2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习 专题整合突破八 并列句和复合句.doc

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2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习 专题整合突破八 并列句和复合句真题试做1(xx湖北部分重点中学一次联考)_ in the investigation was a great shock to everybody related.(confirm)在调查中得到证实的事让每一个相关人士大吃一惊。2(xx四川高考,10改编)If you happen to get lost in the wild,youd better stay _ and wait for help.(be)如果你偶然在荒野中迷路,你最好待在原地等待帮助。3(xx武汉五月供题)People who seldom do sports or _ in fat will put on weight quickly.(diet)很少进行体育活动或其饮食中脂肪含量高的人会很快增加体重。4(xx湖北高考,80)_ and youll find the purple one is softer.(pare)比较这两把牙刷,你将会发现紫色的那支更柔软一些。考向分析分析近三年湖北高考题可以看出,对并列句和复合句的考查主要集中在以下几个方面:1由and/or连接的并列句的考查,特别是“祈使句and/or陈述句”句型。2名词性从句中what与that引导的从句的区别及用法,尤其是将名词性从句与其他语法项目放在一起进行综合考查。3定语从句中引导词的选用,尤其是“介词关系代词”的用法,以及定语从句与名词性从句、状语从句的区别。4状语从句中的省略及主从句之间的语意和逻辑关系。热点例析1并列句(1)“祈使句and/or陈述句”句型:该句型中的祈使句表示了条件,后面的陈述句表示了结果。and表示前后句意思的顺延,or表示前后句意思的转折。具体运用中,该句型中的祈使句常省略为名词短语等。(2)but/while/however的区别:but表示意义的转折;while既表示转折又表示对比;however为表示转折意义的副词,常用逗号与句子其他部分隔开。(3)并列连词when和for的用法:when可用作并列连词,表示“就在这时;就在那时(突然发生了某事)”。for可用作并列连词,表示补充说明的原因。针对训练:One more step backward,_ into the pool.(fall)再向后走一步,你就会掉进池塘里面。参考答案:and you will fall2名词性从句(1)that引导的名词性从句that引导名词性从句时,在从句中不充当任何成分,无实际意义,只起连接词的作用,但不可省略(引导宾语从句除外)。that引导主语从句时,常用it作形式主语,而将that从句后置,常构成以下结构:aItbeadj.that clausebItbev.edthat clausesb./sth. bev.edto do/have donecItbe名词词组that clausedItseems/happens/appearsthat clauseIt occurs/occurred to sb.that clause当句子主语是reason时,引导表语从句的引导词用that而不用why,即:the reason is that.。that引导的从句只作介词except/but/in的宾语。同位语从句大多由that引导,但that只起引导作用,不作句子成分,无实际意义,不可省略。(2)what引导的名词性从句what引导名词性从句时,为连接代词,有意义,既起引导词作用,又在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。(3)whether和if引导的名词性从句whether和if表“是否”之意,都可以引导宾语从句,但其他从句一般只用whether而不用if引导。(4)其他引导名词性从句的词还有:连接代词who/whom/whose/which/what/whoever/ whomever/whichever/whatever和连接副词when/where/why/how(5)与表“建议、命令、要求”(即:insist/order/mand/suggest/advise/propose/ demand/ask/request/require)相关内容的名词性从句需使用“(should)动词原形”的虚拟语气(6)所有名词性从句皆用陈述语序针对训练:(1)_ I had forgotten to lock the door.(occur)我突然想到我忘记锁门了。(2)It is not clear _ for the important meeting.(time)他是否能及时赶回来参加这个重要会议还不清楚。(3)Nobody believed his reason for being absent from the class _ meet his uncle at the airport.(have)没有人会相信他旷课的理由是他不得不去机场接他叔叔。参考答案:(1)It occurred to me that(2)whether he can e back in time(3)that he had to3定语从句(1)关系代词who/whom/whose/which/that/as可用来引导定语从句,并在从句中充当一定的句子成分。who指人,在定语从句中作主语,可引导限制性或非限制性定语从句。whom指人,在从句中作宾语,可以用who代替或省略,当前面有介词时,不能用who代替且不能省略,可引导限制性或非限制性定语从句。whose可指人或物,在从句中作定语,可引导限制性或非限制性定语从句。which指物,在从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时常可省略(前面有介词时不省略),可引导限制性或非限制性定语从句。that既指人又指物,在从句中既可作主语,又可作宾语,作宾语时前面不能有介词,可以省略;只能引导限制性定语从句。