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专题十七 完形填空第1讲Mums Christmas Surprise 教学目标1. 掌握本篇完形填空中出现的高频词及长难句。2. 掌握完形填空的解题技巧，并能够指出本篇完形填空中运用到的解题技巧。3. 通过完形填空高频词、长难句等语料的积累，及完形填空解题技巧的练习，灵活应对各种完形填空题。名师点拨知识篇“巧妇难为无米之炊”，在英语学习的过程中，语料的积累至关重要。对于完形填空高频词和长难句的梳理，能够为我们今后的学习和提升打下良好的基础。亲爱的同学，老师已经为你梳理出了本篇文章中的一些高频词和长难句，快来看看你掌握了吗？一、高频词【课前检测学生的词汇量储备, 以教师提问的形式进行。具体使用中可以删去词义词性部分，给小例句提示。并标记出学生的实际掌握情况（优良差）】单词词性及词义示例备注掌握情况surprisen. 1)惊喜 2)惊讶Mums Christmas Surprise同义词：amaze; astonish相关词：surprised; surprisingv. 使惊奇What surprised me most was that they got married soon.dropv.1)落下 2)放下3)降低 4)中途卸客Molly ran back home and dropped her schoolbag on the sofa.ordern. 1)次序2)命令3)订单4)点菜Order FormMay I take your order?v.1)命令 2)订购,点菜The officer ordered them to fire.formn.1)表格 2)种类Order Formv. 组成excitedlyadv.激动地said excitedly相关词:excite; excited; excitement等walkn.散步He always walks her home.walk a dogv.1)走2)护送走3)遛savev.1)救助 2)攒钱save ones life; save money同义词：rescuetearn. 眼泪the order form torn from the catalog(商品目录)teartore torn v. 撕掉passv.1)路过2)递3)及格 4)时间流逝passed a stamp to herrealizev. 1)意识到 2)实现I didnt realizeuntilrealize ones dreamremindv.提醒；使想起handn.1)手 2)帮忙give sb. a handv. 交；递She handed me the letter.lonelyadj.孤独的；偏僻的a lonely island相关词：alone; lonelinessdesignn/v. 设计design a carcheckv. 检查check ones worksetv. 1)放置 2) 摆放餐具set the tablebookn. 书book a flight to Beijing同义词：reservev. 预定pull up停车He pulled up at the traffic lightmake ones way to 向走去Mr. Smith making his way to the doorlight up1)喜形于色 2)照亮Her eyes lit up when she saw the gloves.lightlitlit 二、长难句【课前检测学生的句型储备, 以教师提问的形式进行。可以根据提示分析句子结构完成句子翻译。】1. Molly didnt realize how white Mr. Smiths beard was until that moment.结构分析：_本句含有“notuntil”结构，表示“直到才”句子翻译：_直到那一刻Molly才意识到Smith先生的胡子是多么的白。仿句练习：直到我做了班长，我才意识到团队合作是多么重要。_I did not realize the importance of teamwork until I became the monitor of our class.2. Coming home from school every day, Molly peeked at （偷看） Dad结构分析：_本句含有“V-ing做状语”的结构，可以转换为when引导的时间状语从句：When she came home from school every day, Molly peeked at （偷看） Dad句子翻译：_每天从学校回来，Molly都会偷偷地看看爸爸仿句练习：昨天在街上走着的时候，我遇到了一位老朋友。_When I was walking on the street yesterday, I met an old friend of mine. Walking on the street yesterday, I met an old friend of mine.3. From the window they saw Mr. Smith making his way to the door, with a box in his hand.结构分析：_本句含有“see sb. doing sth”的结构，表示“看到某人正在做某事”和“with+宾语+介词短语”的结构，表示伴随的状态。句子翻译：_透过窗户，他们看到Mr. Smith手里拿着一个盒子向他家的房门走来。仿句练习：老师手里拿着书走进来。_The teacher came in , with a book in his hand.4. It was Christmas that no one would ever forget.结构分析：_本句含有“it is/wasthat”强调句型。句子翻译：_每个人都不曾忘记这个圣诞节。/正是这个圣诞节，每个人都不曾忘记。仿句练习：正是在下周我们要举行运动会。_It is next week that we will hold the sports meeting.方法篇“方法得当, 事半功倍。”只有语料的积累，没有好方法的辅助也是不够的。对于完形填空解题方法的梳理，能够帮助我们更好地理解完形填空的命题逻辑，在有足够语料积累的基础上，能够帮助我们争取高分。亲爱的同学，老师已经为你精心整理了完形填空的解题技巧，快来看看你掌握了多少？一、完形填空解题步骤第一步通读全文，把握脉络跳过空格，速读全文，把握大意。注意文中的语篇关键词，和句中的连词，如but出现后就说明句子强调的重点是but后面的内容；再如代词it指代的定是前文的单数或者不可数名词。找到关键词可以帮助我们掌握文章的大概意思及其想要传达的寓意。第二步瞻前顾后，上下求索联系上下文，运用解题策略从句子、段落、语篇层面解题，抓住文章中的上下文线索词。【具体的解题策略会在下一部分详细描述】第三步再读文章，核查答案代入答案，再读全文，反复检查，争取做到：结构正确+语义通顺+逻辑合理。二、完形填空解题策略方法方法一：词汇复现法解释“词汇复现”是指某一词汇以原词、词形变化(如protect和protection)、同义词/近义词(如road和trail)、反义词(如wrong和 correct)、上下义词(上下义是指词的总结和分解关系，上义词是总称词，下义词是被包含的个体或种类。