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2019年山东菏泽市中考英语：动词及动词短语考点一 常见易混动词辨析1spend/pay/cost/take表示“花费”spend主语是人，指花费时间和金钱。spend. on.; spend. (in) doing sth.pay主语是人，指花费金钱。pay. for.spend. oncost主语是物或某种活动，指花费金钱或其他代价。sth. cost(s) (sb.).take多用it作形式主语，指花费时间。It takes sb. . to do sth.Sb. spend(s). (in) doing sth.Mom never spends any money on herself.妈妈从来都不在自己身上花钱。May I borrow 12 yuan from you? Ill pay it back next week.你能借给我12块钱吗？我下周还你。It wont cost you a penny for the first six months.开始的六个月你不用花一分钱。It took them three years to build this road.他们用三年时间修完了这条路。2look/watch/see/read 表示“看”look看(动作)；可单独成句；look at.watch看(电视、比赛)；注视see看见(结果)；看望；理解(I see.)read看(书、报)；读；读懂别人的内心look可以表示“看上去”，是感官系动词，后接形容词。看病(看医生)用see a doctor表示。3speak/say/talk/tell表示“说”speak发言；说(某种语言)say说(内容)；写有talk谈论；talk about sth.; talk to/with sb.tell告诉；讲述；tell sb. (not) to do sth.4.感官动词look/taste/sound/feel/smelllook看起来(视觉)taste尝起来(味觉)sound听起来(听觉)feel摸起来(触觉)smell闻起来(嗅觉)5.borrow/lend/keep表示“借”borrow借用；borrow sth. from sb.lend借给；lend sth. to sb.keep借用若干时间；keep. for 2 days6hope/wish/expecthope希望；hope to to sth.; hopethat 从句wish但愿、希望；wish to do sth.; wish sb. to do sth.; wishthat 从句expect期待、期望； expect to do sth.; expect sb. to do sth.7.forget/leaveforget表示“忘记”时，forget通常不能与表示地点的副词或短语连用leave在表示“遗忘”时，通常要与表示地点的状语连用8.hear/listen/soundhear听见；hear名词(强调听的结果)listen听；listen to名词(强调听的过程)sound听起来； sound形容词(强调听的效果)9.wear/put on/dress/be inwear“穿着；戴着”，强调状态，wear后可接穿戴的东西，包括眼镜、首饰等put on“穿上；戴上”，指“穿”的动作，反义词为“take off”dress“穿衣”，是及物动词，后接人作宾语，意为“给某人穿衣服”；dress onself“打扮；给自己穿衣服”be in表示状态，后接衣服，也可接表颜色的词10.reach/get/arrivereach“到达”，是及物动词(比get更正式)，其后可直接接地点名词作宾语(不能用介词)get“到达”，不及物动词，之后通常接介词 toarrive“到达”，不及物动词，之后通常接介词 at (一般用于较小的地方)或 in (一般用于较大的地方)1(xx山东菏泽单县常青学校模拟三)I meeting Jack today because I am still angry with him.Come on, Mary. You are good friends.Aavoid Bexpect Cenjoy2(xx广东普宁模拟改编)I dont know the restaurant, but its to be quite a good one.Asaid Btold Cspoken3(xx广西贵港港南二模改编)How much money did he you yesterday?500 yuan. I told him I would return it to him in three weeks.Agive Bborrow Clend4.(xx甘肃定西中考改编)I cant find my English textbook.Is it possible that you it at home?Alost Bforgot Cleft5(xx四川泸州中考改编)It about eight minutes for the light to travel from the sun to the earth.Acosts Bspends Ctakes考点二 动词短语辨析常考的动词短语辨析有三种：第一种是同一动词的不同搭配；第二种是同一副词或介词与不同动词的搭配；第三种是完全不同的动词短语。