as引导定语从句时在从句中可作主语或宾语,主要用于such.as和the same.as句型;也可单独引导定语从句修饰整个主句,并可置于主句之前。当先行词为指物的不定代词或先行词由最高级、序数词、only、last所修饰时,定语从句只能由that来引导。当先行词既有人又有物时,或在以who/which引导的特殊疑问句中,只能用that引导定语从句。what不用来引导定语从句;that引导名词性从句时无意义。(2)关系副词when/where/why可用来引导定语从句,并在从句中作状语。当先行词是表示时间的名词,从句中需要时间状语时,引导词用when,但从句中需要主语或宾语时,引导词用that/which。当先行词是表示地点的名词,从句中需要地点状语时,引导词用where,但从句中需要主语或宾语时,引导词用that/which。当先行词是reason,从句中需要原因状语时,引导词用why,但从句中需要主语或宾语时,引导词用that/which。(3)“介词which/whom”可引导限制性或非限制性定语从句。当先行词是表示物的名词时,定语从句可由“介词which”引导;当先行词是表示人的名词时,定语从句可由“介词whom”引导。介词的选择应遵循两个原则:a.根据定语从句中谓语动词的搭配习惯;b.根据先行词的搭配习惯。在“介词短语关系代词”结构中,若介词短语表示位置,则定语从句往往用倒装语序,常用的这类短语有:at the foot of,at the back of,in front of,on the top of等。“名词/代词/数词of which/whom”所引导的定语从句通常是非限制性定语从句,它在定语从句中一般作主语。“介词whose”作定语修饰其后的名词。whose名词the名词of which/whom或of which/whomthe名词。(4)关系代词as与which引导的非限制性定语从句可以用整个主句作其先行词。但as引导的定语从句位置较灵活可以位于句首、句中和句末,但which引导的定语从句只能放在所修饰的句子的后面。针对训练:(1)His younger sister teaches in a secondary school,_.(flow)他的妹妹在一所中学教书,那所中学的前面流淌着一条河。(2)As _ many times on the subject,at some point you need a reliable partner to do this job.(talk)正如我就此话题多次谈过的那样,在某种程度上你需要一个可靠的搭档来做这个工作。(3)There are 60 students in Class One,_ in the exam.(fail)一班有60名学生,没有一个人在考试中不及格。(4)In the dark street,there wasnt a single person to _ for help.(turn)在漆黑的街上,没有一个她可以求助的人。(5)As a teacher,I never give my students so difficult a problem _.(do)作为一名老师,我从来不会让学生们做那些他们不会做的难题。(6)I have reached a point in my life _ make decision of my own.(suppose)我已经到了我人生中应该自己作决定的时刻了。参考答案:(1)in front of which flows a small river(2)I have talked about(3)none of whom failed(4)whom she could turn(5)as they cant do(6)where I am supposed to4状语从句(1)时间状语从句the minute/the moment/the instant/on doing sth./on onesn./immediately/directly/instantly等引导的时间状语从句表“一就”。the first time/the last time/the next time/each time.等也可以引导时间状语从句。before引导的时间状语从句表“还未就;趁”。It will(not)belongbefore.要过(要不了)多久才(就)It was (not)longbefore.过了(没有过)多久就(2)地点状语从句相当于一个表地点的介词短语针对训练:According to their memory,the couple finally arrived _ each other for the first time.(e)凭着记忆,这对夫妻最后终于来到他们当初偶遇的地方。参考答案:(at the place) where they came across(3)as/though引导的让步状语从句需要用倒装(4)由so that/in order that等引导的目的状语从句,从句中常用should和could。当主、从句主语一致时,从句常可简化为in order to/so as to结构(5)由such.that/so.that/so that等引导的结果状语从句中,so作副词用,such作形容词用。具体使用句式有7种:sothatsuchthat(6)时间、条件和让步状语从句中,应用现在时态代替将来时态。(7)状语从句中如果主语与主句主语一致或为it,且从句中又含有系动词be,则常将从句中的主语或系动词be一起省略。针对训练:(1)Time flew and _,it was time for me to go home.(know)时光飞逝,不知不觉到了我该回家的时候了。(2)_,he remained modest.(as)尽管受到表扬,他仍然很谦虚。(3)I recognized you _.(minute)我一见到你就认出你了。(4)It is _ I dont like to stay at home.(such)天气如此好,我不想待在家里。(5)_ you may have,you should gather your courage to face the challenge.(how)无论你的问题有多么严重,你都应该鼓起勇气来面对挑战。