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Module 5 Look after yourself词句精讲精练词汇精讲 1. accident accident是名词，意为“事故，意外的事，偶然的事”。例如： Two men died in the traffic accident. 两个人在这起事故中丧生了。 【拓展】 by accident = by chance 意为“偶然地，无意中地”。 例如： He met one of his classmates in the street by accident. 在街上，他偶然遇到了他的一位同学。 My father met one of his old friends at the station by accident / chance. 我父亲在火车站偶然遇到了他的一位老朋友。2. catch up catch up是不及物动词，意为“赶上，追上”；catch up with sb. 意为“赶上某人”。例如： Mom, where is Dad? 妈妈，爸爸在哪里？ Dont worry about him. Hell soon catch up. 别担心他。他很快就会赶来的。 Go on ahead, Ill catch up with you. 你先走，我随后赶上你。3. missing(1) missing 作形容词，意为“丢失的，不见的”。 例如：It was only an hour or so later that I discovered that my gun was missing.仅仅约一个小时之后，我发现我的枪不见了。 (2) be missing= be gonelost 意为“丢失，不见了”。 My wallet is missinggonelost. 我的钱包不见了，丢了。【拓展】(1) miss 作动词，意为“错过，没赶上”。例如：He arrived too late and missed the train. 他到得太晚，错过了火车。The post office is next to the supermarket, and you cant miss it. 邮局紧挨着超市，你不会错过的。(2) miss作动词，意为“想念”。 You dont know how I miss you. 你不知道我是多么想念你。4.expect(1) expect表示“期待，期望”，通常为及物动词，直接接宾语，还可接不定式的复合结构。例如：We should not expect success overnight. 我们不能期望一夜之间就取得成功。Thats just what we expected. 那正是我们所期望的。He expected her to go with him. 他期望她同他一起去。(2) expect还可表示“预计，预料”等，后接名词或从句，接动词时要用不定式。例如：I expect a storm. 我预计会有场暴风雨来。I expect that I will be back on Sunday. 我预计星期日回来。I didnt expect to find you here. 我没料到在这里找到你。(3) expect后可接 that 从句，若从句谓语为否定，注意否定的转移。例如：I dont expect that he has done such a thing. 我预料他不会干出这种事来。5.effort(1) 表示一般性的努力(即表泛指意义)，通常是不可数名词。若强调一次一次具体的努力，通常是可数名词，尤其与all, these等修饰语连用。例如：His success depends upon effort and ability. 他是否成功取决于他的努力和能力。In spite of his efforts he failed. 他虽然做了努力，还是失败了。（2）effort后接动词，通常用不定式，有时也用“at动名词”。例如：He made every effort to get it/ at getting it. 他竭尽全力想得到它。（3）表示“做出努力”时，通常“make an effort” 这样的形式，该结构中的不定冠词(an)也可根据情况换成 another, every, one more, no 等限定词，但不能没有限定词。例如：He decided to make one more effort. 他决定再做一次努力。She made every effort to be a good student. 她努力要做个好学生。【注意】若没有限定词，effort 就应用复数。例如：The prisoner made efforts to escape, but he failed. 那个犯人企图越狱，但没有成功。6. thanks tothanks to是介词短语，意为“多亏，由于”，thanks不可以改为thank you, to后接表示感谢的对象。例如：Thanks to the English language, we can learn a lot from other countries多亏英语语言,我们能从其它国家学到很多东西。Thanks to your help, I got a good mark in the exam. 多亏你的帮助，我考试取得了好成绩。【拓展】thanks for中的thanks相当于 thank you, 意为“因而感谢”，其后可接名词或动词的-ing形式。Thanks for your help谢谢你的帮助.Thanks for inviting us to your birthday party谢谢你邀请我们参加你的生日聚会.7. requirerequire作动词，意为“需要，要求”，相当于need，通常不用于进行时。 (1) require + 名词/代词。 例如： These pets require a lot of care and attention. 这些宠物需要悉心照顾。 Do you require anything else? 你还需要什么吗？ (2) require 后跟宾语从句时，从句要用 “should 的虚拟语气”。例如：The boss required that she (should) keep it a secret. 老板要求她对此事保密。8. amount (1) amount用作名词，其意为“数量、金额、总额”等，通常用于 an amount of； a (great, large) amount of ；amounts of这类结构，其后通常接不可数名词。例如：He made a large amount of money. 他赚了大量的钱。I had not expected such an amount of praise. 我没料到受到这么多赞扬。(2) amount用作动词，意为“合计、总计 ”。例如： The number of the injured amounted to over one hundred. 受伤人数总计一百多。Building cost amounts to six million dollars. 建筑费用达600 万元。词汇精练I. 英汉互译。1. call off_ 2. 赶上_3. nothing serious _ 4. had better do sth. _5. 多亏_ 6. 至少_7. at the same time _ 8. plenty of _9. 