1同一动词的不同搭配(1)look短语look after照料；照顾look at看look for寻找；寻求look forward to盼望；期待look out注意；当心；向外看look through快速查看；浏览look up(在词典、参考书中或通过电脑)查阅；抬头看look up to钦佩；仰慕(2)cut短语cut down砍倒cut off切除cut out删除；删去cut up切碎(3)run短语run after追逐；追赶run away跑开run out (of)用尽；耗尽(4)turn短语turn down调低turn up调高turn. into变成turn on接通(电流、煤气、水等)；打开turn off关掉turn left/right向左/右转(5)take短语take after(外貌或行为)像take care of照顾；处理take down拆除；往下拽；记录take in吸入；吞入(体内)take off脱下；起飞take place发生；出现take up (尤指为消遣)学着做；开始做(6)get短语get dressed穿上衣服get into陷入；参与get lost迷路get off下车get on 上车get on with与相处get up起床；站起(7)use短语be/get used to习惯于be used to do被用来做used to曾经；过去(8)give短语give away赠送；捐赠give out分发；散发give up放弃give in屈服give off 发出(光、气味等)；长出(枝、杈等)(9)call短语call (sb.) back(给某人)回电话call in召来；叫来call up打电话给(某人)；征召(10)come短语come true实现；成为现实come up with想出；提出(主意、计划、回答等)(11)bring短语bring back恢复；使想起；归还bring up养育；抚养bring out使显现；使表现出(12)fall短语fall asleep进入梦乡；睡着fall down突然倒下；跌倒；倒塌fall in love爱上；喜欢上fall over绊倒(13)go短语go along (the street) 沿着(这条街)走go off (闹钟)发出响声go out外出(娱乐)(14)make短语make sure确保；查明make up编造(故事、谎言等)make a decision 做决定make fun of 取笑make use of 利用(15)put短语put on增加(体重)；发胖put off推迟put up搭起；举起；张贴put away收拾(整理)好put sth. to good use好好利用某物put out熄灭(16)set短语set out出发；启程set up建起；建立2同一副词或介词与不同动词的搭配(1)up短语cheer up(使)变得更高兴；振奋起来clean up打扫(或清除)干净dress up装扮；乔装打扮end up最终成为；最后处于fix up修理；装饰grow up长大；成熟hurry up赶快；急忙pick up捡起；接电话show up赶到；露面stay up熬夜wake up醒；叫醒(2)out短语blow out吹灭check out察看；观察clear out清理；丢掉find out查明；弄清hand out分发hang out闲逛；常去某处lay out摆开；布置leave out不包括；不提及；忽略sell out卖光set out出发；启程work out成功地发展；解决(3)down短语die down逐渐变弱；逐渐消失look down瞧不起let. down使失望lie down躺下pull. down拆下；摧毁write down写下；记录下(4)with短语agree with同意；赞成compare. with比较；对比connect. with.把和连接或联系起来deal with应付；处理share with分享part with放弃、交出(尤指不舍得的东西)3完全不同的动词词组ask for请求；恳求(给予)care for照顾；非常喜欢believe in信任；信赖care about关心；在意clean. off把擦掉depend on依靠；信赖divide. into把分开separate from分开；分离hear from接到(某人的)信、电话等throw away扔掉；抛弃drop by顺便访问；随便进入stick to坚持；固守pay attention to注意；关注pass by路过；经过pay for付费；付出代价prepare for.为做准备pull together齐心协力；通力合作shut off关闭；停止运转take sb.s place代替、替换某人的位置think of认为1(xx山东菏泽单县常青学校模拟三)Its time for the weather report. Could I the TV, Dad?Go ahead, please. I also want to know about the weather for tomorrow.Aturn on Bturn off Cturn down2(xx山东临沂费县一模改编)In a basketball game, its very important for the players to play together and the best in each other.Ahand out Bbring out Ctake out3(xx黑龙江哈尔滨道外模拟)One of the biggest problems for me is procrastination(拖延症). What should I do? what you need to do first, and go for it today.AWatch out BWork out CWear out4(xx湖北丹江口3月诊断改编)Be careful not to the letter “b” when you spell the word “climb”Thank you for reminding me of that.Alay out Bleave out Cbring out5(xx江苏常州常熟一模改编)Excuse me, sir. But smoking is not allowed here.Sorry, I didnt see the sign. Ill my cigarette(香烟) at once.Aput out Bput away Cput up6(xx安徽中考改编)Some animals can the color around to protect themselves.Atake on Bsee off Cput away7(xx湖北襄阳中考改编)Mom, can I leave the chores till tomorrow?Im afraid not. You cant todays work till tomorrow.Aput off Bturn down Cgive away8(xx湖北宜昌中考改编)Were not supposed to those who failed.No one can be a winner all the time.Aturn out Blaugh at Cspread out考点三 情态动词原形与过去式用法例句can/could表示能力(be able to)Tom can swim.Tom is able to swim.