2019-2020年高一英语译林版必修5教学案：Unit 1 Section 4 Word版含解析.doc

2019-2020年高一英语译林版必修5教学案：Unit 1 Section 4 Word版含解析语法初识原句感知自主探究To live in China is Mr. Smiths dream.Smoking is not allowed here.Its very difficult to drive in the mountains.It is no use crying over spilt milk.His job is to teach English.My job is taking care of the garden.I didnt expect to see you here.Im sorry I missed seeing you while I was in Beijing.She was the first girl to e to the party.He is reading in a reading room.Please allow me to stay for a while.I got up early to catch the 6：30 train.(1)组中的动词不定式和动名词作主语；组中动词不定式和动名词后置，用it作形式主语。(2)组中的动词不定式和动名词作表语。(3)组中的动词不定式和动名词作宾语。(4)组中的动词不定式和动名词作定语。(5)句中动词不定式作宾语补足语；句中动词不定式作状语。语法剖析语法点一动词不定式动词不定式是一种非谓语动词，由“to动词原形”构成，在句中起名词、形容词或副词的作用，在句中可充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等成分。动词不定式的否定形式是在不定式前面加not或never。(一)动词不定式的时态和语态动词不定式有一般式、进行式、完成式和完成进行式四种变化形式，一般式和完成式有被动语态。时态形式用法主动语态被动语态一般式表示动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生或在其后发生to doto be done进行式通常表示动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生to be doing/完成式通常表示动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前to have doneto have been done完成进行式表示动作在谓语动词的动作之前发生，而且一直进行着to have been doing/He promised to give me a helping hand.(give在promised之后发生)You seem to know everything about the subject.(know和seem同时发生)He pretended to be sleeping when I went in.(sleep在pretended发生的时候，正在进行)You are supposed to have finished half of the work.(finish在are supposed之前发生)In order not to be seen, he hid himself behind the tree.(he是see的承受者)He eagerly wanted to be praised.(he是praise的承受者)The book to be published soon is very interesting.(the book是publish的承受者)单句语法填空Dont wait for him. He is said to have_gone (go) to Shanghai.You are supposed to be_sleeping (sleep) now. Why are you still in the office?The result seems to e (e) out in a moment. Please be patient.In order to be_chosen (choose) in the first round, the girl made careful preparations for the singing petition.His novel is said to have_been_translated (translate) into several foreign languages and sell very well across the world.(二)动词不定式的句法功能1不定式作主语To be here with all of you is a pleasure for me.与你们所有人来这，我很高兴。To obey the laws is everybodys duty.遵守法律是每个人的职责。名师点津(1)不定式作主语时，常用 it 作形式主语，而将作主语的不定式放在句子后面。(2)特殊句式：It feels adj. to do sth. “做某事给人以的感觉”。It is important to master a foreign language.掌握一门外语很重要。It feels good to return home after so many years abroad.多年在国外之后回到家乡，感觉好极了。(1)单句语法填空(浙江高考改编)No matter how bright a talker you are, there are times when its better to_remain (remain) silent.(山东高考改编)Its standard practice for a pany like this one to_employ (employ) a security officer.(2)句型转换To give up smoking is right.It is right to give up smoking.2不定式作状语不定式作状语常表示目的、原因或结果。(1)非谓语动词作目的状语时，常采用不定式形式。常见表达形式： to do, in order to do, so as to do, 其中 so as to do 一般不置于句首。In order to/To get a good seat, she arrived early.她早点到为的是找个好座位。(1)单句语法填空(xx北京高考改编)To_catch (catch) the early flight, we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.(xx福建高考改编) To_learn (learn) more about Chinese culture, Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course. (2)一句多译为了按时赶到那儿，他很早就出发了。In_order_to/To_get_there_on_time,_he_started_out_very_early.He_started_out_very_early_so_as_to_get_there_on_time.(2)不定式与only/never 等构成不定式短语作结果状语，常表示出乎意料的情况。He hurried to the house only to find that it was empty.他匆忙赶到那房子里，却发现已经空无一人。名师点津现在分词也可以作结果状语，而它常表示自然而然的结果。He came late twice a week, making his boss angry.他一周迟到两次，使得老板很生气。单句语法填空(天津高考改编)Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only to_find (find) it didnt fit.(3)某些表示“喜、怒、哀、乐”的形容词作表语，后跟不定式常表示原因。We are surprised to see you here.(不定式是surprised的原因)He was wild with joy to hear the good news.(to hear .