如adult是my father的上义词；coat是clothes的下义词)等重复出现在语篇之中。例题例1：He is very kind and friendly to others. Because of his _, he is quite popular with the people around him. A. ability B. honesty C. relationship D. kindness【分析：通过上文“He is very kind and friendly to others”，由“kind”可知因为他的“善良友好”他很受欢迎。故选D。】例2：The old man tends to forget things from time to time. In other words, he is more and more _. A. forgetful B. unforgettable C. easy-going D. hard-working【分析：通过上文“The old man tends to forget things from time to time”，由“forget”可知他越来越“健忘”。故选A。（forgetful“健忘的”，unforgettable“难忘的”。）】方法方法二：上下文推理法解释“上下文推理法”是指根据对上下文的语义和整个语篇的理解，进行适当的推理判断，因此需重点注意挖空处的上下文语境，判断清楚所要表达的含义。例题例：When we talked, I discovered（发现）some differences in school life between the US and China. For example, each class lasts fifty minutes in the US. It is a little _17_ than that in China. We usually have forty minutes in each class.17. A. shorter B. longer C. earlier D. later【分析：通过上文“each class lasts fifty minutes in the US”和下文“We usually have forty minutes in each class.”可知美国每节课是50分钟，中国每节课是40分钟，根据上下文可以推断出美国的课时比中国的长，故选B。】方法方法三：逻辑推理法解释“逻辑推理法”是根据文章的逻辑关系（如因果、并列、让步、转折、时间顺序、目的、条件、选择等）进行适当的推理判断，因此需特别注意挖空处表示逻辑关系的连词（如and表并列，but和however表转折，so表因果，first of all、then和finally表顺序等）。例题例1：My youngest cousin likes Chinese Beijing Opera very much, but he cant sing 6 .6. A. badlyB. easilyC. wellD. excitedly【分析：通过上文“My youngest cousin likes Chinese Beijing Opera”和连词“but”，可以推断出前后存在转折关系，此处想要表达的含义是“喜欢但唱得不好”，故选C。】方法方法四：文化背景常识法解释“文化背景常识法”是指完形填空的文章内容往往与我们的文化生活、史地知识、生活科技等相关，有些内容是我们已经掌握的生活常识，答题时要充分调动相关知识帮助我们分析、推断。事实上，该技巧与“逻辑推断”常常交织在一起的，因为虽有背景常识，仍需简单推理。需注意中外文化的差异性，不能总是用中国人看问题的角度来看待其它国家发生的事情。例题例：There are many kinds of animals in the world. Elephants are the 1 animals that live on land. Only some kinds of whales (鲸鱼) are bigger than elephants, but they live in the 2 . 1. A. biggest B. smallest C. smaller D. bigger2. A. river B. lake C. sea D. forest【分析：第1题，众所周知：大象是陆地上最大的动物，故选A. biggest。第2题，众所周知：鲸鱼生活在大海里，故选C. sea。】方法方法五：固定搭配法解释完形填空以语境考查为主，但也有小部分题目考查语法知识、固定搭配和固定句型，解题过程中我们需要结合所学固定搭配选出正确答案。例题例1：When two people are in a conversation, the speaker will only look at the listener from time to time, in order to make sure that the listener does pay attention 13 what he or she is speaking 13. A. for B. of C. with D. to【分析：考查固定短语“pay attention to注意”，故选D。】例2：but we were relaxed when we were lying on the beach. We 10 some photos there. 10. A. got B. brought C. bought D. took【分析：考查固定短语“take photos拍照”，故选D。】语篇精讲障碍阅读【遵循完形填空“先完意，后完形”的原则，指导学生在障碍阅读的前提下领悟文章的主要意思，防止学生理解跑偏】(北京中考)Mums Christmas SurpriseMolly ran back home from school and dropped her schoolbag on the sofa. Then on the table she saw “Mums Wish Book” a mail order catalog（商品目录） from a gift shop. “Mum,” she said excitedly to herself, “this year youll get the gloves you want!” Molly had walked a dog for a neighbor and saved her 31 all year to buy Mum the gloves. She opened “Mums Wish Book” and hoped that she could find these 32 in it. Tears ran down her face when she saw the gloves in the catalog. Mum wouldnt buy them for herself, because the family had a 33 time on the farm. She once heard Mum say to Dad, “Maybe some day, Ill have the money to get them.”Molly ran out by the back door and went straight to the post office. There she carefully filled out the order form torn from the catalog.