参考答案:(1)before I knew it(2)Praised as he was(3)the minute I saw you(4)such nice weather that(5)No matter how serious problem误区警示1“祈使句连词陈述句”句型的易错点Find ways to praise your children often,_ they will open their hearts to you.(find)经常找机会表扬你的孩子,你会发现他们会对你敞开心扉。答案:and youll find【错混透析】 本题考查“祈使句and/or陈述句”句型,前后分句的逻辑关系为条件或假设关系。【解题指导】 对于考查“祈使句连词陈述句”句型的题目,一是要分析句子结构,根据中间的连词判断前面应构成祈使句,二是要根据前后句的逻辑意义判断用什么连词。2主语从句、宾语从句引导词的易错点The villagers have already known _ is to rebuild the bridge.村民们已经知道我们将要做的事情是重建这座桥。答案:what we will do【错混透析】 该题既考查了主语从句又考查了宾语从句。known后面跟的是一个省略了that的宾语从句,在宾语从句中需要考生填写的是一个主语从句且主语从句中缺少主语,故应用what来引导这个主语从句。由汉语意思可知答案应为what we will do。【解题指导】 选择主语从句、宾语从句引导词时,应着重考虑以下几个方面:(1)无意义也不作成分,只起引导作用时用连词that,但that引导主语从句时不能省略。(2)whether既可引导主语从句,也可引导宾语从句表“是否”之义,但if只能引导宾语从句。(3)需要引导词在从句中作成分时,根据句意选用who/what/which/when/where等连接代词或连接副词。(4)whoever相当于anyone who,意为“任何人”;whatever相当于anything that,意为“任何事情”。3表语从句引导词的易混点One reason for her preference for city life is _ places like shops and restaurants.(access)她更喜欢城市生活的一个原因就是她可以很容易地进出像商场和饭店这样的地方。答案:that she can have easy access to【错混透析】 reason作主语时,其后的表语从句要用that作为引导词。许多考生受汉语影响,易误用why作为引导词。【解题指导】 选择表语从句引导词时,以下几个方面应引起特别注意:(1)because可以引导表语从句,但句子主语为reason时,表语从句的引导词应该用that。(2)表语从句表示“是否”时,应用whether而不用if。4同位语从句引导词易混点(xx湖北八校一次联考)An idea suddenly came to her _ the answer in another way.(work)她突然想到一个主意,她可以用另一种方法算出答案。答案:that she would work out【错混透析】 句子的主干部分为“An idea came to her”,“she would work out the answer in another way”是“idea”的具体内容,即同位语。又因从句中不缺句子成分,故用that作为引导词。故答案为that she would work out。【解题指导】 选择同位语从句引导词时,应着重考虑以下几个方面:(1)不是任何名词后面都可以接同位语从句,只有部分名词后面才接同位语从句,应熟记这部分名词。(2)同位语从句通常所指的是前面名词的内容或含义。(3)引导同位语从句的that不作成分,但一般不可省略;引导定语从句的that要在从句中作成分,在从句中作宾语时常可省略。5定语从句易混点(xx全国高考,8)That evening,_ I will tell you more about later,I ended up working very late.Athat Bwhich Cwhat Dwhen【错混透析】 B句意:那天晚上,我工作到很晚,我以后会告诉你更多相关的情况。which引导的是非限制性定语从句,并在从句中作about的宾语,代指“that evening”。本题易误选D项,错误原因是认为evening是时间,应用关系副词when来引导定语从句,而没有仔细分析定语从句缺失的成分。【解题指导】 考查定语从句的题目,应着重考虑以下几点:(1)所有定语从句的引导词都含有先行词的意义,都在从句中作成分。关系代词可在句中作主语、宾语、定语;关系副词可在从句中作状语。(2)确定用什么引导词时,应先看先行词指的是什么,指人、指物、指时间、指地点还是指原因,然后看引导词在从句中需要充当什么成分,从句中需要主语、宾语或定语时用关系代词,需要状语时用关系副词。(3)把握好宜用that而不用which的几种情况,和宜用which而不用that的几种情况。(4)which和as引导的定语从句可以修饰整个主句。as含有“正如,正像”的意思;as引导的定语从句可置于句首。(5)关系代词作主语时,从句中谓语的数一般应与先行词一致。如果先行词为the only one,谓语则用单数。(6)当先行词是表示时间、地点的名词或reason时,需要考虑从句中需要什么成分。需要状语时,引导词用when、where或why,但从句中需要主语或宾语时,引导词用that/which。1Our teacher always tells us to believe in _ and who we are if we want to succeed.(do)我们老师一直告诉我们如果想成功就要相信我们所做的,知道我们是谁。2_ is that he constantly wishes to improve himself in terms of knowledge and skills.(impress)让我印象最深刻的是他一直希望自己在知识和技能方面能不断提高。3_,she heard a great noise,which grew to a terrible roar.