是wild with joy的原因)单句语法填空(全国卷改编)The old man sat in front of the television every evening, happy to_watch (watch) anything that happened to be on.We were astonished to_find (find) the temple still in its original condition.3不定式作定语不定式作定语要放在被修饰词的后面。(1)不定式表将来。The car to be bought is for his sister.要买的这辆车是给他姐姐的。(2)不定式作定语时，不定式所修饰的名词往往是不定式所表示动作的承受者；如果不定式由不及物动词构成，那么不定式后面要加上相应的介词。Pass me a piece of paper to write on, please.请递给我一张可以写字的纸。(3)当名词被 first, next, second, last以及 only 等词修饰时，其后常用不定式作定语。The only way to find true passions in life is through encouragement instead of thinking.激情和梦想不是想出来的，一定是实践出来的。(1)单句改错He is looking for a room to live.live后加inPlease give me a knife to cut.cut后加with(2)单句语法填空(重庆高考改编)Were having a meeting in half an hour.The decision to_be_made (make) at the meeting will influence the future of our pany.(北京高考改编)There are still many problems to_be_solved (solve) before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.4不定式作宾语(1)常接不定式不接动名词作宾语的动词及短语有：“决心学会想希望”：decide/determine, learn, want, hope/wish/expect/long“设法假装在拒绝”：manage, pretend, refuse“主动答应选计划”：offer, promise, choose, plan“同意请求帮一帮”：agree, ask/beg, help外加 afford, fail, happen, would like/love, threatenHe failed to pass the driving test.他没有通过驾照考试。I didnt expect to see you here.我没有料到在这儿见到你。(2)不定式作宾语后跟宾语补足语时，常把不定式后移而用形式宾语 it 代替，常见句式：think/believe/consider/find/feel/make . it adj./n. 不定式。I think it necessary to send for an expert.我认为请位专家来是有必要的。(1)单句语法填空(陕西高考改编)No matter where he is, he makes it a rule to_go (go) for a walk before breakfast.(2)完成句子(每空一词)我觉得电视剧 伪装者很有意思。I found it interesting to watch the TV play The Pretender.我规定自己六点起床。I made it a rule to get up at 6：00.5不定式作补语(宾语补足语或主语补足语)常接不定式作宾语补足语或主语补足语的动词有 ask, beg, cause, help, force, allow, permit, advise, order, get, want, wish, tell 等。He asked me to do the work with him.他要我与他一起工作。名师点津(1)think, consider, suppose, believe, imagine, prove, find 等动词后常用 to be 作宾语补足语。Imagine yourself (to be) in his place.设想你处于他的位置。(2)hope, demand, suggest, refuse, wele, arrange, insist, prevent 等后不接不定式作宾语补足语。完成句子下课后他们被允许在教室里讲话。They are allowed to_talk in the classroom after class.6不定式作表语不定式作表语放在 be 和其他系动词(seem, remain等)后。His dream is to be a doctor.他的梦想是当一名医生。The problems remain to be unsettled.问题还没有解决。完成句子(上海高考改编)现在我们有聊天、能发短信、电子邮件但是我们似乎正在失去面对面的交流。Today we have chat rooms, text messaging, emailing . but we seem_to_be_losing the art of municating face to face.(重庆高考改编)发动机就是发动不起来，好像出毛病了。 The engine just wont start. Something seems_to_have_gone wrong with it.(三)疑问词不定式不定式常与疑问词 who, which, when, where, what 等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、宾语、表语等。How to use the puter is the question.(主语)怎样用电脑是个问题。A puter tells the robot what to do.(宾语)电脑告诉机器人做什么。The question is where to get a puter.(表语)问题是从哪儿获得电脑。(1)单句语法填空(辽宁高考改编)Twenty students want to attend the class that aims to teach how to_read (read) fast.(2)句型转换When we shall start has not been decided.When to start has not been decided.(四)动词不定式的省略1不定式符号to的省略(1)在 feel, hear, listen to, look at, notice, observe, see, watch, have, let, make 等词(短语)后的补足语中，不定式不带to。但是当含这些词的句子变成被动结构时，需带 to。I often hear him say that he would study hard.He is often heard to say that he would study hard (by me)(我)经常听到他说要努力学习。(1)单句改错He is often seen take exercise in the morning.seen后加上to(2)单句语法填空(陕西高考改编)Let those in need understand (understand) that we will go all out to help them.(2)动词不定式在介词 but, except 后面时，如果这些介词之前有行为动词 do 的某种形式， 这些介词后的不定式常不带 to，否则要带 to。The bus had passed by. They had nothing to do but wait. ( They had no choice but to wait.)公交车已经过去了，他们别无选择只能等。单句语法填空Sandy could do nothing but admit (admit) to his teacher that he was wrong.(3)短语 had better, would rather, cannot but, cannot help but, cannot choose but 等之后常跟不带 to 的不定式。They couldnt choose but stay there.他们不得不待在那儿。