2019-2020年高考英语维“升”素7 环境保护（阅读理解）.doc

2019-2020年高考英语维“升”素7 环境保护（阅读理解）维A 阅读理解(每题2分，满分8分)(xx北京卷)Wilderness“In wilderness (荒野) is the preservation of the world.” This is a famous saying from a writer regarded as one of the fathers of environmentalism.The frequency with which it is borrowed mirrors a heated debate on environmental protection：whether to place wilderness at the heart of what is to be preserved.As John Sauven of Greenpeace UK points out，there is a strong appeal in images of the wild，the untouched；more than anything else，they speak of the nature that many people value most dearly.The urge to leave the subject of such images untouched is strong，and the danger exploitation (开发) brings to such landscapes (景观) is real.Some of these wildernesses also perform functions that humans needthe rainforests，for example，store carbon in vast quantities.To Mr. Sauven，these “ecosystem services” far outweigh the gains from exploitation.Lee Lane，a visiting fellow at the Hudson Institute，takes the opposing view.He acknowledges that wildernesses do provide useful services，such as water conservation.But that is not，he argues，a reason to avoid all human presence，or indeed mercial and industrial exploitation.There are ever more people on the Earth，and they reasonably and rightfully want to have better lives，rather than merely struggle for survival.While the ways of using resources have improved，there is still a growing need for raw materials，and some wildernesses contain them in abundance.If they can be tapped without reducing the services those wildernesses provide，the argument goes，there is no further reason not to do so.Being untouched is not，in itself，a characteristic worth valuing above all others.I look forward to seeing these views taken further，and to their being challenged by the other participants.One challenge that suggests itself to me is that both cases need to take on the question of spiritual value a little more directly.And there is a practical question as to whether wildernesses can be exploited without harm.This is a topic that calls for not only free expression of feelings，but also the guidance of reason.What position wilderness should enjoy in the preservation of the world obviously deserves much more serious thinking.【语篇解读】 荒野是否应该开发？仁者见仁，智者见智，两种观点针锋相对，莫衷一是。作者客观分析，冷静思考，期待着事态的发展。1John Sauven holds that _.Amany people value nature too muchBexploitation of wildernesses is harmfulCwildernesses provide humans with necessitiesDthe urge to develop the ecosystem services is strong答案B考查推理判断。第二段的最后一句提到John Sauven认为“生态系统服务”远比开发的利益重要，由此可推断他的观点是开发荒野有害。2What is the main idea of Para.3?AThe exploitation is necessary for the poor people.BWildernesses cannot guarantee better use of raw materials.CUseful services of wildernesses are not the reason for no exploitation.DAll the characteristics concerning the exploitation should be treated equally.答案C考查主旨大意。本段第二、三句是对另外一种观点的概括，意思是荒野的有益服务不能作为不开发的理由。3What is the authors attitude towards this debate?AObjective. BDisapproving.CSceptical. DOptimistic.答案A考查推理判断。作者在最后两段中并没有直接表明自己的观点，只是“客观”地进行叙述。4Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?CP：Central PointP：PointSp：Subpoint(次要点)C：Conclusion答案D考查推理判断。文章第一段提出中心论点；第二、三两段分别阐述了两种不同的观点；第四段是作者自己的观点；最后一段是文章的结论。