(move)她还没来得及动弹,就听见一声巨响,接着就成了可怕的隆隆轰鸣声。4_,we must admit his musical talent.(as)尽管我们可能会讨厌他,我们必须承认他的音乐才华。5Ive learnt from my bitter experience that we dont realize _ until its gone.(possess)从自己痛苦的经历中我认识到,直到失去之后我们才意识到自己曾拥有的一切。6_,it is hard or even impossible to develop good farming.(where)在水少的地方,发展好农业是困难的,甚至是不可能的。7(xx湖北荆州质检三)_ whether or not he will be elected as mayor in two years time.(remain)两年后他是否会当选为市长仍不得而知。8Youve done so much work _ pass the exam.(bound) 你下了这么大工夫,一定能考及格。9After Pauls fourth error,word came _ in no time.(fire)在保罗犯了第四个错误之后,有消息说他要被炒鱿鱼了。10I walked up to the top of the hill with my friends,_ a splendid view of the lake.(enjoy)我和朋友们登上山顶,在那里我们观赏了壮丽的湖景。11This gift was the Amber Room,_ because several tons of amber were used to make it.(give)这件礼物就是琥珀屋,它之所以被这样命名,是因为造这间房子用了好几吨琥珀。12Sometimes I wonder how relevant chemistry is to these students,_ be going back to their villages after Year 8.(most)有时候我真想知道,化学对这些孩子究竟有多大用处,他们中的大多数学完八年级后就要回到他们的村庄去了。13(xx湖北七市联考)No matter _,people are unlikely to be persuaded if the product is unsuitable for them.(good)一则广告无论多好,如果产品不合适,也不可能使人信服。14The typical cases _ will be introduced to readers to warn them of potential risks.(cheat)消费者被骗的典型事例将被介绍给读者以提醒他们潜在的风险。15She is a responsible and patient teacher,_ I have made much progress at English study.(direction)她是一位有责任心且耐心的老师,在她的指导下我的英语学习取得了很大的进步。16_ that she had been admitted into Oxford University,I sent an email to congratulate her.(moment)我一听到她被牛津大学录取的消息,就马上发电子邮件向她表示祝贺。17Oh,the Geili times is ing!_,Geili,a new Chinglish word,has been shown on the New York Times as well as Peoples Daily.(report)哦,给力时代到来了!据报道,给力,一个新的汉式英语单词,已经出现在纽约时报和人民日报英语版里。18(xx湖北荆门钟祥一中五月适应)Whatever you have picked up,you should give it back to _.(belong)无论你捡到什么东西,你都应该物归原主。19(xx湖北荆州质检三)The outdoor training is an exercise _ build teenagers confidence.(design) 户外训练是旨在增强青少年自信心的一种运动。20(xx武汉武昌五月调研)No one can tell the reason _ the invitation to your wedding ceremony.(refuse)没人知道他拒绝你邀请他去参加你的婚礼的原因。参考答案八、并列句和复合句命题调研明晰考向真题试做1What was/had been confirmed2where you are3whose diet is high4pare these/the two toothbrushes创新模拟预测演练1what we do2What impresses me most3Before she could move4Hate him as we may5what we have possessed6Where there is little water7It remains to be seen8that you are bound to9that he would be fired 10where we enjoyed11which was given this name12most of whom will或and/for/as/since most of them will13how good an advertisement/ad is14where/in which customers are cheated15under whose direction或under the direction of whom16The moment I heard the news17As is/has been reported18whoever it belongs to19that (which) is designed to或designed to20why he refused
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