英语专业四级语法分析.ppt

专四语法 语法题目特点 比重 1 51 65题 2 用时7 5分钟 3 易 难 语法命题新趋势 难度大幅度降低 基本上不再有偏题 怪题 对语法辨认 语法术语 的考查加强 近三年语法题目统计 Myuncleisquitewornoutfromyearsofhardwork Heisnolongertheman hewasfifteenyearsago 2011 51A whichB whomC whoD that Facingtheboardofdirectors hedidn tdeny breakingtheagreement 2013 51A himB itC hisD its Mybossorderedthatthelegaldocuments tohimbeforelunch 2012 54 A besentB weresentC weretobesentD mustbesent Whichofthefollowingisacompoundword 复合词 2013 53 A NonsmokerB Deadline C MeannessD Misfit Whichofthefollowingsentencescontainssubjunctivemood 2013 54A Lucyinsistedthathersongethomebefore5o clock B Sheusedtodrivetowork butnowshetakesthecitymetro C Walkstraightahead anddon tturntillthesecondtrafficlights D PaulwillcancelhisflightifhecannotgethisvisabyFriday Whichofthefollowingitalicizedpartsisasubjectclause 主语从句 2011 60A Wearequitecertainthatwewillgetthereintime B Hehastofacethefactthattherewillbenopayrisethisyear C Shesaidthatshehadseenthemanearlierthatmorning D Itissheerluckthattheminersarestillaliveaftertendays Whichofthefollowingreflexivepronouns 反身代词 isusedasanappositive 同位语 2012 53A Hepromisedhimselfrapidprogress B ThemanagerherselfwillinterviewMary C Ihavenothingtosayformyself D Theyquarreledthemselvesredintheface 语法的核心 1 语法意识 2 语法分析 3 语法技巧 Evenanendwhichitwouldbenobletopursueifitwereattainedmaybepursuedunwiselyifitisinherentlyimpossibleofachievement 语法策略 1 扎实掌握基本语法术语 2 熟悉专四语法基本考点 3 做真题 多思考 找规律 语法学习要求 真题 2004 2013 1 1上外出版1 2以2009 2013真题为主1 3效果 会背 会解释 2 单项练习 英语专业四级语法新思维30天速成胜经 3 合理安排时间 语法辨认 一 词性 术语功能 Whichofthefollowingdeterminers 限定词 canbeplacedbeforebothsingularcountnounsandpluralcountnouns 2012 52A manyaB fewC thenextD such Whichofthefollowingreflexivepronouns 反身代词 isusedasanappositive 同位语 2012 53A Hepromisedhimselfrapidprogress B ThemanagerherselfwillinterviewMary C Ihavenothingtosayformyself D Theyquarreledthemselvesredintheface 二 成分 术语 主 谓 宾 状 补 定 同位语等功能做题技巧 弄清术语 分析结构 比较选项 Inthesentence It snousewaitingforher theitalicizedphraseis2010 61theobjectB anadverbialC acomplementD thesubject Whichofthefollowingsentenceshasanobjectcomplement 2010 63A ThedirectorsappointedJohnmanager B IgaveMaryaChristmaspresent C YouhavedonePeterafavour D SheisteachingchildrenEnglish Whichofthefollowingitalicizedpartsisusedasanobject 2011 58A Whatdoyouthinkhashappenedtoher B Whodoyouthinkthevisitingprofessoris C Howmuchdoyouthinkheearnseverymonth D Howquicklywouldyousayhewouldcome Whichofthefollowingprepositionalphrasescanfunctionasanadverbial 2012 62A Despiteoftherain everyoneenjoyedthetrip B Themanwithabeardistalkingtothemanager C Everyprecautionwastakenagainstthefailureoftheplan D AreyousureofSimon sdisappearance Whichofthefollowingreflexivepronouns 反身代词 isusedasanappositive 同位语 2012 53A Hepromisedhimselfrapidprogress B ThemanagerherselfwillinterviewMary C