定语从句完整版限制性定语从句ppt课件

Grammar 1 说明 本章内容可用两种学习方法 1 学习时鼠标点击空白处学习 2 可用点击图标学习 例如 可点击来进行学习 3 图标是供奥班学生或有能力的学生学习 2 Attributiveclause 限制性定语从句 先行词和关系词 定语从句 关系代词如何引导定语从句 关系代词的使用方法 定语从句中需注意事项 附加部分 习题 3 定语可以由形容词 代词 数词 名词 分词 不定式 介词短语等来担任 修饰名词 以分词 介词短语为例 例 ThegirlbehindthetreeisKate Themandrivingtoofastwasadrunk 定语从句在英语中 修饰名词或代词的句子叫定语从句 例 ThegirlwhoisbehindthetreeisKate Themanwhowasdrivingtoofastwasadrunk 4 先行词和关系词先行词 被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词 关系词 引导定语从句的词叫关系词 先行词 关系词 引导词 对等 代替Thatisthebikewhichmyfatherboughtforme 先行词 关系词bike 关系词的作用 既引导定语从句 又在定语从句中充当某种成分 5 关系代词如何引导定语从句普通代词与关系代词的区别Ihaveasister SheworksinShanghai 代替sisterIhaveasisterwho thatworksinShanghai 普通代词 只起代替的作用 如上例she 关系代词 如上例who which 1 除了代替先行词外 2 它还在定语从句中担任一定的成分 3 同时连接先行词与它引导的定语从句 把主句和从句连起来 6 说明如下Thebuildingisourschool Thebuildingstandsbytheriver Thebuildingwhich thatstandsbytheriverisourschool 先行词关系词从句which that是关系代词 它在从句中代替先行词thebuilding 同时担任从句中的主语 也起连词的作用 把两个简单句连接起来 关系代词的使用取决于先行词 它们的关系非常密切 因为关系代词在定语从句中代替主句中的先行词 所以它在一般情况下都跟在先行词之后 而且它的人称 数必须和先行词一致 Thewomanthat whoisspeakingatthemeetingismymother 主句 Thewomanismymother 从句 Thewomanisspeakingatthemeeting 主语是单数 7 Thewomenthat whoarespeakingatthemeetingarefamousscientists 主句 Thewomenarefamousscientists 从句 Thewomenarespeakingatthemeeting 主语是复数 关系词判断步骤 首先 要辨别出先行词 如果先行词是指人 关系词可能就用who that whom whose 如果先行词指物 关系词可能用which或that 然后 要确定关系词在从句中的成分 请看下表 最后 要确定关系代词的人称和数 请看以上例句 8 注意 定语从句的时态不受主句的限制 Thewomanwho thatspokeatthemeetingyesterdayismymother 主句 Thewomanismymother 叙述客观事实用一般现在时 从句 Thewoman who that spokeatthemeetingyesterday 句中yesterday表示过去时间 定语从句的辨认 思考步骤 找出先行词a 确定在从句中关系代词的人称 数和性 b 确定定语从句的位置确定关系代词在从句中的成分以确定关系代词的格确定从句的时态 定语从句的时态都不受主句的限制 9 关系代词的使用方法 定语从句常用的关系代词有 that who m whose which等 that多指物 在从句中作主语或作动词的宾语 that which作宾语时可省 1 Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly Aplaneisamachinewhichcanfly 2 Whowashurtintheaccidentthathappenedyesterday Whowashurtintheaccidentwhichhappenedyesterday 3 Haveyoufoundthebikethatyoulost Haveyoufoundthebikewhichyoulost Haveyoufoundthebike省略youlost 10 2 which指物 在从句中作主语或宾语 作主语不可省略 作宾语可以省略 which与that指物时可以互相代替 that更常见 1 HisfatherworksinafactorythatmakesTVsets HisfatherworksinafactorywhichmakesTVsets 2 Thefilmthatwesawlastnightwasverywonderful Thefilmwhichwesawlastnightwasverywonderful Thefilm省略wesawlastnightwasverywonderful 3 who指人 既它的先行词必须是人 在从句中作主语或宾语 但whom是宾格 只能作宾语 that有时也指人 代替who whom 可作主语或宾语 1 Thegirlswhoweren tbadlyhurtintheaccidentaremyclassmates Thegirlsthatweren tbadlyhurtintheaccidentaremyclassmates 11 2 Heknewtheteacherwhowemetyesterday Heknewtheteacherwhomwemetyesterday Heknewtheteacher that wemetyesterday 4 whose是代词的所有格形式 它既可以代人也可以代物 Isawawoman Herbagwasstolen Isawawomanwhosebagwasstolen I llcallaperson Hisfatherknowsyou I llcallapersonwhosefatherknowsyou Pleaseshowmethebook Itscoverisred Pleaseshowmethebookwhosecoverisred 12 1 Thisisthehero whom weareproudof Thisistheheroofwhomweareproud Thisisthehero that weareproudof 2 SheisthegirlwhomIwentwiththere SheisthegirlwithwhomIwentthere