He would rather keep silent than argue with others.他宁愿保持沉默也不愿与他人争吵。单句语法填空Kitty would rather stay at home alone than go(go) out in such cold weather.(4)Why (not) do .? 结构中要省略不定式符号 to。Why turn off the gas?为什么要把煤气关掉？单句语法填空(天津高考改编)I need to advertise for a roommate for next term.Why bother (bother)? Mary is interested.(5)如果系动词be之前有动词do的某种形式时，作表语的不定式可以省去 to。All that I can do is (to) wait.我能做的只有等待。The first thing to do is (to) have breakfast.第一件要做的事是吃早餐。单句改错The purpose of new drugs used on patients is to make them less painful, not make them more terrible.not后加to2动词不定式符号to的保留问题有时为了避免重复，可以用to来代替前面的不定式，这种情况常出现在下列动词后：expect, prefer, care, mean, forget, want, wish, hope, try以及be glad/happy等。如果在省略的不定式结构中含有be, have，这些词要保留。Are you on holiday?No, but I like to be.你在度假吗？不是，但我希望是(在度假)。单句语法填空She hasnt finished her homework yet.Well, she ought to have语法点二动名词(一)动名词的时态、语态和否定形式动名词的时态有一般式和完成式；语态有主动语态和被动语态；动名词的否定式是直接在前面加上 not。时态主动被动意义一般式doingbeing done动名词动作与谓语动作同时发生完成式having donehaving been done动名词动作先于谓语动作发生Being careless is not a good habit.粗心不是一个好习惯。I have no idea of his having done such a thing.我不知道他做过那样的事。I dont like being laughed at in public.我不喜欢当众被别人嘲笑。He said he regretted not being able to swim.他说他对不会游泳感到遗憾。单句语法填空She dreamed of being (bee) a lawyer.He was praised for having_done (do) a good deed.We were all excited for having_been_praised (praise)It was a wonderful experience! I still remember being_taken (take) to the Great Wall several years ago.(二)动名词的句法功能1动名词作主语(1)动名词和不定式都可以作主语，动名词作主语往往表示经常或多次发生的动作，不定式作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。Playing with fire is dangerous.(泛指玩火)玩火是危险的。To play with fire will be dangerous.(指一具体动作)玩火会很危险。(2)use, good, fun, useless 等名词或形容词作表语时，作主语的动名词常后置，而用 it 作形式主语。It is no use/no good crying over spilt milk.覆水难收。Is it any use trying to explain?试图解释有用吗？单句语法填空(福建高考改编)knowing (know) basic firstaid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.Learning (learn) from others is important.Its no good making (make) friends with such people.2动名词作宾语(1)常见的后面只能接动名词作宾语的动词有：admit, appreciate, avoid, consider (考虑), delay, dislike, enjoy, excuse, escape, finish, imagine, keep, mention, mind, miss (错过), practise, risk, suggest 等。Do you mind my opening the windows?你介意我打开窗户吗？Bill suggested holding a meeting on what to do for the old during the vacation.比尔建议开一个关于假期期间为老人做些什么的会议。(2)以下动词短语和固定搭配后只接动名词作宾语：cant help (情不自禁), cant stand (无法忍受), give up, keep on, put off, have difficulty/trouble (in), be/get used to (习惯于), look forward to, feel like, insist on, devote .to ./be devoted to (致力于), pay attention to, object to (反对), get down to (开始认真做) 等。My parents objected to my marrying him.父母反对我嫁给他。Lets stop talking and get down to doing our homework.我们别谈了，开始做作业吧。单句语法填空(四川高考改编)Lydia doesnt feel like studying (study) abroad.Her parents are old.I had great difficulty finding (find) the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant.Im looking forward to seeing (see) the film again.I often practise listening (listen) and speaking (speak)(3)下列动词或词组既可以接动名词作宾语，也可以接不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别，要特别注意。forgetrememberregrettrymeango oncant helpDont forget to post the letter on your way to school.别忘了在上学的路上顺便把这封信寄出去。I shall never forget hearing her singing the song.我永远都不会忘记听她唱这首歌时的情景。名师点津(1)remember/forget/regret 后跟 doing 和后跟 having done 所表示的意思并无差别。(2)regret 后跟不定式时，往往表示对将要说的话(或做的事)表示遗憾，故其后常接 to say/tell/inform 等。(3)stop 后接动名词表示停止做某事，接不定式表示停下正在做的事去做另一件事。stop 后接不定式时，不定式常作目的状语。I regret to tell you that youve failed in the exam.我很遗憾地告诉你，你考试没及格。Stop plaining to me about his rudeness.别再向我抱怨他的粗鲁了。