Ihavenothingtosayformyself D Theyquarreledthemselvesredintheface 2011 652012 57 58 59 64 三 功能 1 语气功能2 语法功能 WhichofthefollowingsentencesisaCOMMAND 2011 52A Begyourpardon B Haveagoodtime C Neverdothatagain D Whatnoiseyouaremaking ThesentencethatexpressesOFFERis2011 64A I llgetsomedrinks What llyouhave B Doessheneedtobookaticketnow C MayIknowyourname D Canyoureturnthebooknextweek Whichofthefollowingitalicizedphrasesindicatespurpose 2011 53A Shesaiditforfun butotherstookherseriously B Forallitseffort theteamdidn twinthematch C Lindahasworkedforthefirmfortwentyyears D HesetoutforBeijingyesterday Inphraseslikefreezingcold burninghot orsoakingwet the INGparticipleisused2011 55A asacommand B asacondition C forconcession D foremphasis 2010 512011 642012 55 四 句子类型 语法关系 Whichofthefollowingitalicizedpartsisasubjectclause 主语从句 2011 60A Wearequitecertainthatwewillgetthereintime B Hehastofacethefactthattherewillbenopayrisethisyear C Shesaidthatshehadseenthemanearlierthatmorning D Itissheerluckthattheminersarestillaliveaftertendays Whichofthefollowingcontainsanadverbialclauseofcause 2012 61A IgotajobassoonasIleftuniversity B Astherewasnoanswer Iwroteagain C YoumustdotheexercisesasIshowyou D Wealthyasheis Markisnotahappyman 非谓语动词 一 形式 动词不定式 现在分词 过去分词 动名词 二 功能 一个句子当中 已经存在谓语动词 又没有连词的情况下 需要非谓语动词来修饰句子的其他成分 三 命题特点 1 非谓语动词的否定式 2 动词不定式的各种形式及应用 3 ing结构 ed结构的语法功能 P136 4 非谓语动词的固定结构或习惯用法等 四 解题思路 一 首先抓住主谓结构确定主句 没有连接词 只有一个主语二 分析主动被动分析语态就是在确定主语之后 分析非谓语动词和主语在搭配使用时是主动还是被动关系 三 分析动作先后要考虑动作发生的时间先后 即时态 Ifnot withtherespecthefeelsduetohim Jackgetsveryill temperedandgrumblesallthetime 04 55A beingtreatedB treated C betreatedD havingbeentreated 04 76 Allflights becauseofthesnowstorm wehadtotakethetrain A havingcanceledB hadbeencanceledC werecanceledD havingbeencanceled 05 61 What sthechanceof ageneralelectionthisyear therebeingB theretobeC therebeD theregoingtobe 02 56 AIDSissaid thenumber onekillerofbothmenandwomenoverthepastfewyearsintheregion A beingB tobeC tohavebeenD havingbeen 独立主格 1 Agricultureisthecountry schiefsourceofwealth wheat byfarthebiggestcerealcrop a isb beenc bed being 2 Time thecelebrationwillbeheldasscheduled a permitb permittingc permittedd permits 3 There nothingmorefordiscussion themeetingcametoanendhalfanhourearlier a tobeb tohavebeenc beingd be 4 nocauseforalarm theoldmanwentbacktohisbedroom Therewasb Sincec Beingd Therebeing 5 Thecountry schiefexportsarecoal carsandcottongoods cars themostimportantofthese havebeenb arec beingd arebeing as的用法 as可以作连词 介词及关系代词和副词 1 as作连词作 在 期间 当 的时候 引导时间状语从句 eg Astimewenton by shebecamemoreandmorebeautiful Aschildrengetolder theybecomemoreandmoreinterestedineverything 一 连词 2 As Since作 既然 由于 解 引导原因状语从句 常用来表示已为人们所知或显而易见的原因或理由 eg Ashe sbeenillforages Iwillhelphim As Sinceyou renotfeelingwell youmaystayathome Ashewasn tready wewentwithouthim 3 As