SheisthegirlthatIwentwiththere Sheisthegirl省略Iwentwiththere 注意 固定动介词组不可分割 介词不能提前 例如 lookafter lookat 关系代词与介词介词放在关系代词的前面时 介词宾语只能用which代物 和whom代人 介词在末尾时 关系词可以省略 13 3 Theroom that Iliveinisverybig Theroom which Iliveinisverybig TheroominwhichIliveisverybig TheroomwhereIliveisverybig 4 Iwanttofindthepen that Iwrotetheletterwith Iwanttofindthepen which Iwrotetheletterwith IwanttofindthepenwithwhichIwrotetheletter Herearethepicture booksthatthechildrenarelookingfor Herearethepicture bookswhichthechildrenarelookingfor Herearethepicture booksthechildrenarelookingfor 14 定语从句中需注意事项有些情况下只用关系词that 而不宜用which1 从句所修饰的词又被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时 只能用that引导从句 Thisisthemostinterestingstory that Ihaveeverheard Thefirstmeeting that wewilltakepartinwillbeheldintheafternoon 2 先行词是all something nothing anything不定代词时 只能用that Hereissomething that Iwilltellyou Notallthatglittersisgold 3 先行词既有人也有物时 只能用that引出从句Icanrememberwellthepersonsandsomepictures that Isee 15 4 先行词是oneof theone 或用little few no all any作修饰 用thatIsittheonethatyouwant Wehaven tgotmuchthatwecanofferyou 5 当主句已有疑问词who或which时 关系词用thatWhichisthebikethatyoulost Whoisthewomanthatwaspraisedatthemeeting 从例句中看出 who that在许多情况下可以通用 但有时宜用用who 而不用that1 先行词是one s anyone someone those时 关系词使用whoThosewhowanttogototheGreatWallsignuphere Onewhohasnothingtofearoneselfdarestotellthetruth 2 在therebe句型中 先行词指人 关系词用whoThereisanoldmanwhowantstoseeyou Therearemanyyoungmenwhoareagainsthim 16 附加部分 关系副词 关系副词是用来引导定语从句的 它和关系代词一样 具有数种作用 在从句中代替先行词 在句中作状语 连接作用 把两个句子连接成为一个带有定语从句的复合句 关系副词有三种 where 在从句中作地点状语 指代地点 on in at which when 在从句中作时间状语 指代时间 on in which why 在从句中作原因状语 指代原因 17 关系副词的用法 1 where的用法 先行词应是地点名词 Thehotelwasn tclean Westayed Thehotelwherewestayedwasn tclean Thehotelatwhichwestayedwasn tclean Thehotelwhichwestayedatwasn tclean Thehotel关系词略westayedatwasn tclean atthehotel Westayed there 先行词 关系词 从句 从句 共有五个不同的句子来表达 18 2 when的用法 先行词应是表示时间的名词 I llneverforgettheday IjoinedtheLeagueonthatday I llneverforgetthedaythatIjoinedtheLeague 口语 I llneverforgetthedayonwhichIjoinedtheLeague I llneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedtheLeague 从句 3 why的用法 表示原因的名词 ThereasonwhyI mcallingyouistoinviteyoutoaparty ThereasonthatI mcallingyouistoinviteyoutoapartyThereasonI mcallingyouistoinviteyoutoaparty 略 在口语中 关系副词where when why常被that代替 也可省略 19 ExercsesI RewritethesentencesII ChoosethebestanswersIII Translate 20 I 把下列单句合并成含有定语从句的复合句 1 Thelittlegirlwascryingonthestreet Hermoneyhadbeenstolen 2 Thecolourofthebikeisgreen Haveyouseenthebike 3 Thestudentdidn tagreewithus Thestudentwasstandingunderthetree 4 Whereistheman Themantalkedwithyoujustnow 5 Thewatchisverynice Hegavemethewatchformybirthday 6 Thebookisveryinteresting Youlentittomeyesterday 7 TheteacherisourEnglishteacher Yousawherontheplayground Thelittlegirlwhosemoneyhadbeenstolenwascryingonthestreet Haveyouseenthebikewhosecolourisgreen Thestudentwhowasstandingunderthetreedidn tagreewithus Whereisthemanwhotalkedwithyoujustnow Thewatch that hegavemeformybirthdayisverynice Thebook