用动名词或不定式完成下面的每组句子He forgot to_pay (pay) me money when he got out of the taxi.How can you forget falling (fall) for this kind of old jokes?He remembered to_say (say) goodnight to me before he went to sleep.I remembered seeing (see) her before, but I dont remember the exact date.I remember not saying (say) such words to her.You must try to_keep (keep) these words in mind.I advised you to try treating (treat) your child in a roundabout way rather than so directly.I regret to_tell (tell) you that we cant employ you.I regret telling (tell) him the truth, which only added to his worry.I regret not following (follow) your advice. I wouldnt have suffered so much.His absence means putting (put) off the meeting until later.He had meant to_e (e) to your aid, but he had an unexpected visitor.3动名词作表语My duty is teaching you how to study.我的职责是教你如何学习。Her job is cooking.她的工作是厨师。4动名词作定语The cave was a good hidingplace for Crusoe.这个岩洞对克鲁索来说是个很好的藏身之处。Many small things are often found at the bottom of the swimming pool.在游泳池底部经常会发现许多小东西。名师点津动名词作定语表示用途。比较：a walking stick一根拐杖(动名词)a walking lady一个正在散步的女士(现在分词)a swimming suit一件游泳衣(动名词)a swimming boy一个正在游泳的男孩(现在分词)(三)动名词的复合结构动名词的前面可以有自己的逻辑主语，构成动名词的复合结构。动名词动名词的复合结构在句中作主语时，需用名词所有格或物主代词形式；作宾语时，可用物主代词或人称代词宾格、名词所有格或普通格。当动名词的逻辑主语是无生命的名词时，需用普通格形式。Marys being ill made her mother upset.(Marys不可用 Mary)玛丽病了，使她妈妈很着急。We are looking forward to spring ing. (spring是无生命的名词)我们盼望着春天的到来。完成句子(每空一词)我坚持要玛丽到那儿去。I insist on Marys going there.我没听说你病了。I had not heard of your being ill.事实上，如果你不介意我这样说的话，我想没有他会更好。In fact, I think its very much nicer without him, if you dont mind me/my saying so.简这么粗心惹来了不少麻烦。Janes_ being careless caused so much trouble.建 议 信技法指导本单元的写作项目属于新课标应用体类别中的“建议信”。这种题目要求我们就有关问题进行分析并针对这些问题提出自己的看法和建议。一、基本框架1开头(beginning)开门见山，向对方陈述自己的观点(state your idea)2主体(body)对所提出的问题进行分析并说明理由，接着提出自己的建议(reasons and evidence)3结尾(ending)呼应开头，重申观点(restate your opinion)二、注意事项1开门见山，直入主题。在书信正文的开头找准话题的切入点，自然而然地引出自己想要谈的主题。写信时要充分了解情况，有的放矢，以提高书信的针对性。2给出希望对方采取或者终止某种行为的理由。在陈述理由的过程中要换位思考，尽量为对方考虑。要用事实说话，以增强说服力。3语气要和缓，让对方考虑你的想法或者建议，以理服人是关键，不能把自己的想法强加于人。4给出合理建议，通过提建议让对方明确行动的方向，从而达到写信的最终目的。三、黄金表达1信的开头的常用语(1)Im writing on behalf of .to invite you to .(2)Thank you for your last letter asking about .(3)I am very/really/terribly sorry that .(4)I am writing to ask if you can do me a favor to .(5)Im very delighted to tell you that .(6)I would like to tell you that .2提建议的常用语(1)I advise you (not) to do sth.(2)Youd better (not) do sth.(3)If I were you, I would do sth.(4)My advice to you is that you should (not) do sth.(5)I think it would be more beneficial if you could .(6)I would like to suggest that .3信的结尾可以用以下客套话(1)Best wishes/regards to you!(2)Please give my best wishes to .(3)Looking forward to hearing from you!(4)Wish you good health and remember me to .(5)With best regards and wishing you all success.4In my opinion, you would be wise to accept his advice.依我之见，采纳他的建议是您的明智之举。5I find it necessary to take down notes while listening.我发现有必要边听边记笔记。6Why not drink a little, exercise, stop smoking and eat more fruit and vegetables?为何不少喝点酒，参加锻炼，不抽烟，多吃水果和蔬菜呢？7I do hope you will consider my suggestion.真心希望你能考虑我的建议。8I hope you will find these proposals/suggestions/remendations practical/useful/helpful.我希望这些建议/意见/看法对你来说实用/有用/有帮助。写作规范题目要求假如你是李明，请你给你们学校图书馆写一封信，建议提高服务质量。信的开头和结尾已经写好。词数100左右。Dear Mr.Wang，As a student of this senior high school, Yours sincerely，Li Ming三步作文法第一步：搜索词汇1利用这个机会take_the_opportunity2有益的 beneficial3键盘 keyboard4购买 purchase5订购 subscribe_to6安装有 be_furnished_with7照明系统 lighting_system第二步：由词造句1我想借此机会来表达对你们一直以来善意帮助的感激之情。Please allow me to_take_the opportunity to express my appreciation for your kind assistance as always. This is what I_would_like_to do.I_would_like_to_take the opportunity to express my appreciation for your kind assistance as always.2我觉得就图书馆的服务质量发表我的看法会益处多多。