodoingsth 更喜欢 devotetodoingsth 致力于 makeacontributiontodoing 做贡献 特殊词精讲 stopdoing todo stoptodo停下来去做另一件事 stopdoing停止正在做的某事 Eg 他们停下来吸烟 Theystoptosmoke 我必须戒烟了Imuststopsmoking forgettodo忘记要去做某事 forgetdoing忘记做过某事 Eg 办公室的灯还在亮着 他忘记关了 没有做关灯的动作Thelightintheofficeisstillon Heforgottoturnitoff 他忘记他已经关了灯了 已做过关灯的动作 Heforgotturningthelightoff forgetdoing todo rememberdoing todo remembertodo记得去做某事rememberdoing记得做过某事记着放学后去趟邮局 Remembertogotothepostofficeafterschool 你不记得以前见过那个人吗 Don tyourememberseeingthemanbefore goondoing todo goontodo做了一件事后 接着做另一件事 goondoing继续做原来做的事 Eg 做完数学后 他接着去做物理 Afterhehadfinishedhismaths hewentontodohisphysics 做完这个练习后 接着做其他的练习Goondoingotherexercisesafteryouhavefinishedthisone trydoing todosth trytodosth 努力 尽力做某事Althoughmathsisdifficult Iwilltrytostudyit trydoingsth 试着做某事Themachinecouldn twork Let stryrepairingit 小试牛刀 1 Nowmoreandmorepeoplearebusy abouttheInternet A learnB tolearnC learningD learned2 It stoohot Wouldyoumind thedoor Pleasedoit A toopen OKB opening CertainlynotC opening OfcourseD toopen Goodidea3 Nomatterhowharditis we llkeep untilwemakeit A failedB failingC triedD trying 4 Areyouenjoying inNingbo Yes weare Verymuch A toliveB livingC livesD lived5 Wecouldn thelp laugh afterweheardthefunnystoryA tolaughB laughingC laughsD laughed 6 Hegaveussomeadviceonhow English A learningB learnedC tolearnD learn7 It sapayday andtheyarewaiting A payB payingC paidD tobepaid8 Idon tknowwhetheryouhappen butI mgoingtostudyintheU S AthisSeptember A tobeheardB tobehearingC tohearD tohaveheard 9 Iforgot mynamewhenIfinished thecomposition A tosign towritingB tosign writingC signing writing10 Youwerebraveenoughtoraisedobjectionsatthemeeting Well nowIregret that A todoB tobedoingC tohavedoneD havingdone11 Shecan thelp thehousebecauseshe sbusymakingacake A tocleanB cleaningC cleanedD beingcleaned 12 Martinlookssowell We veneverseenhim sowellbefore A islookedB islookingC tolookD look13 Myfatherhasdecided becausesmokingisbadforhishealth A tostoptosmokeB tostopsmokingC stoppingsmokingD stoptosmoke14Itiskind metocarrythesebooks A ofyouhelpingB foryoutohelpC ofyoutohelpD foryouhelping 15 Wouldyoulike somebreadorbiscuits Nothanks Idon tfeellikeanythingnow A tohave eatingB tohave toeatC having toeatD having eating16 Doyourememberme Tom Ah yes Iremembered youinJUSCOlastyear A seeB seesC toseeD seeing 三 不定式 动名词 现在分词 过去分词做表语 1 表示一定的概念 具有名词的性质时 不定式和动名词可以互换 e g Myhobbyiscollecting tocollectancientcoins 2 若表示具体的 个别的动作或有将来含义时 一般用不定式 e g Mywishistofindapart timejobthissummer 3 现在分词和过去分词作表语具有形容词特征 也可以作为形容词 但要注意二者的区别e g Thepartywasveryexciting Theywereveryexcitedatthenews 1 Herwishis anengineer A becomingB becomeC tobecomeD beingcome2 Somepeople sgreatestpleasureis A fishingB tofishC tobefishingD beingfish3 Thereportwasso thattheywereall A inspiring excitingB inspiring excitedC inspired excitedD inspired exciting4 Youlookpale Ifeelalittle A tireB tiredC tiringD tiresome 四 不定式 动名词 现在分词 过去分词做定语 1 不定式做定语放在所修饰的名词后 表示未发生的动作或将要发生的某一动作 e g ThetraintoarriveisfromLondon Heisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave 2 动名词做定语往往说明所修饰词的某种用途 