维B 完形填空(每题1.5分，满分30分)选材网站：cnilt/topic高考曾用材料：xx天津卷完形填空选材相似度：设题相似度：难度系数：I fell in love with Yosemite National Park the first time I saw it，when I was 13.My parents took us there for camping.On the way out，I asked them to wait while I ran up to El Capitan，a _1_ rock of 3,300 feet straight up.I touched that giant rock and knew _2_ I wanted to climb it.That has been my lifes passion (钟爱) ever since_3_ the rocks and mountains of Yosemite.Ive long made Yosemite my _4_.About 15 years ago I started seeing a lot of _5_，like toilet paper，beer cans，and empty boxes，around the area.Its _6_ me why visitors started respecting the place _7_ and treated such a beautiful homelike place this way.I tried _8_ trash (垃圾) myself，but the job was too big.I would _9_ an hour or two on the job，only to find the area trashed all over again weeks later.Finally，I got so _10_ it that I decided something had to change.As a rockclimbing guide，I knew _11_ about organizing any big event.But in 2004，together with some climbers，I set a date for a _12_.On that day，more than 300 people _13_.Over three days we collected about 6,000 pounds of trash.It was amazing how much we were able to _14_.I couldnt believe the _15_ we madethe park looked clean!Each year volunteers e for the cleanup from everywhere.In xx alone,2,945 people picked up 42,330 pounds of trash and _16_ 132 miles of roadway.I often hear people _17_ about their surroundings.If you are one of them，I would say the only way to change things is by _18_ rather than plaining.We need to teach by _19_.You cant blame others _20_ you start with yourself.【语篇解读】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章以第一人称的方式进行记叙和议论，主要讲述了作者在美国加州优胜美地国家公园(Yosemite National Park)进行环境保护的经历，表达了作者对这个国家公园的深爱之情。1A.distant Bhuge Cnarrow Dloose答案B根据下文“3,300 feet straight up”和“I touched that giant rock.”，可以判断出El Capitan 是一块“巨大的(huge)”岩石。distant遥远的；huge巨大的；narrow狭窄的；loose松散的。B项符合题意。2A.immediately Bfinally Cgradually Drecently答案A根据下文“That has been my lifes passion(钟爱)ever since.”，可以判断出作者非常钟爱这块岩石，因此“一触摸到那块岩石的时候，立即就有了想要爬的冲动”。immediately立即；finally最后；gradually逐渐地；recently最近。A项符合题意。3A.imagining Bpainting Cdescribing Dclimbing答案D根据上文语境尤其是2空后的关键信息词“climb”可以判断出作者最钟爱的事情是“爬”这个国家公园里的众多山峰。imagine想象；paint绘画；describe描绘；climb(攀)爬。D项符合题意。4A.garden Bhome Clab Dpalace答案B根据上文中能够体现作者感情的关键信息词“fell in love with”“camping”“lifes passion”等以及下文第7空后面的“homelike”可以判断出作者对这个国家公园的钟爱之情已经达到了视其为“(自己的)家园”的程度。garden花园；home家园；lab实验室；palace宫殿。B项符合题意。5A.material Bresources Cwaste Dgoods答案C根据下文like后所列举的物品以及8空后的trash可以推断出作者目睹的是“很多的垃圾/废弃物”。material材料；resource资源；waste废弃物；goods货物。C项符合题意。6A.beyond Bagainst Cover Dwithin答案A根据下文“why.”从句的内容和表达的语气，可以判断出作者对人们如此不爱护这个公园的环境，反而任意破坏这里的环境的行为感到非常不理解。beyond sb为固定结构，常用来表示“某人不理解”。A项符合题意。7A.more Bmost Cless Dleast答案C根据上文描述的乱扔各种垃圾的现象以及7空后面的“and treated such a beautiful homelike place this way”，可以判断出人们对这个公园“尊重/爱护得越来越少了”。more更多；most最多；less更少；least最少。C项符合题意。8A.throwing away Bpicking upCbreaking down Ddigging out答案B根据下文描述的“几周后我发现这片区域又被人们扔满了垃圾”，以及16空前面的picked up，trash等关键信息词可以判断出作者开始亲自“捡”垃圾。throw away扔掉；pick up捡起；break down分解；出故障；dig out挖掘出。B项符合题意。9A.kill Bsave Cwait Dspend答案D根据本句语境“在这个工作上一到两个小时”和关键信息词on可知考查固定结构spend some time on.表示“在上花费(时间)”。kill杀死，消磨；save挽救，节省；wait等待；spend花费。D项符合题意。10A.satisfied with Bdelighted in Ctired of Dused to答案C根据上文描述的“几周之后发现又被人们扔满了垃圾”，可以判断出作者对此已经“心生厌倦”，故而决定“要变换一下方式”了。(get)satisfied with对满意；(get)delighted in对高兴；(get)tired of对厌倦；(get)used to习惯于。C项符合题意。11A.something Banything Ceverything Dnothing答案D根据上文描述的原因“身为一个登山的向导”，以及后文“But in 2004.”中的关键信息词But表示转折语意可以判断出作者“对如何组织大型的活动毫无经验、一无所知”。something某些东西；anything任何东西；everything一切事物；nothing没有任何东西。D项符合题意。12A.clean up Bparty Cpicnic Dconcert答案A根据下一段描述的“每年来自各地的志愿者都来参加清扫活动”，尤其是关键信息词clean up可以判断出12空处是作者联合其他的登山者定好了一个固定的“清扫活动”的日期。clean up清扫活动；party聚会；picnic野餐；concert音乐会。A项符合题意。13A.dropped out Bshowed upClooked around Dcalled back答案B根据前后语境尤其是下一段所描述的众多志愿者加入此项清扫活动后的效果，可以推断出此处强调的是超过300人“到来/露面”。drop out脱离，辍学；show up出现，露面；look around环顾四周；call back喊回，叫回。B项符合题意。14A.demand Breceive Cacplish Dovere答案C根据上文描述的清扫活动的效果“we collected about 6,000 pounds of trash”，可以判断出“我们所完成的任务令我们自己都感到惊讶”。