医疗保障_ 10. once in a while_ II. 根据首字母提示，完成下列单词的拼写，使句意明确，语言通顺。1. I thought we had an a_ to stay together. 2. It is c_ to sit on the sofa and watch TV. 3. In the past, peoples jobs r_ more physical effort. 4. Many people believe that h_ is important for our general health. 5. But all these e_ ended in failure. 6. The a_ of money should be written both in words and in figures.7. There is an old s_: “Laughter is the best medicine.” 8. The doctor told him to b_ in deeply. III. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1. My mother asked me what was _(miss). 2. We had better _ (get) you to hospital. 3. He is _ (lie) on the ground. 4. He was _ (luck) to pass the exam. 5. We should take more exercise _(keep) fit. 6. You cant expect _(turn) the clock back. 7. She _ (work) in a bank since she left school. 8. Fish _(die) without water. 参考答案I. 英汉互译。1.取消 2. catch up 3. 没什么严重的 4. 最好做某事 5. thanks to6. at least 7. 同时 8. 大量 9. health care 10. 有时，偶尔II. 根据首字母提示，完成下列单词的拼写，使句意明确，语言通顺。1.agreement 2. fortable 3. required 4. happiness5.efforts 6. amount 7. saying 8. breathe III. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1.missing 2. get 3. lying 4. lucky5. to keep 6. to turn 7.has worked 8. will die句式精讲1. They were walking more slowly than us.该句时态是过去进行时，表示说话人在过去某个时刻或某一阶段正在进行的动作。这一特定时间除了有上下文外，经常和表示过去时间的状语then，a moment ago，at this time yesterday，at ten last night，at that time/ moment等连用。例如：What were you doing at this time yesterday? 昨天这个时候你正在做什么？I was cooking with my mother. 我正和我妈妈一起做饭。【拓展】（1）过去进行时表某一行为的“片断”,一般过去时表示行为的“整体”和存在的状态。例如： I was reading the book at that time. (未读完，“读”的片段) I read the book yesterday. (已读完，表整个“读”) (2) 过去进行时多与一段持续的时间状语连用。 例如：It was raining all night. 整个晚上在下雨。He was writing a letter the whole of afternoon. 他整个下午在写信。 (3) while引导的时间状语从句常用在过去进行时。例如： He broke a chair while he was jumping up and down. 他在跳上跳下的过程中弄坏了椅子。(4) while所在主从句动作持续相等时间时，主从句一般都用过去进行时；如果两个动作一长一短时，经常是短的用一般过去时，长的用过去进行时。 例如： I was cooking the dinner while he was playing the piano. 他在弹钢琴时我在做饭。 I saw him while I was walking to the station. 我在去往车站时看见了他。2. Hes hit his head and his leg hurts.（1）hurt作及物动词，意为“使受伤，使疼痛，伤感情”。例如：No one was seriously hurt in the traffic accident. 在这次交通事故中没有人受重伤。 The tight shoe hurt my foot. 这只鞋太紧,把我的脚挤疼了。 His words hurt her feelings. 他无意中伤了她的感情。 （2）hurt作不及物动词，意为“疼痛”。例如：My right leg hurts. 我右腿疼。 【拓展】hurt; injure与wound的辨析：(1) hurt为普通用语，既可指肉体上的伤害，也可指精神上、感情上的伤害。例如： You hurt her feelings when you said she was fat. 你说她胖，伤害了她的感情了。(2) injure比hurt正式，hurt多指伤痛，而injure则指损害健康、成就、容貌等，强调功能的损失。例如： She has an injured leg. 她的一条腿受伤了。(3) wound指枪伤、刀伤、刺伤等皮肉之伤，是出血的、严重的伤，特指战场上受伤。例如： The bullet wounded him in the shoulder. 子弹打伤了他的肩膀。3. Wed better get you to hospital.had better(常简略为d better)是一固定词组，had better意为“最好”，用于表示对别人的劝告、建议或表示一种愿望。其用法有以下几点：(1) had better后面必须跟动词原形，构成had better do sth.句型。这里的had不能用have来替换。例如： Youd better go to hospital at once. 你最好立即去医院看病。Tom, youd better go there today. 汤姆，你最好今天去那里。(2) 主语不论是第几人称，句子不论是什么时态，都要用had better的形式。例如：Now you(he; we) had better listen to the teacher. 你(他，我们)现在最好听老师讲。4. It harms nearly every part of your body.（1）harm作名词，意为“伤害”。常用搭配：do harm to sb =do sb harm该结构表示“对某人有害”。例如： His failures did his reputation a lot of harm.他屡次失败使他的声誉受到很大损害。Smoking does harm to your health.吸烟对你的身体有害。Whether it will do us harm remains to be seen.