“I need to buy a stamp to 34 the form.” She said to Mr. Smith, the only worker in the post office.“Umm, a pair of gloves?” said Mr. Smith, as he passed a stamp to her.“Yes, Its a Christmas gift for Mum, but please dont tell her. Its our 35 , OK?” Molly didnt realize how white Mr. Smiths beard was until that moment. In face, he reminded her of Santa Claus.As Molly walked back home, she decided to tell Dad her secret. “Youve got to check the mailbox every day,” said Molly 36 to Dad. He nodded, with a big smile.Coming home from school every day, Molly peeked at （偷看） Dad when Mum wasnt 37 , but every time he shook his head.On Christmas Eve, Dad came back from mailbox, still empty handed. Molly felt 38 when she went to bed, because she didnt have the gloves for Mum.Before Christmas dinner, as Mum took the apple pies out of the oven, Molly began 39 the table. Suddenly, they heard someone pulling up the driveway. From the window they saw Mr. Smith making his way to the door, with a box in his hand. Mr. Smith 40 Mum the box, “I believe this is yours.”Mum looked from Dad to Molly and opened the box. Her eyes lit up when she saw the gloves. “Oh, who bought these for me?” she asked.“Santa did,” said Molly smilingly.“Ho! Ho! Ho! Merry Christmas!” Mr. Smith, with a loud laugh.It was Christmas that no one would ever forget.文章大意为 _（只给出关键词即可）参考答案：Molly gave her Mum a Christmas surprise-a pair of gloves she wanted.参考关键词：Christmas; surprise; gloves【注：程度比较好的学生可以进行无选项填空训练】语篇练习话题体裁词数建议用时实际用时正确率难度人物故事类记叙文42512-15分钟_/10(北京中考)Mums Christmas SurpriseMolly ran back home from school and dropped her schoolbag on the sofa. Then on the table she saw “Mums Wish Book” a mail order catalog（商品目录） from a gift shop. “Mum,” she said excitedly to herself, “this year youll get the gloves you want!” Molly had walked a dog for a neighbor and saved her 31 all year to buy Mum the gloves. She opened “Mums Wish Book” and hoped that she could find these 32 in it. Tears ran down her face when she saw the gloves in the catalog. Mum wouldnt buy them for herself, because the family had a 33 time on the farm. She once heard Mum say to Dad, “Maybe some day, Ill have the money to get them.”Molly ran out by the back door and went straight to the post office. There she carefully filled out the order form torn from the catalog.“I need to buy a stamp to 34 the form.” She said to Mr. Smith, the only worker in the post office.“Umm, a pair of gloves?” said Mr. Smith, as he passed a stamp to her.“Yes, Its a Christmas gift for Mum, but please dont tell her. Its our 35 , OK?” Molly didnt realize how white Mr. Smiths beard was until that moment. In face, he reminded her of Santa Claus.As Molly walked back home, she decided to tell Dad her secret. “Youve got to check the mailbox every day,” said Molly 36 to Dad. He nodded, with a big smile.Coming home from school every day, Molly peeked at （偷看） Dad when Mum wasnt 37 , but every time he shook his head.On Christmas Eve, Dad came back from mailbox, still empty handed. Molly felt 38 when she went to bed, because she didnt have the gloves for Mum.Before Christmas dinner, as Mum took the apple pies out of the oven, Molly began 39 the table. Suddenly, they heard someone pulling up the driveway. From the window they saw Mr. Smith making his way to the door, with a box in his hand. Mr. Smith 40 Mum the box, “I believe this is yours.”Mum looked from Dad to Molly and opened the box. Her eyes lit up when she saw the gloves. “Oh, who bought these for me?” she asked.