莫高窟(英文ppt介绍).ppt

Doyouknowthosephotos Whereisit Followmeplease MogaoCaves莫高窟 25km 敦煌市东南部25公里处 鸣沙山上 TheMogaoCavesorMogaoGrottoesalsoknownastheCavesoftheThousandBuddhas formasystemincluded492templesandanoasisstrategically locatedatareligiousandculturalcrossroads theSilkRoad 敦煌石窟 敦煌石窟中国甘肃敦煌一带的石窟总称 包括敦煌莫高窟 西千佛洞 榆林窟 东千佛洞及肃北蒙古族自治县五个庙石窟等 中国三大石窟 LongmenGrottoes YungangGrottoes MogaoGrottoes History Dunhuangwasestablishedasafrontiergarrison 边境要塞 outpostbytheHanDynastyEmperortoprotectagainsttheXiongnuin111BC ItalsobecameanimportantgatewaytotheWest acentreofcommercealongtheSilkRoad aswellasameetingplaceofvariouspeopleandreligionssuchasBuddhism DuringtheTangDynasty DunhuanghadbecamethemainhubofcommerceoftheSilkRoadandamajorreligiouscentre AlargenumberofthecaveswereconstructedatMogaoduringthisera includingthetwolargestatuesofBuddhaatthesite thelargestoneconstructedin695followinganedictayearearlierbyTangEmpressWuZetiantobuildgiantstatuesacrossthecountry History AftertheTangDynasty thesitewentintoagradualdecline andconstructionofnewcavesceasedentirelyaftertheYuanDynasty Islam hadconqueredmuchofCentralAsia andtheSilkRoaddeclinedinimportancewhentradingviasea routesbegantodominateChinesetradewiththeoutsideworldTheNorthernSongDynasty thetangut 西夏 andtheYuanDynasty MogaoCavesgraduallyhastenthedecline onlyrepairedthepreviousdynastyholeroom 孔房 primarily newlybuiltextremelyfew AfterYuanDynasty alongwithSilkRoadabandoning MogaoCavesalsostoppedconstructingandisneglectedgraduallyincommonpeople sfieldofvision Afterclearin1701 hereonlythenagainmannerattention Themoderntimes peopleusualnameit ThousandBuddhasCave CAVES MogaoCavesarethenationkeyculturalrelicpreservationorgan 全国文物重点保护单位 Itisworldfamousbythefinemuralandthecast Itsbeginningconstructsat16countries formerQintimes hasbeenthroughrepeatedly16countries theNorthernDynasy Sui Tang fivegenerations Tangut theYuanandsoonallpreviousdynastiesconstructing Formsthehugescale existingcavern735 themural45000squaremeter argillaceouspaintedsculpture2415 areintheworldtheextantscaleisbiggest thecontentrichestBuddhismartplaceTheMogaoCavesextantcavern735 dividesintothenorthandsouthtwoareas SouththeareaisMogaoCaves mainbody isengagedinthereligiousactivitiesfortheclergytheplace some487caverns havethemuralormakeanidol Norththeareahas248caverns inwhichonlythen5existencemuralsormakesanidol 冥想 Butafterotherallistheplacethattheclergyleadsapiouslife 僧侣修行 Twoareatotal492cavernexistencemuralandmakesanidol hasthemural45 000squaremeter theargillaceouspaintedsculpture2415 TangSongmuconstructscliffeave5 aswellasseveralthousandlotusflowerpillars spreadoutonthefloorthedecorativebrickandsoon Thisare248cavesofnorthwhichhasalsobeenfoundtothenorthwhichwerelivingquarters 住处 meditationchambers 冥想室 andburialsites 土葬 forthemonks Thecavesareclustered 聚合 togetheraccordingtotheirera withnewcavesfromanewdynastybeingconstructedindifferentpartofthecliff Murals Sculptures Themuralsonthecavesspannedalongperiodofhistory fromthe5thtothe14thcenturyThemuralsarelargelyofBuddhisttheme somehoweverareoftraditionalmythicalthemes 