一般放在被修饰词的前面 e g awashingmachine 动名词做定语 amachinewhichisusedforwashing 洗衣机areadingroom 动名词做定语 aroomwhichisusedforreading 阅览室 3 现在分词作定语表示主动 正在进行的动作 过去分词作定语则表示被动 或完成的意义 单个分词或形容词性的分词作定语往往放在被修饰词的前面 分词短语作定语多置于被修饰词后面 e g therisingsun 现在分词做定语 thesunwhichisrising 正在升起的太阳thechangingworld 现在分词做定语 theworldwhichischanging 变化中的世界amovingmovie感人的电影excitedvoice激动的声音 形容词性分词作定语 fallenleaves落叶abrokencup一个破了的杯子 过去分词作定语则表示被动 或完成 1 Shesaidshehadaimportantmeeting A toattendinB toattendC attendD attending2 Heisalwaysthefirst questions A toanswerB answeringC tobeansweredD beinganswered3 TheOlympicGames intheyear2012willbeagreatsuccess A beingheldB tobeheldC heldD tohold4 Thefirsttextbooks forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury A havingwrittenB tobewrittenC beingwrittenD written 5 Atpresent Englishisthemainsubject here A tobetaughtB beingtaughtC teachingD tobeteaching6 Whoarethosepeoplewiththebanner Agroup itselftheLeagueforpeace A callingB callsC calledD iscalled7 Thepen belongstome A whichitisonthetableB lyingonthetableC isonthetableD whichonthetable 五 不定式 现在分词 过去分词做补足语 1 在 动词 宾语 不定式 结构中 不定式作宾语补足语 宾语 不定式 构成了复合宾语 有些动词要求不定式不带to 有些要求必须带to 还有的带与不带都可以 以下动词后常跟带符号to的不定式做宾语补足语 ask tell want wish order persuade advise allow warn encourage cause require等 e g Thedoctoradvisedhimtostayinbedforanotherfewdays Wewishhimtoremainandacceptthepost 我们希望他留下来接受这个职位 接不定式作宾语补足语的动词口诀 请求与命令想要邀请期待鼓励与建议答应告诫允许提醒和帮助 请求与命令 asksb todosth 请求某人做某事tellsb todosth 命令某人做某事 想要邀请期待鼓励与建议 wantsb todosth 想要某人做某事invitesb todosth 邀请某人做某事expectsb todosth 期待某人做某事encouragesb todosth 鼓励某人做某事advisesb todosth 建议某人做某事 答应告诫允许提醒和帮助 promisesb todo答应某人做某事warnsb nottodosth 告诫某人做某事allowsb todosth 允许某人做某事remindsb todosth 提醒某人做某事helpsb to dosth 帮助某人做某事 有些感官动词和使役动词 如see watch hear feel notice observe lookat listento let have make keep get等后常跟不带符号to的不定式做宾语补足语 常表动作的整个过程 e g Wenoticedhimenterthehouse 我们留意到他进了那所房子 Thebossmadethemworktwelvehoursaday 老板让他们一天干12小时工作 省略to的情况 使役动词和感官动词后 一感二听三让四看feel hear listento let make have lookat see watch noticehadbetter not dosth 最好 不 做 whynot whydon tyoudosth为什么不做 helpsb to dosthWouldrather宁愿做 wouldyouplease情态动词 do助动词 do 牛刀小试 1 Mymotheroftenasksme somecleaningonSundaysAdoB doesC didD todo2 DoyouoftenhearJohn inhisroom Listen Nowwecanhearhim inhisroom A sing tosingB sing singC sing singingD tosing singing3 Iwatchedher inthenextroomlastnight A dancingB todanceC dancesD dance4 Let s swimmingaftertheexam A goB goesC togoD went5 You dbetter abus A tocatchB catchC catchesD catching 6 ThedoctoradvisedLaoLi morerest A thathegetB togetC wouldgetD get7 Soontheysawtheboy inthecrowd A disappearB todisappearC disappearsD disappeared8 Birdsareseldomheard atnight A singB singingC tosingD tobesinging 2 现在分词做补足语分两种情况 形容词性质的现在分词作补足语 e g Ifindthebookveryinteresting 我发现这本书非常有趣 宾语补足语 Theboyisfoundveryannoying 发现这个小男孩很令人讨厌 主语补足语 动词性质的现在分词作补足语 感官动词和使役动词 如see watch hear feel notice observe lookat listento let have make keep get等后可以跟表示动作性质的现在分词作补足语 表示 正在或持续做某事 e g Iseehimpassingbyabank 我看见他正经过一家银行 宾语补足语 Hewasseenworkinginthegarden 有人看见他正在花园里干活 主语补足语 1 Hekeptme