that which youlentmeyesterdayisveryinteresting Theteacher who that yousawontheplaygroundisourEnglishteacher 21 8 Theletterisfrommyfriend Ireceivedityesterday 9 I mreadingabook Itsnameis WhoMovedMyCheese 10 Heworksinaschool Thereisabigstorenearit 11 Heusedtoliveinahouse Infrontofitgrewmanyappletrees 12 Thisistheroom Welivedinitlastyear 13 Thechildrenareveryhealthy Sheislookingafterthem 14 Iknowtheboy HecanspeakEnglishwell Theletter that which Ireceivedyesterdayisfrommyfriend I mreadingabookwhosenameis WhoMovedMyCheese Heworksinaschoolnearwhichthereisabigstore Thisistheroom that which welivedinlastyear Thisistheroominwhich wherewelivedlastyear Thechildren who that sheislookingafterthemareveryhealthy Iknowtheboywho thatcanspeakEnglishwell Heusedtoliveinahouseinfrontofwhichgrewmanyappletrees 22 15 Theseasonissummer Itcomesafterspring 16 ThemanwasAmerican Ispoketohimyesterday 17 Ican tfindthehouse Myfriendlivesinit 18 Iknowtheboy Youarelookingforhim 19 Thisisthetown Hewasborninthetown 20 Wearrivedhereontheday Doyourememberit Theseasonwhichcomesafterspringissummer Theman whom that IspoketoyesterdaywasAmerican ThemantowhomIspokeyesterdaywasAmerican Ican tfindthehouse which that myfriendlivesin Ican tfindthehouseinwhich wheremyfriendlives Iknowtheboy whom who that youarelookingfor Thisisthetown which that hewasbornin Thisisthetowninwhich wherehewasborn Doyouremembertheday that which wearrivedhereon Doyourememberthedayonwhichwearrivedhere Doyourememberthedaywhenwearrivedhere 23 II 单项选择 1 Thisisthejob theylaughedat A whichB asC itD who2 BeihaiParkisabeautifulpark builtabout300yearsago A wherewasB thatwereC whichwasD where3 Whowasthegrey hairedman atyesterday smeeting A wesawhimB wesawC wesawwhoD shewasseen4 Theman ispaintingthehouseismyuncle A heB whomC whoseD who5 Whatistheanimal babyissleepinginitspocket A whoB whoseC itsD which6 Thisbookisforthestudents nativelanguageisn tEnglish A thatB ofwhomC whoseD who s7 Therobbersshouted Handsup I llshootanyone moves A whomB thatC whoD whose8 Thedictionary hepaid50yuanforisveryuseful A whichB forwhichC onwhichD aboutwhich9Theboy parentsdiedtwoyearsagoliveswithhisgrandpanow A whoseB whoC hisD 10 Theman issmokingisatailor A whomB whoC whichD what A C B D B C C A A B 24 11 Whichanimalisyourfavourite Theone hasalongneck A whichB thatC itD who12 Isthisthefactory producescolourTVsets A whatB C whichD where13 Thehighbuilding isabighotel A thatheislookingB whichheislookingC wearelookingatD atthatwearelooking14Isthereanyone cananswerthisquestion A whichB whomC whoD he15 Intheafternoonwe llvisitthehighschool isveryfamoushere A whichB whereC itD 16 Thefox thechickenswerekilledwasshot A thatB whichC forthatD bywhich17 Thecomputer canstorealotofinformationiswidelyusedtoday A inwhichB thatC withwhichD where18 Isthisthebookstore youvisitedyesterday A thatB whereC inwhichD theone19 Yesterdaytheysawthemanandthedog ranaftereachotherontheroad A whoB whichC thatD as20 Shanghaiistheplacein hewasborn A whichB whatC whoseD that B C C C A D B