2019年上海市高考英语压轴试卷附解析

2019 年上海市高考英语压轴试卷附解析英 语考生注意：1. 考试时间 120 分钟, 试卷满分 150 分。2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。试卷分为第 I 卷（第 112 页）和第 II 卷（第 13 页） ，全卷共 13 页。所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。答题前,务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名,并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上,在答题纸反而清楚地填写姓名。第 I 卷 (共 103 分)Listening ComprehensionSection A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1AHe knows who is knocking. BHe is eager to know who it is.C He doesnt want to open the door. DHe is ready to open the door.2ABy plane. BBy bus. CBy taxi. DBy train.3A$100. B$200. C$300. D$400.430AShe went to cinema. BShe went to an exhibition.C She stayed at home. DShe stayed with her classmates.5AIn a doctors office. BIn a professors office.C In an operating room. DIn an emergency ward.6AThe man paid the tuition for learning physics. BThe man got a lot of money for his hard work.C His hard work was not rewarding at all. DHis work before the test led to a good result.7AA furnished house. BA recent book. CA further study. DA new record.34AThey will go swimming. BThey will climb mountains.C They will buy some clothes. DThey will forecast the weather conditions.8AHe has another lecture to attend.B He has no interest in the lecture.C Hes attended the same lecture given by Professor Wilson before.DHe might miss the lecture, if the woman didnt remind him.9AShe fully agrees with the man. BThey are uncertain about the weather.C She disagrees with the man. DShe thought the man was always late.10.A. She fully agrees with the man. B. They are uncertain about the weather.C. She disagrees with the man. D. She thought the man was always late.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear one longer conversation and two short passages, and you will be asked several questions on each of the conversation and the passages. The conversation and the passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following dialogue.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11APeople are encouraged to be a craftsman.B Learning woodworking is not as hard as you think.C Learning woodworking will help you know more people.DTaking a class in woodworking will be very helpful.12ABecause I am a talent in this art and want to share it with others.B Because I am interested in it and want to show it to others.C Because I wonder how to pick materials and how to do it well.DBecause its a good way to know more people interested in it.13AYou can expect to do woodworking perfectly the very first time.B Doing woodworking means being alone for long.C You can also learn from other people interested in woodworking.DTaking a class in woodworking costs a lot of money.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14ATo analyze causes and effects of using a credit card.B To encourage people to borrow money from banks.C To let people know the responsibility in using a credit card.DTo present the effect of computers in popularizing the use of credit cards.15AThe development of computers.B Peoples greediness for more money.C Peoples needs for less paper money.DPeople s learning to be more responsible.16ATo learn to be responsible by using credit cards.B To stop using credit cards and borrow money from friends or relatives.C To pay money back as fast as possible after using credit cards.DTo stop borrowing money and use your own funds for shopping.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following passage.17AA newspaper. BAn advertisement company.C A cleanup company. DA market.18AShe wants to spare more room for something new.B She wants to turn their old stuff into cash at a low cost.C She knows that the sales consultant before the man does.DShe just wants to clean up their house.19ARudy is likely to buy their stuff.B Rudy will come and take their stuff away.C Rudy plays guitar as well as the man.DRudy will help them with the ad and the sale.20 AHis old guitar. B Their appliances, jewelry, furniture and exercise equipment.C The spring cleanup sale.DThe low cost of ad and friendly service.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form. of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.A painter hangs his or her finished pictures on a wall, and everyone can see it. A composer writes a work, but no one can hear it 21 it is performed. Professional singers and players have great responsibilities, for the composer is absolutely dependent on them. A student of music needs as long and as tough a training to become a performer as a medical student needs22 （become） a doctor. Most training is concerned23 technique, for musicians have to be as muscularly skillful as an athlete or a ballet dancer. Singers practice breathing every day, as their vocal chords（声带） would be inadequate without24 （control） muscular support. String players practice moving the fingers of the left hand up and down, while drawing the bow back and forth with the right arm,25 are two entirely different movements.Singers and instruments have to be able to get every note perfectly in tune. Pianists 26 （spare ） this particular anxiety, for the notes are already there, and it is the piano tuners responsibility to tune the instrument for27 . But they have their own difficulties; the hammers that hit the string must be dealt with carefully not to sound like drum or bass, and each tone, even if played very fast, has to sound clear.The problem28 （face） student conductors is that they have to learn to know every note of the music and29 it should sound, and they need to aim at controlling these sound with enthusiastic but selfless authority.Technique is of no use unless it is combined with musical knowledge and understanding. Great artists are those who are so thoroughly at home in the language of music30 they can enjoy performing works written in any century.