“Santa did,” said Molly smilingly.“Ho! Ho! Ho! Merry Christmas!” Mr. Smith, with a loud laugh.It was Christmas that no one would ever forget.31. A. timeB. moneyC. energyD. food32. A. flowersB. sunglassesC. glovesD. chocolates33. A. hardB. lonelyC. shortD. busy34. A. designB. checkC. completeD. send35. A. secretB. choiceC. dream D. task36. A. patientlyB. doubtfullyC. proudlyD. quietly37. A. workingB. lookingC. smilingD. talking38. A. sadB. strangeC. angryD. tired39. A. pushingB. changingC. settingD. booking40. A. boughtB. handedC. lentD. returned语篇精讲：参考答案：3135 BCADA 3640 DBACB文章大意：Molly gave her Mum a Christmas surprise-a pair of gloves she wanted.答案解析：31. 通过上文“Molly had walked a dog for a neighbor and saved”和下文“to buy Mum the gloves. ”可以推断出她“省钱”给妈妈买手套，故选 B. money。32. 通过下文“she saw the gloves in the catalog”，可知茉莉想给妈妈买gloves。故选C。33.通过上文“Mum wouldnt buy them for herself”和连词“because”，可以得知前后两句话存在因果关系因为他们家的农场正值困难时期，妈妈不会自己买手套的，故选A。34. 通过上文“I need to buy a stamp to”可以推断出买邮票是为了“邮寄”填写好的表格，故选D。35.通过上文“Its a Christmas gift for Mum, but please dont tell her.”她不想告诉她的妈妈. 和下文“she decided to tell Dad her secret. ”故选A。36.根据生活常识可以得知应该悄悄地说（quietly）秘密，故选D。37.通过对整个语篇的理解，可得知给妈妈买礼物是个秘密，因此可以推断出应该在妈妈看不见的情况下，茉莉和爸爸用肢体语言交流，故选B。38.通过上文“On Christmas Eve, Dad came back from mailbox, still empty handed. ”得知礼物没得到，因此可以推断出Molly感到“悲伤”，故选A。39.根据生活常识可得知当妈妈从烤炉里拿出苹果派时作为孩子的Molly应该开始摆桌子准备吃饭，故选C.40.通过上文“Mr. Smith making his way to the door，with a box in his hand.”可以得知Mr. Smith 来送包裹了，因此可以推断出Mr. Smith自然而然的把包裹递给妈妈. 应用动词handed. 故选B。精讲笔记【学生在教师的指导下，回顾本讲中积累的完形填空的知识和方法】语篇中积累的词汇【至少10个】单词词性及词义单词的运用（鼓励学生用所学词汇造句）realize语篇中的学到的方法【根据具体教学情况归纳总结】【至少掌握2个】方法一：词汇复现法如：本篇文章中的32. ( gloves) 方法二：上下文推理法方法三：逻辑推理法方法四：文化背景常识法方法五：固定搭配法能力提升基础过关一、词汇/短语翻译单词词义、词性备注1_n. 精力、能量2_adj. 困难的；坚硬的3_adj.孤独的；偏僻的4_v./n.设计5_v. 完成 adj.完整的6_v. 检查7_v. 邮寄；送8_n.选择9_n. 任务10patiently_11doubtfully_12angry_13set_翻译：set the table 14bookv. _15_v. 返回；归还16handn. 手；_v. _翻译：give sb. a hand17_n.惊喜v. 使惊奇18_n.命令;订单v.命令;订购19_n.表格;种类20excitedly_21walkn.散步v.走; _翻译：He always walks her home.walk a dog22_v.救助;攒钱23tearn. 眼泪v. _翻译：the order form torn from the catalog(商品目录)24_v.意识到;实现25_v.提醒；使想起26pull up_翻译：He pulled up at the traffic light27make ones way to_翻译：Mr. Smith making his way to the door28light up_翻译：Her eyes lit up when she saw the gloves.二、句子翻译1. 直到那一刻Molly才意识到Smith先生的胡子是多么的白。_2. 事实上，他使她想到了圣诞老人。_3. 每天从学校回来，Molly都会偷偷地看看爸爸_4. 透过窗户，他们看到Mr. Smith手里拿着一个盒子向他家的房门走来。_5. 正是这个圣诞节，每个人都不曾忘记。