传统神话主题 andportraits 画像 ofpatrons 赞助人 Therearearound2 400survivingclaysculpturesatMogao Thesewerefirstconstructedonawoodenframe paddedwithreed thenmodelledinclaystucco 粘土 andfinishedwithpaintTheearlysculptureswerebasedonIndianandCentralAsian中亚prototypes 原型 withsomeinGreco Indian 印度希腊王国 styleofGandhara 古印度 OvertimethesculpturesshowedmoreChineseelementsandbecamegraduallysinicized 中国化 EarlymuralsshowedastrongIndianandCentralAsianinfluenceinthepaintingtechniquesused AdistinctDunhuangstyle 截然不同的的敦煌风格 howeverbegantoemerge 浮现 duringNorthernWeiDynasty themuralsoftheMogaoCaves XuanzangperformingceremoniesfortheBuddha敦煌壁画中的唐僧礼佛图 WorshippingBodhisattva cave285 WeiDynasty 432窟菩萨 西魏 迦叶第427窟中心柱南龛隋代 Dancer cave220 earlyTangDynasty 328窟阿难初唐 322窟天王初唐 55窟力士宋 419窟菩萨 阿难隋 384窟供养菩萨盛唐 阿难第45窟龛南侧盛唐 427窟佛 菩萨隋 彩塑一铺第45窟盛唐 45窟迦叶盛唐 LateTang Themuralcommemorating 纪念 victoryofZhangYichaoovertheTibetans Cave156 WifeofDunhuangrulerCaoYanlu Cave61 FiveDynasties Cave409 WesternXia 最大的壁画 五台山图 宋代 长13 45米 高3 42米 飞天壁画 VALUE ThetravelofZhangQiantotheWest Sakyamuni释迦牟尼 Banditattacks强盗袭击 96号窟 俗称九层楼 莫高窟第一大佛像弥勒佛 高33米 130窟弥勒像 莫高窟的第二大佛像 高26米 158窟的卧佛 MogaoGrottoesArt 目录 一 三 Muralsart 二 Paintedsculptureart Architecturalart Paintedsculptureart ADunhuangGrottoescarvedintheconglomerate inadditiontoNorthandsouthlikehillsidestonesculpture therestforthewoodenstructure ThemainDunhuangartsculpturesofBuddha Bodhisattva king JinGang andhisfollowersaslux Godetc Theformofcolorfulcolorful roundplastic floatingplastic plasticfilm plasticgoodkarmaetc 34 5metershigh minimumisonlyabout2cm goodkarmawoodandmudstone superbtechnologyandtherichsubjectmatter calledBuddhistsculpturesinthemuseum Plastic17GrottoesintheTangDynastyHexiallseriesofportraitsandstatuesandpaintedwithcrutchValet andTsuTaecho thestatuesandmuralsasawhole isChina searliestrealisticmonkreallylikeone withahighhistoricalandartisticvalue Paintedsculptureart Muralsart Richandcolorfulmurals variousBuddhiststories mountainsandscenery pavilions terracesandopenhallsetc DunhuangMogaoGrottoesmurals 11 Architecturalpainting landscapepainting flowerpattern flyingBuddhaandthenworkingpeoplewerethesceneofavarietyofproductionetc reproductionistheartofover1500yearsofSixteenStatestotheQingDynastyfolkstyleandhistoricalchanges magnificent Inalargenumberofmuralsartcanalsobefoundthattheancientartistsonthebasisofthenationalization theIran India Greeceandothercountriesoftheancientart isasymboloftheChinesenationdevelopedcivilization Themuralsofvariousdynastiesshowdifferentstylesofpainting whichreflectsthepolitical economicandculturalsituationofChinesefeudalsociety anditisagloriouschapterinthehistoryofChineseancientart Thehighestcave TheMogaoGrottoesthecliffofthesoilissoft notsuitableforproductionofstone sotheMogaoGrottoesstatuesinadditiontothefourBuddhaDunhuangMogaocolorfulstonetireclaysculpture therestarewoodenbonesclay StatueforthedeitiesofBuddhistfigures arrangedinasingleimageandimages imagesoftheBuddhainthemiddle onbothsidesoftheministeringdiscipleandBodhisattva atleastthreebody morethan11 MogaoGrottoes Thankyou