demand要求；receive收到；acplish完成；overe克服。C项符合题意。15A.plan Bvisit Ccontact Ddifference答案D上文描述了作者和众多志愿者参加清扫活动所取得的成绩，之前很多人乱扔垃圾导致很脏乱与现在清扫之后的清洁干净形成鲜明对比，据此可以判断出作者对“产生的变化/影响”深感惊讶和欣慰。故用make a /the difference构成固定结构表达此意。plan计划；visit游览；contact联系；difference变化，差别。D项符合题意。16A.crossed Bmeasured Ccovered Ddesigned答案C根据上文提到的“In xx alone.”，以及生活常识可以判断出在xx年一年的时间里，作者和2 945名志愿者共行程132英里，捡了42 330磅垃圾。cross横穿过；measure测量；cover行走(路程)；design设计。C项符合题意。17A.talk Bplain Cargue Dquarrel答案B根据下文18空后面的“rather than plaining”，可以判断出此处强调作者经常听到有人只是一味地“抱怨”周围环境糟糕。talk谈话；plain抱怨；argue争论；quarrel争吵。B项符合题意。18A.doing Bthinking Cquestioning Dwatching答案A根据上文所描述的作者亲身所做的事情以及20空后“you start with yourself”，可以判断出作者赞成的做法是“从自身做起而不是一味地抱怨”。do做；think思考；question质问；watch注视。A项符合题意。19A.method Bexplanation Cexample Dresearch答案C根据上下文所描述的作者赞成的“拿出行动而不要一味地抱怨”这一态度，可以推断出作者推崇的方法是teach by example“以身作则/亲身示范”。method方法；explanation解释；example例子，榜样；research调查。C项符合题意。20A.although Bif Cwhen Dunless答案D根据本段所描述的作者赞成的做法和态度，可以判断出作者最终要强调的是“不要去责备别人除非是先从(责备)你自己开始”，即从自我行动开始改变是最重要的，而不是只把注意力集中在别人的错误上。although尽管；if如果；when当时候；unless除非。D项符合题意。维C 阅读理解(每题2分，满分8分)选材网站：bbc.co.uk高考曾用材料：xx陕西卷C篇选材相似度：设题相似度：难度系数：Prince Charles yesterday promised to reduce the royal impact on the environment through sweeping changes to his personal lifestyle and official schedule.The prince will replace carbonheavy private jets and helicopters with scheduled flights and train services.The move came as Prince Charles urged business leaders to publish the environmental impact of their activities.He said，“Few accountants and business decisionmakers ask，How much of our critical natural resource is left? How many miles of polar ice cap has our business helped melt this year？By how many inches have we raised sea levels? How many species have we put at risk? How many homes will be flooded，how many people will die of thirst or starvation because of our activities？ These are not fortable questions，but，by God，they need to be asked.”He added，“At the moment these costs do not appear in anyones books.Yet they are real，they are incurred now and in a relatively short time，the damage being caused may be beyond remedy.” He said the world was “running up the_biggest_global_credit_card_debt in history，but with little or no thought for how the bill will ever be paid”Flanked by the prime minister and business and munity leaders at St James Palace，the prince said his new “accounting for sustainability” project would give consumers the power to choose products that caused less damage to the planet.Duchy Originals，the Princes food pany，is taking steps to quantify how much carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas is emitted in growing，processing and distributing its products.The changes to the Princes travel arrangements announced yesterday are part of a wider review of the carbon footprint associated with activities at all three of his residences: Clarence House in London，Highgrove and Birkhall on the Balmoral estate，as well as the activities of his 21 personal and 105 fulltime staff.Measures include a review of electricity use，muter and other staff travel and are intended to identify further reductions in carbon dioxide emissions.The review will report in June，when Clarence House will announce annual targets to reduce carbon emissions.Notes：incur vt.遭受remedy n补救sustainability n可持续性muter n通勤者flanked by两侧有长短句分析：Flanked by the prime minister and business and munity leaders at St James Palace，the prince said his new “accounting for sustainability” project would give consumers the power to choose products that caused less damage to the planet.句法点睛：本句中，“Flanked by.”为过去分词短语作状语，said后面跟了宾语从句。在宾语从句中，that引导了定语从句，修饰products。