formanyhours A towaitB havingbeenwaitedC waitingD waited2 Mothercaughttheboy inthecorner A smokeB tosmokeC smokingD beingsmoked3 HavingreadtheEmperor sNewClothes weallfoundit A interestB interestedC interestingD tointerest 区分下列词组 seesb doing dosth hearsb doing dosth watchsb doing dosth noticesb doing dosth 感官动词see watch lookat notice hear listento feel do表示动作的完整性 doing表示动作的进行性 注意 被动语态中不能省去to 3 过去分词 done 做宾语补足语 说明宾语的性质或状态 与宾语一起构成复合宾语 其前的宾语是它的逻辑主语 若是及物动词的过去分词 既表示被动 也可以表示动作已经完成 即先于谓语动词 若是不及物动词的过去分词 则只表示完成 句子由主动变被动时 宾语补足语相应的变为主语补足语 Thebossfoundhisplancarriedoutsuccessfully Theboywasfoundlostintheforest HaveyouheardthissongsunginJapanese 宾补 ThissongisoftenheardsungeverywhereinChina 主补 1 Ineedthischapter beforetomorrow A rewritingB rewrittenC rewriteD towriteagain2 Whenshereturnedhome shefoundthewindowopenandsomething A tostealB losingC missedD stolen3 Therewassomuchnoisethatthespeakercouldnotmakehimself A beingheardB heardC hearingD hear 六 不定式 现在分词 过去分词做状语 1 不定式做状语 主要表示目的 结果 原因以及评论性状语 不定式往往放在系表结构后面 表示产生某种情绪或状态的原因 e g ShewassurprisedtoseeJimwalkin 看到吉姆进来 她很惊讶 不定式可以单独作目的状语 有时为了强调目的性 在不定式前可以加上inorder soas e g Tosucceed onemustfirstofallbelieveinhimself Inordertokeepwarm weshutallthewindows 不定式表结果 常用在too to enough to结构中 有时不定式前加上only 表示出人意料的结果 e g Thechildisoldenoughtodresshimself Wehurriedtothestationonlytobetoldthatthetrainhadleft Thehusbandlefthiswife nevertoreturn 有些不定式是用来表示说话者的观点或态度的 放在句子之外 修饰整个句子 我们称之为评论性状语 e g Ihaveneverseensuchaperson totellyouthetruth Tocutalongstoryshort wedisagree 长话短说 我们不同意 六 不定式 现在分词 过去分词做状语 1 Ihaveenjoyedmyvisithere I llbeverysorry A forleavingB ofleavingC toleaveD left2 Iwenttoseehim himout A findingB findC onlytofindD onlyfound 2 现在分词做状语可表示时间 原因 结果 伴随 方式 目的以及作评论性状语等 现在分词的一般式作时间状语 往往表示动作与谓语动词同时发生或相继发生 现在分词的完成式作时间状语 往往表示动作先于谓语动词发生 e g Hearingthenews theyalljumpedforjoy Havingfinishedhisspeech heansweredourquestions 作原因状语 Livingfarfromtheschool Ihavetogetupearlyinthemorning 作结果状语 常位于句尾 前面的主句表示原因 后面的分词短语表示直接造成的结果 e g Thefirelastedawholenight causinggreatdamage 作伴随或方式状语 表示与谓语动词同时发生的另一动作 e g FollowingTom westartedtoclimb 我们跟随汤姆开始爬山 Shecameridingabrand newbike 她骑着一辆崭新的自行车来的 现在分词作目的状语往往具有伴随性 多放于句尾 且与主句间用逗号隔开 e g Janekeptsilent tryingnottoshowherfeelings 作评论性状语 有些惯用的分词短语在句中可以独立存在 它们用来修饰全句 表明说话者的态度 观点等 常见的有 generallyspeaking一般说来strictlyspeaking严格说来roughlyspeaking大致说来narrowlyspeaking狭义上说judgingfrom by由 判断 e g Judgingfromheraccent shemustcomefromAustralia 1 thecryforhelp peopleimmediatelyrushedoutoftherooms A TohearB HearingC HavingheardD Theyhearing2 Hello hereachedouthishand A SaidB SayingC TalkedaboutD Talkingto 3 过去分词在句中可作时间 原因 条件 伴随 方式等状语 过去分词作时间状语可置于句首 也可以置于句尾 有时还可以置于主语和谓语之间 Askedabouthisaddress theboydidn trespond Seenfromthehill thecitylooksmagnificent 作原因状语 常置于句首 InfectedwiththeH1N1 thelittleboywasseparatedfromtheotherchildren 作条件状语 United westand divided wefall 合则立 分则败 作伴随或方式状语 Thepopstarhurrieduptohercar followedbyherfans 1 fromthetallestbuilding thewholecitylooksverybeautiful A SeeB SawC SeeingD Seen2 thepast ourlifeismuchbetter A ComparingwithB BecomparedwithC TocomparewithD Comparedwith Goodbye