Unit 9 Cross-cultural Communicationppt课件

Unit9Cross CulturalCommunication 1 Whatisinterculturalcommunication 2 Initsmostgeneralsense internationalcommunicationoccurswhenamemberofonecultureproducesamessageforconsumptionbyamemberofanotherculture Moreprecisely internationalcommunicationiscommunicationbetweenpeoplewhoseculturalperceptionsandsymbolsystemsaredistinctenoughtoalterthecommunicationevent O Kovbasyuk 3 DefiningCulture Cultureisthewayoflifeofagroupofpeople Foster 1962 Cultureisthatcompletewholewhichincludesknowledge beliefs art law morals customsandanycapabilitiesandhabitsacquiredasamemberofasociety Tylor 1977 thecollectiveprogrammingofthemindwhichdistinguishesthemembersofonehumangroupfromanother Theinteractiveaggregateofcommoncharacteristicsthatinfluencesagroupsresponsetoit senvironment Hofstede 1980 4 Amoreformaldefinition Cultureisasetoflearnedcorevalues beliefs standards knowledge morals laws andbehaviorssharedbyindividualsandsocietiesthatdetermineshowanindividualacts feels andviewsoneselfandothers fromMitchell C 2000 TheShortcourseinInternationalTradeSeries InternationalBusinessCulture Shanghai ShanghaiForeignLanguageEducationpress 5 CulturalComponents LanguageReligionConflictingAttitudesMannersandCustoms EducationHumorSocialOrganizationsTheArts 6 vs 7 vs 8 vs 9 vs 10 vs 11 WhataretheSino Americanculturedifferences Let sDiscuss 12 IndividualismversusCollectivism Individualism IDV focusesonthedegreethesocietyreinforcesindividualorcollectiveachievementandinterpersonalrelationships AHighIndividualismrankingindicatesthatindividualityandindividualrightsareparamountwithinthesociety Individualsinthesesocietiesmaytendtoformalargernumberoflooserrelationships ALowIndividualismrankingtypifiessocietiesofamorecollectivistnaturewithclosetiesbetweenindividuals Theseculturesreinforceextendedfamiliesandcollectiveswhereeveryonetakesresponsibilityforfellowmembersoftheirgroup 13 China ConfucianismBuddhismTaoismAmerica ProtestantethicLiberty Democracy OriginandApplicationofChineseandAmericanculture 14 Confucianism Doctrineofthemean Neitherconservativenoraggressive Hierarchy Order Interestofcollectivityishigherthanthatofindividual Fang1999 Long termOrientation Collectivism HighPowerDistance 15 BuddhismTheeternalcycleofbirth suffering deathandrebirthFang1999Long termorientation 16 Taoism Yin YangReversionoflove hatred good bad fortune misfortuneFang1999Long termorientation 17 CharacteristicsofChineseCulture CollectivismLong termOrientation 18 OriginandApplicationofAmericanCulture ProtestantEthicPilgrimFathersIfoneworkshard heorshewillsucceed Weber1958 19 Liberty DemocracyWeholdthesetruthstobeself evident thatallmenarecreatedequal thattheyareendowedbytheirCreatorwithcertainunalienableRights thatamongtheseareLife LibertyandthepursuitofHappiness DeclarationofIndependence 20 CharacteristicsofAmericanCulture IndividualismShort termorientation 21 Culturaldifferencesinspeechbehaviors 22 Greetings Haveyoueaten Whereareyougoing Whatareyoudoing Hello Goodmorning Nicetomeetyou Howdoyoudo 23 Apologizing Saying sorry notsooftenSayingsorryonlywhenonethinkssomethingreallymatters SayingsorryveryoftenSayingsorryevenwhensomethingisreallytrivial 24 Makingrequest InindirectwaysMoredirectifthetwopartiesareonintimaterelationship DirectlyOpenly 25 Expressinggratitude Notjustbywhattheysay butalsobywhattheydoGiveotherssomethingwhohavedonethemafavor Moreverbally 26 Expressingdisapproval ReluctanttoexpressdisapprovalopenlyforfearofmakingotherslosefacePrefertodoitinanindirectway FreelyDirectly 27 Leave taking Leavingbysaying Youmustbetired busy Showingconsiderationfortheotherparty Toleavebyusingexcusesthatarerelatedtothemselves 28 OvercomeConflicts CommunicateUnderstandRespectLearnCooperate 29 3 Difficultsentences Consequently themisunderstandingsthatariseareallthemoreseriousbecausesophisticatedAmericansandEuropeanstakeprideincorrectlyinterpretingeachother sbehavior 2 NoneoftheseAmericanspatialdefinitionsisvalidinnorthernGermany 30 3 inlesstimethanittakestotell theartisthaddetachedhimselffromhisfriends crossedthespacebetweenus pushedmyfriendaside andwitheyesflashing startedshoutingatme 4 intheGerman thereisnosuchthingasbeinginsidetheroomwithoutbeinginsidethezoneofintrusionparticularlyifonelooksattheotherparty nomatterhowfaraway 31 Fang T 1999 ChineseBusinessNegotiatingStyle London SAGEPublicationsLtd Guidham M 1999 CommunicatingAcrossCultures NewYork PALGRAVEHistoryofUSAhttp www usahistory info New England Pilgrims html accessed15thNovember2003 ITIMhttp www geert References 32 4 DoexercisesFillintheblankswithwordswhichareoftenconfused p155Fillineachblankwithonesuitableword p155 33 Assignments ReadTextIIVocabularybuilding Wordperceptionp149 Glossaryp155 34