A C A 25 21 Doyouknowtheman ispaintingthehouse Ofcourse He smyuncle A whomB whoC whichD whose22 Thehospital wasbuiltlastyearwillopensoon A whereB whichC whoD 23 Thisistheelephant leftearwasshot A whoB thatC itsD whose24 Thehospital hisfatherworksinisanewone A thatB inthatC inwhichD where26 Theman watchwasstolenistalkingtothepolice A hisB whoC who sD whose27Theknife Icuttheapple can tbefound A which inB which withC that byD that for28 Whohastakenthedictionary coverisbroken A whichB thatC whoD whose29 Whoisthegirlto youjustnowtalked A whoB whomC thatD whose30 Thisisthebook I mlookingfor A B whichC thatD alltheabove B B D A D B D B D 26 31Thisistheonlybook Iboughtlastyear A whichB thatC whatD BothAandB32 All I mgoingtodoisgood A thatB whichC whatD BothAandB33 Thebuilding roofwecanseeisahospital A whoseB whichC who sD atwhich34 Thisisthebestbook Ihaveread A thatB whichC whatD BothAandB35 Thisistheschool Iworkedsevenyearsago A inwhichB inthatC whichD that36 Allthebooks Iputonthedeskareyours A thatB whichC whatD BothAandB37 It squitedifferentfrom Isawlastmouth A whichB theoneCthatD theonewhat38 Isthistheriver Icanswim A whichB thatC inwhichD theone39 Watchtheoldladyandherdog arecrossingthestreet A whichB thatC whoD they40 Canyoulendmethedictionary theotherday A thatyouboughtB youboughtitC thatyouboughtitD whichyouboughtit B A A A A A B C B A 27 41 Thechurch wesawbytheriverwasbuiltacenturyago A whereB whichC whatD inwhich42 Doyouknowwhoislivinginthathouse windowsfacesouth A whoseB whichCwhichofD its43 Anyone withwhatIsaidmayputupyouhands A whichagreesB whoagreeC whoagreesD whichagree44Thisisthelasttime I llgiveyoualesson A whenB thatC whatD as45 Idon tthinkthenumberofpeople thishappensisverylarge A whoB towhomC towhichD that46 Hereisthedress intheshopwindow A YousawitB thatyousawitC thatsawitD yousaw47 Iwastheonlypersoninmyoffice wasinvited A whoB whomCwhichD what48 Theman hairisyellowisthethief A whoB whoseC thatD which49 Thisisthemostbeautifulbird Ihaveeverseen A whichB thatC whoD whose50 Thepersonto youtalkedisourmathsteacher A whichB whoseC thatD whom B A C A B B D B B D 28 根据汉语完成句子 1 Thisistheengineer 给我们作关于计算机报告的 theotherday 2 Mynecklaceisnot 唯一不见的东西 3 Theman 在这间房子里工作的 isachemist 4 Theoldbuilding 我们住的 hasbeenherefor30years 5 Thehistorybook 封皮是黄的 waslost 6 Heristhepen 你昨天丢失的 7 Thisisthebestbook 我读过的 8 Ihavelostthepen 我父亲给我买的 9 Wheatisaplant 中国北方种植的 10 Idon tlikethepeople 说得多可做得少的 whogaveusatalkaboutcomputers theonlythingthat smissing whoworksintheroom that which welivein whosecoverisyellow that youlostyesterday that Ihaveread which that myfatherboughtme which thatisgrowninthenorthofChina whotalktoomuchbutdolittle 29 猜猜看 下面的句子明白了吗 1 不懂装懂 一事无成 Hewhoknowsnothingbutpretendstoknoweverything isindeedagood for nothing 2 甘当小绵羊 迟早要喂狼 Hethatmakeshimselfasheepshallbeeatenbythewolf 3 万事开头难It sthefirststepthatcosts 4 千里之行 始于足下 Hewhowouldclimbthatladdermustbeginatthebottom 5 自满的人腹中空 Hewhoisfullofhimselfisveryempty 6 闪光的未必都是金子Notallthatglittersisgold 30 Havefun 进入课文学习 31