inthewaythat 像 按照 的方式 引导方式状语从句 eg DoasItoldyou Remember youmustdoeverythingasIdo 4 用于as as或not so as as中 前一个as是副词 后一个as是连词 引导比较状语从句 book3 unit7 eg Theyhelpedtheoldasmuchaspossible Idon tspeakEnglishso aswellasshedoes 5 表示虽然 尽管等 引导让步状语从句 常用倒装语序 模式为 adj adv n as 主语 谓语 主句 eg Youngasheis heknowsmuch Tiredastheywere theywalkedon Girlasshewas shewasverybrave 1 表示好像 如 Hedressedasapoliceman 2 表示作为当作 eg Ifoundajobasaguide 3 当某人是某身份时 eg Asachild shewassenttoabroad 二 as作介词的用法 4 as引导的介词短语大多用作状语 as译为 作为 少数情况可引起宾语补足语 eg AsaPartymember I lltaketheleadineverything 状语 Sheworksasamodel 状语 Shehasmeasoneofherbestfriends 宾语补足语 1 引导非限制性定语从句 表示正如 这一点 位置灵活 eg Heisverycareful asweallknow Asiswell known TaiwanbelongstoChina As是关系代词 例1中的as作know的宾语 例2中 它充当从句的主语 谓语动词know要用被动式 三 as作关系代词 2 当先行词被thesame such等词修饰时 常用as来引导定语从句 eg Suchaclevergirlasshecanlearnanythingquickly Iwasreadingthesamebookasheboughtyesterday 1 表示与 等同 eg Thisdressistwiceasexpensiveasthatone 2 像 如等 eg Asbefore heremainedunmoved Suchanimalsasfoxesandsquirrelshavebushytails 四 作副词的用法 suchas与assuch的区别 assuch的用法 1 表示 按照某词通用的词义 根据某词严格的词义 eg It snotanagreementassuch butitwillhavevirtuallythesameeffectasone 就协议的词义而言 它算不上是协定 但实际上起到了协定的作用 Ican tcallmybookabestsellerassuchbutit sverypopular 我不敢说我的书是畅销书 但可以说很受欢迎 2 表示 就本身而论 eg Moneyassuchwillseldombringhappiness 金钱本身很少带来幸福 Money assuch doesnotbringhappiness 金钱本身并不给人带来快乐 3 表示 以某种身份 或资格 像所指的人 或事物 那样 eg Sheisakindwomanandisknownassuch 她是位好心肠的女人 这是大家知道的 Heistheauthorofthearticle buthedoesnotdesiretobeknownassuch 他是文章的作者 但他不想让人知道他是作者 than的用法 than可以作介词 连词 一 than作介词 用于名词 代词前表比较 二 than作连词 WesternNebraskagenerallyreceiveslesssnowthan EasternNebraska 1996 inB itreceivesinC doesD itdoesin Theindoorswimmingpoolseemstobeagreatmoreluxuriousthan 1998 isnecessarybeingnecessarytobenecessaryD itisnecessary Thereoughttobelessanxietyovertheperceivedriskofmountainclimbingthan inthepublicmindtoday 1999 existsB existC existingD toexist Theexperimentrequiresmoremoneythan 2002 A havebeenputinB beingputinC hasbeenputinD tobeputin Thelessthesurfaceofthegroundyieldstotheweightofafully loadedtruck tothetruck 2003 A thegreaterstressisB greateristhestressC thestressisgreaterD thegreaterthestress 比较级的用法归纳 book3unit9 1 nomorethannotmorethanHehasnomorethanfivedollarsonhim 他身上仅有5美元 强调少 Hehasnotmorethanfivedollarsonhim 他身上带的钱不超过5美元 强调数额少于5美元 2 nomore better thannotmore better thanHeisnomorediligentthanyou 他不勤奋 你也不勤奋 两人都不勤奋 含有消极否定的意思 Heisnotmorediligentthanyou 他没有像你那样勤奋 两人都勤奋 但你更勤奋 含有积极 肯定的意思 表示程度上的差异 3 nootherthan nolessthan只有 正是 它常用来加强语气 多用于书面语 TheLondonrestaurateurFuTongquotesnoother lessthananauthoritythanConfucius 4 与其说 不如说 的表述 more thanIt smoreapoemthanapicture notsomuch asIwasn tbotheredbyhisloudnesssomuchashislackoftalent 我不是被他的噪声打搅 而是因他缺乏天赋而生气 Thelearningisnotsomuchtheacquisitionofinformationasitisaninvestigation