是否对我们有害还要看一看。（2）harm 作动词，意为“使受到伤害，损害”。例如：Dontharmyoureyesbyreadingindimlight. 不要在昏暗的灯光下看书,以免损害眼睛。Ihaveneverharmedanybody. 我从未伤害过任何人。Therewasafireinourstreet,butnoonewasharmed. 我们街里曾发生过火灾,但没人受伤。5. I want to ask you to stop smoking.(1) stop的后面可以用动词不定式也可以用动名词作宾语。stop doing表示“停止正在做的事情”；stop to do表示“停下来开始做”的意思。例如：Now lets stop reading. 现在咱们停止读书。Our teacher stopped to look at the boy. 老师停下来看了看那个男孩。（2）stop还可以构成短语stop somebody/something from doing something表示“阻止某人做某事或者阻止某事发生”。例如：The trees and grasses can stop the wind from blowing the earth away. 树和草可以阻止风把土吹走。6. think + 从句(1) think后所加的从句是宾语从句，意为“认为”。例如： I think he is a good boy. 我认为他是一个好孩子。(2) 当think后接的宾语从句为含有not的否定句时，该否定应移至主句，即否定主句的谓语动词。例如：I dont think it will rain tomorrow. 我认为明天不会下雨。I dont think you are right. 我认为你不对。【拓展】think后经常用it作形式宾语，即“ think it(形式宾语) + adj. + for sb. + 动词不定式”意为“某人认为如何”。例如： Do you think it useful for us to read more books? 你认为我们多读书有用吗？句式精练I. 根据汉语提示，完成英语句子（每空一词）。1. 你最好躺在床上休息。 You _ _ _ in bed to have a rest.2. 我们同时到达那里。 We got there _ _ _ _.3. 结果他成功了。 _ _ _, he succeeded.4. 他在学英语方面有困难。 He _ _ _ _ English.5. 换句话说，我们该努力学习了。_ _ _, its time for us to study hard.6. 不要吃太多的垃圾食品，它对身体有害。Dont eat_ _ junk food, its _ _health.7. 为了保持健康，你必须戒烟。_ _ _,you have to give up_.8. 那样的书对年青人危害很大。Such books do_ _ _ young people.9. 当那个婴儿看到他的母亲时，他停止了哭。When the baby saw his mother，he_ _.10. 我认为你不是真正健康的人，所以你应该多锻炼。I_ _ you _a really well man, so you should do more exercise. II. 句型转换，每空一词。1. Mary came to China three years ago. (改为同义句) Mary has _ _ _ since three years ago.2. Having a good rest is impossible for me. (改为由it作形式主语的简单句) _ _ _ for me _ _ a good rest.3. If you work hard, youll get better grades. (改为祈使句) _ _, and youll get better grades.4. I will go to the zoo. It wont rain tomorrow. (用if连接两个句子) I will go to the zoo _ it _ rain tomorrow.5. The boy lost his wallet. He didnt know that. (合并为并列句) The boy lost his wallet, _ he didnt know that.6. They will be back in ten days. (对划线部分提问) _ _ _ they be back?7. The meat smells terrible. (改为否定句) The meat _ _ terrible.8. It took Jenny half an hour to ride a bike to school. (对划线部分提问) _ _ did it take Jenny to ride a bike to school?III. 补全对话。根据上下文补全对话。Jack: Hi, Claire, 1. _?Claire: Hmm . next week? Oh, its quite full for me, Jack.Jack: Really? 2. _? Claire: I have dance and piano lessons.Jack: 3. _?Claire: Im learning swing dance. Its fun! I have class once a week every Monday.Jack: How often do you have piano lessons? Claire: 4._, on Wednesday and Thursday.Jack: Well, how about Tuesday?Claire: Oh, I have to play tennis with my friends. But do you want to e?Jack: 5._! Im glad to.参考答案I. 根据汉语提示，完成英语句子（每空一词）。1. had better lie 2. at the same time 3. As a result4. has/had difficulty in learning 5. In other words 6. too much, bad for 7. To keep fit/healthy, smoking 8. great harm to 9. stopped crying 10. dont think, areII. 句型转换，每空一词。1. been in China 2. It is impossible; to have 3. Work hard 4. if; doesnt 5. but 6. How soon will 7. doesnt smell 8. How longIII. 补全对话。1. are you free next week/ do you have time next week?2. How e/ Why / Whats up/ What will you do?3. What kind of dance are you learning/ What dance are you learning?4. Twice a week5. Sure/ Of course/ Certainly/Yes !
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