句意：在圣詹姆斯宫，在首相和商务部领导人的陪同下，王子说他对可行性工程的新估算将会给消费者选择对我们的地球较少危害的产品的权利。【语篇解读】 英国的查尔斯王子准备为环保事业身体力行，改变自己的生活方式，以减少温室气体的排放。1One of the moves Prince Charles will take to reduce the royal impact on the environment is _.Ataking private jets that are not carbonheavyBtaking helicopters instead of private jetsCtaking trains instead of scheduled flightsDtaking scheduled flights instead of helicopters答案D细节理解题。根据文章第一段可知，查尔斯王子改变生活方式的途径是乘班机和火车，不再乘污染严重的喷气式飞机和直升机。2How does Prince Charles feel about business leaders in terms of environmental protection?ADissatisfied. BDisappointed.CDoubtful. DImpatient.答案A推理判断题。从文章第二段查尔斯王子对商界一连串的发问可以看出他的不满。3Duchy Originals will _ in response to Prince Charles calls.Amake as much green food as possibleBcut down on its electricity useCfigure out its greenhouse gas emissionDreduce its greenhouse gas emission答案C细节理解题。“Duchy Originals.is taking steps to quantify how much carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas is emitted.”中的quantify作动词用，意思是“量化”，同C项的figure out(计算出)意思接近，因此C项正确。4The underlined phrase “the biggest global credit card debt” in Paragraph 3 probably refers to _.Athe great amount of waste produced by industryBthe great damage caused for the environmentCthe great amount of debts of the royal familyDthe high cost of industry in the producing process答案B词义猜测题。根据语境判断，此处短语指的是我们对环境的破坏，查尔斯王子把它形象地比喻成我们“对地球的最大欠账”。维D 根据短文内容，从下框的AF选项中选出能概括每一段主题的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余项。(每题2分，满分10分)AWhat to see：PlantsBWhat the features of the preserve areCWhat to see：AnimalsDWhat the Conservancy is doingEWhat the route around the preserve isFHow to get more information for your visitMoomomi Preserve Island of Molokai1.Moomomi Preserve is a last center of a major Hawaiian coastal ecosystem，a holdover from an ancient era.Strong and steady northeast trade winds shape the dunes(沙丘) of Moomomi，creating linear(线状的) dunes a mile long and hundreds of feet wide.At first glance，these dunes appear nearly barren.Yet within these vast munities of native grass and shrubs grow more rare coastal species than in any other single place in the main Hawaiian Islands.2.Nature Conservancy staff and volunteers lead a monthly hike through this beach preserve.An event schedule is available here.For more information on visiting this preserve，contact the Molokais field office at (808) 5535236 or email hike_molokaitnc.org.3.The preserve harbours more than 22 native Hawaiian plant species，four of which are globally rare or endangered.These rare plants，like akoko and ena ena，grow very well in the dry，windy，saltsprayed environment.A number of the sunflower family，Tetramolopium rockii，can be found only at Moomomi.4.Moomomi Preserve is an important nesting site for the endangered green sea turtle.Deposits of bird bones show that the dunes were once home to at least 30 bird species，about onethird of which have since disappeared：the sea eagle，the flightless ibis，and the giant flightless duck，among others.The Hawaiian owl is one of the few native land birds that can still be observed regularly at Moomoni.Native shorebirds，like sanderlings and plovers，and seabirds，like the great frigate bird，can also be seen along the shoreline.5.Moomomi Preserve is managed in partnership with the State Department of Land & Natural Resources through the Natural Area Partnership Program.By protecting the dunes and beaches of Moomomi，the Conservancy is protecting native plants found nowhere else on the earth.It is also protecting habitat for the rare Hawaiian monk seals and seabirds like the Laysan albatross，in the hope that these species will once again settle down on Moomomis beaches.答案1.B2.F3.A4.C5.D