_完形练习(北京中考)The Phone CallIt was getting dark. Paul looked out of the window and signed (叹气). Dad said he could come home by 5:30, but it was almost 7:00. Even if Dad came back, it wouldnt be much fun playing _31_ in the dark. Paul walked into his room and threw his baseball into the corner. He tried to do some homework, but couldnt. The phone rang at about 8:00. It was Dad: “Paul, Im _32_ , but I couldnt play baseball with you tonight. I have to finish my work at the office. Maybe we can play this weekend. Oh no. How about next weekend?.” Paul couldnt understand why Dad was so _33_ . He threw himself into the sofa and soon fell asleep. His book was still opened to the first page. The next day at school, Paul didnt hand in his homework and _34_ a test. Mrs. Green, his teacher, asked him to stay after school. “Paul, you didnt do your homework. You didnt pass the test and only got a D. This isnt like you. Whats wrong?”Paul just sat there _35_ . “Paul, if you dont want to talk, I will. I know that somethings worrying with you, but you have to get it out. You need to tell someone.” As Paul walked home, he thought of what Mrs. Green said. Maybe he didnt do his homework because he wanted to get his dads _36_ . He knew Mrs. Green was right. He decided to take her advice. When Paul got home, he _37_ his dad. But there was no answer. Then it went to voicemail (语音信箱). Paul began talking: “Dad, I cant play with you next weekend. Ive got lots of problems with my homework. Also, I really dont want to spend another day looking out of the window and waiting. Whenever you _38_ our plans, Dad, it hurts me. Its not too late to rebuild our relationship, but we have to start small. Maybe you can help me with my _39_ sometime. Dad, I love you.” As Paul ended the call, he felt much relaxed. He didnt know whether his dad would be different, but it didnt matter. He himself _40_ . He expressed his feelings to the right person. He had a clear head as he was doing his homework that evening. 31. A. baseball B. cards C. chess D. toys 32. A. lucky B. sorryC. surprised D. pleased 33. A. famous B. helpful C. lazy D. busy 34. A. made B. missed C. failed D. chose 35. A. cheerfully B. comfortably C. hopefully D. quietly 36. A. attention B. message C. praise D. trust 37. A. saw B. thanked C. called D. greeted 38. A. prepare B. break C. follow D. question 39. A. choice B. homework C. speech D. decision 40. A. regretted B. complained C. insisted D. changed参考答案基础过关一、词汇/短语翻译单词词义、词性备注1energyn. 精力、能量2hardadj. 困难的；坚硬的3lonelyadj.孤独的；偏僻的4designv./n.设计5completev. 完成 adj.完整的6checkv. 检查7sendv. 邮寄；送8choicen.选择9taskn. 任务10patientlyadv.耐心地11doubtfullyadv. 怀疑地12angryadj. 生气的13setv. 1)放置 2) 摆放餐具翻译：set the table 摆放桌子14bookv. 预定15returnv. 返回；归还16handn. 手；帮忙v.交；递翻译：give sb. a hand 帮某人个忙17surprisen.惊喜v. 使惊奇18ordern.命令;订单v.命令;订购19formn.表格;种类20excitedlyadv.激动地21walkn.散步v.1)走2)护送走3)遛翻译：He always walks her home.他总是护送她回家。22savev.救助;攒钱23tearn. 眼泪v. 撕掉翻译：the order form torn from the catalog从商品目录上撕下来的订单表格24realizev.意识到;实现25remindv.提醒；使想起26pull up停车翻译：He pulled up at the traffic light.他在红绿灯前停了下来。27make ones way to向走去翻译：Mr. Smith making his way to the doorMr. Smith向家门走来28light up喜形于色;照亮翻译：Her eyes lit up when she saw the gloves.当她看到手套时，眼睛都亮了。二、句子翻译1. Molly didnt realize how white Mr. Smiths beard was until that moment.2. In face, he reminded her of Santa Claus.3. Coming home from school every day, Molly peeked at （偷看） Dad4. From the window they saw Mr. Smith making his way to the door, with a box in his hand.5. It was Christmas that no one would ever forget.完形练习3135 ABDCD 3640 ACBBD
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