(疑问句中)表示请求Can I help you?Could you give us a hand？(否定、疑问句中)表示可能性Can the news be true?The boy cant be Jim.may/might表示可能性(可与maybe互 换)Tony may know the way.Maybe Tony knows the way.表示客气请求May I come in？表示祝愿May you be happy.must表示义务、命令或要求We must tell the truth to our parents.表示肯定的猜测(否定猜测用cant)Lisa must be at home.(推测现在状况)You must be kidding.(推测现在正在发生)They must have seen the movie.(推测过去状况)shall/shouldShall.？用于第一人称表示提建议或请求Shall we ask the teacher for help？should用于各种人称，强调义务或责任He shouldnt be so selfish.will/would用于第二人称，疑问句中表示征求意见或提建议Will/Would you please take out the rubbish？will用于各种人称表示意愿Your parents will try their best to help you.1.情态动词过去式与原形相比，表示更委婉的语气。2mustnt表示否定意义，意为“禁止，不允许”。3have to有人称、数和时态的变化，表示受客观条件限制，意为“不得不”。She has to take the bus to work.她不得不坐公共汽车去上班。4“May.？”句式的否定回答是“No, .cant.”。“Must.？”句式的否定回答是“No, .neednt./.dont have to.”。1(xx山东菏泽单县常青学校模拟三)Ive ordered some pizza, so we worry about cooking when we get home tired.Acant Bmustnt Cneednt2(xx内蒙古通辽中考改编)Where are you going for your summer holidays? I go to Dalian. I havent decided.Amay Bneed Cmust3(xx江苏盐城中考改编)Look, little Jim is swimming so fast. I believe my eyes.Ashouldnt Bcant Cmustnt4(xx江苏泰州中考改编)To keep children away from danger during the coming summer holiday, parents give them some safety tips.Ashould Bmight Ccould5(xx安徽中考改编)May I watch TV, Dad?When your homework is finished, you Ashould Bcan Cmust6(xx福建中考)Must I hand in the survey on the use of bicyclesharing right now?No, you Aneednt Bcant Cshouldnt7(xx广东中考改编)Yuan Longping, a famous Chinese scientist, is now doing research on sea rice.If farmers start planting rice in salty water, Chinas food supply will surely rise.Acan Bmay Cmust考点四 系动词/助动词1系动词本身没有词义，不能单独作谓语，只能和表语一起构成谓语，说明主语的身份、性质、特征等。分类常见例词表示状态的系动词be表示持续性的系动词keep, remain, stay, stand表示感官的系动词taste, smell, feel, look, sound 表示变化的系动词become, turn, go, grow, get2助动词be3助动词do有人称和时态的变化，主要用来构成谓语是实义动词的句子的否定句、疑问句或对谓语动词进行强调。Do you know China well？你很了解中国吗？Did your father call you yesterday？你爸爸昨天给你打电话了吗？4助动词have与过去分词构成各种时态。You havent been abroad before, have you？你以前没出过国，是不是？(2019原创)Do you really want to buy this pants?Yes. I Ado Bdid Cwant参考答案考点一15 AACCC 考点二15 ABBBA68 AAB考点三15 CABAB67 AA考点四A
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