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Aperspectives Bexplore Cqualities Dpowerfully E. appreciate F. purposeG. constructive H. concepts I. demonstrated J. motivated K. recommendationDear Admissions Committee,I had the pleasure of teaching Sara in her 11th grade honors English class at Mark Twain High School. From the first day of class, Sara impressed me with her ability to clearly explain difficult 31 and texts, her sensitivity to the slight differences within literature, and her passion for reading, writing, and creative expression both in and out of the classroom. Sara is a talented literary critic and poet, and she has my highest 32 as a student and writer. Sara is talented at considering the elegances within literature and the 33 behind authors works. She produced an extraordinary year-long thesis paper on creative identity development, in which she compared works from three different time periods and synthesized cultural and historical 34 to inform her analysis. When called upon to give her thesis defense in front of her peers, Sara spoke clearly and35 about her conclusions and responded to questions in a thoughtful way. Outside of the classroom, Sara is devoted to her literary pursuits, especially to poetry. She publishes her poetry in our schools literary magazine, as well as in online magazines. She is an insightful, sensitive, and deeply self-aware individual driven to 36art, writing, and a deeper understanding of the human condition.Throughout the year Sara was an active participant in our discussions, and she always supported her peers. Her caring nature and personality allow her to work well with others in a team setting, as she always respects others opinions even when they differ from her own. When we held a class debate about gun laws, Sara chose to speak for the side opposite her own views. She explained her choice as37 by a desire to put herself in other peoples shoes, view the issues from a new perspective, and gain a clearer sense of the issue from all angles. Throughout the year, Sara 38 this openness to the opinions, feelings, and perspectives of others, along with sharp powers of observation, all 39 that make her outstanding as a student of literature and burgeoning writer.I am certain that Sara is going to continue to do great and creative things in her future. I highly recommend her for admission to your undergraduate program. She is talented, caring, dedicated, and focused in her pursuits. Sara consistently seeks out 40 feedback so she can improve her writing skills, which is a rare and impressive quality in a high school student. Sara is truly a stand-out individual who will impress everyone she meets. Please feel free to contact me if you have any questions at callmeclemensgmail.com.Sincerely,Ms. ScribeEnglish TeacherMark Twain High SchoolIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Research has shown that two-thirds of human conversation is taken up not with discussion of the cultural or political problems of the day, not heated debates about films weve just watched or books weve just finished reading, but plain and simple 41 .Language is our greatest treasure as a species, and what do we 42 do with it? We gossip. About others behaviour and private lives, such as whos doing what with whom, whos in and whos outand why; how to deal with difficult 43 situations involving children, lovers, and colleagues.So why are we keen on gossiping? Are we just natural 44 , of both time and words? Or do we talk a lot about nothing in particular simply to avoid facing up to the really important issues of life? Its not the case according to Professor Robin Dunbar. In fact, in his latest book, Grooming, Gossip and the Evolution of Language, the psychologist says gossip is one of these really 45 issues.Dunbar 46 the traditional view that language was developed by the men at the early stage of social development in order to organize their manly hunting activities more effectively, or even to promote the exchange of poetic stories about their origins and the supernatural. Instead he suggests that language evolved among women. We dont spend two-thirds of our time gossiping just because we can talk, argues Dunbar 47 , he goes on to say, language evolved specifically to allow us to gossip.Dunbar arrived at his cheery theory by studying the 48 of the higher primates like monkeys. By means of groomingcleaning the fur by brushing it, monkeys form groups with other individuals on whom they can rely for support in the event of some kind of conflict within the group or 49 from outside it.As we human beings evolve from a particular branch of the primate family, Dunbar 50 that at one time in our history we did much the same. Grouping together made sense because the bigger the group, the greater the 51 it provided; on the other hand, the bigger the group, the greater the stresses of living close to others. Grooming helped to 52 the pressure and calm everybody down.But as the groups got bigger and bigger, the amount of time spent in grooming activities also had to be 53 to maintain its effectiveness. Clearly, a more 54 kind of grooming was needed, and thus language evolved as a kind of vocal grooming which allowed humans to develop relationship with ever-larger groups by exchanging information over a wider network of individuals than would be possible by one-to-one 55 contact.41Aclaim Bdescription Cgossip Dlanguage42Aoccasionally Bhabitually Cindependently Doriginally43Asocial Bpolitical Chistorical Dcultural44Aadmirers Bmasters Cusers Dwasters45Avital Bsensitive Cideal Ddifficult46Aconfirms Brejects Coutlines Dbroadens47Afor instance Bin addition Con the contrary Das a result48Amotivation Bappearance Cemotion Dbehavior49Aattack Bcontact Cinspection Dassistance50Arecalls Bdenies Cconcludes Dconfesses51Aprospect Bresponsibility Cleadership Dprotection52Ameasure Bshow Cmaintain Dease53Asaved Bextended Cconsumed Dgained54Acommon Befficient Cscientific Dthoughtful55Aindirect Bdaily Cphysical DsecretSection BDirection：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished sattments. For each of them there are four choices markedA, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)In a career that lasted more than half a century, Tom Wolfe wrote fiction and nonfiction best-sellers including The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test and The Bonfire of the Vanities. Along the way, he created a new type of journalism and coined phrases that became part of the American vocabulary.Wolfe began working as a newspaper reporter, first for The Washington Post, then the New York Herald Tribune. He developed a literary style in nonfiction that became known as the “New Journalism.” “Ive always agreed on a theoretical level that the techniques for fiction and nonfiction are interchangeable,” he said. “The things that work in nonfiction would work in fiction, and vice versa.”“When Tom Wolfes voice broke into the world of nonfiction, it was a time when a lot of writers, and a lot of artists in general, were turning inwards,” says Lev Grossman, book critic for Time magazine. “Wolfe didnt do that. Wolfe turned outwards. He was a guy who was interested in other people.” Wolfe was interested in how they thought, how they did things and how the things they did affected the world around them.In 1979, Wolfe published The Right Stuff, an account of the military test pilots who became Americas first astronauts. Four years later, the book was adapted as a feature film. “The Right Stuff was the book for me,” says Grossman. “It reminded me, in case Id forgotten, that the world is an incredible place.”In The Right Stuff, Wolfe popularized the phrase “pushing the envelope.” In a New York magazine article, Wolfe described the 1970s as “The Me Decade.” Grossman says these phrases