It would_be_beneficial_to_express my views concerning the quality of the library service. I feel so.I feel_that_it_would_be_beneficial_to_express my views concerning the quality of the library service.3我希望你们会认真考虑我的建议。I_expect_you_to_take my suggestions into serious consideration.I_hope_that_you_will_take my suggestions into serious consideration.第三步：联句成篇Dear Mr.Wang，As a student of this senior high school, I would like to take the opportunity to express my appreciation for your kind assistance as always. Meanwhile, I feel that it would be beneficial to express my views concerning the quality of the library service.In the first place, I find that most keyboards of the library puters are in poor operation, which brings much inconvenience to the users. I would also remend the library to improve the efficiency of purchasing new books and subscribing to academic journals. Last but not least, the study rooms need to be furnished with a better lighting system.I hope that you will take my suggestions into serious consideration.Yours sincerely，Li Ming.单句语法填空1Rather than argue (argue) without any result, I prefer to_get (get) down to doing something practical.2We wanted nothing but to_appeal (appeal) to people to care more for the dropout students.3Though made to_give (give) in to him, I insisted on making my deskmate promise (promise) not to disturb me like that.4Who had you clean (clean) the windows once again?5We watched our friends disappear (disappear) into the darkness.6We had nothing else to do except wait (wait) for the result.7He didnt use to experience (experience) such a thing, so he looked forward to getting (get) help from me.8Much attention should be paid to securing (secure) our campus because the recent accidents have led to some students getting (get) seriously injured, or even dying(die)9Why not get (get) your children to_work (work) out regularly?10I can hardly stand hearing (hear) the piano being played so badly.句型转换(每空一词)1To give as much help as possible is our duty.It is our duty to give as much help as possible.2The question which will be discussed tomorrow is very important to us.The question to be discussed tomorrow is very important to us.3I couldnt decide which bicycle I will buy.I couldnt decide which bicycle to buy4That Mary came later made her teacher angry.Marys ing later made her teacher angry.5Bob turned off the alarm to sleep late in the morning.In order to sleep late in the morning Bob turned off the alarm.短文改错I had kept some goldfish for a year. Yesterday, I decided to release it into the wild so that they could live better life. When my father knew my decision, he said, “Youd better not to do that. This is really dangerous.” Then he told me that my goldfish would die though they couldnt adapt to the environment in the wild. I was really surprising. After search the Internet, I found that he said was true. We should never throw our pet fish onto a river or a lake if we dont know how they will adapt to the new environment.答案：第一句：hadhave第二句：itthem; live后加a第三句：去掉to第四句：thoughif第五句：surprisingsurprised第六句：searchsearching; thatwhat第七句：ontointo; howwhether.单句语法填空1With jobs so hard to_find (find) right now, the idea of being out of work really scares me.2Go to bed right away.Dont forget you need to get up as early as you can to_catch (catch) the early train.3What will todays talk be about?In the lecture to_follow (follow), the professor will tell us something about modern English usage.4The best way to avoid making (make) mistakes is to practice speaking (speak)5To_plete (plete) all the homework assigned by the school, the students have to work at it till midnight.6Mr.Green stood up in defense of the 9yearold boy, saying that he was not the one to_blame (blame)7The puter programs are a puzzle to me.The more I think of them, the m