2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习 专题整合突破二 动词和动词短语.doc

2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习 专题整合突破二 动词和动词短语真题试做1(xx湖北高考，21)Two lawyers have donated $50,000 to_our schools campaign “Help the Needy”，which was started by our former headmaster three years ago.Asponsor Blaunch Corganize Dplan2(xx湖北高考，23)Walking alone in the dark，the boy whistled to_ his courage.Ahold up Bkeep upCset up Dtake up3(xx湖北高考，26)Knowledge and learning are important if we want to be successful，but they may also _ our thinking.Adirect Blimit Cchange Dimprove4(xx湖北高考，29)The government has taken measures to _ the high prices of daily goods to keep the market stable.Atake down Bbring downChand down Dtear down5(xx湖北高考，27)Duty is an act or a course of action that people _ you to take by social customs，law or religion.Apersuade Brequest Cinstruct Dexpect6(xx湖北高考，29)Had she _ her promise，she would have made it to Yale University.Alooked up to Blived up toCkept up with De up with考向分析从近三年湖北高考英语试卷来看，多项选择题越来越注重考查考生在正确理解题干内容和语境的基础上对词汇、语言知识的掌握情况，对动词和动词短语的考查呈现以下特点：一、注重词义辨析。尤其注重结合具体语境来考查词义辨析，对动词一词多义、熟词生义及其引申义的考查有上升趋势。二、强调语言的情景化。把动词和动词短语的区别放到鲜活的语境中进行考查，突出在具体语言环境中进行意义选择的考查。三、考查短语辨析。特别是同一动词和不同副词或介词构成的短语的搭配，或不同动词与同一副词或介词构成的短语的辨析。热点例析1系动词的用法(1)变化类的系动词：bee，go，turn，grow，get，fall等。(2)状态类的系动词：keep，remain，stay等。(3)感官系动词：look，feel，smell，taste，sound等后接形容词，意为“起来如何”。如：taste good “尝起来很好”。(4)look，seem，appear的用法：look强调由视觉得出的印象，意为“看上去，看起来”。He looks very strong.他看起来很强壮。seem 表示根据某种情况、状态或迹象所作出的判断，这种判断可靠性较大。It does seem as though theres no way out of our difficulty.似乎没有办法摆脱我们的困境。appear 表示外表给人的印象，这种印象可能是靠不住的、虚假的。He appears to be your friend but I doubt if he is.他看起来像你的朋友，但我怀疑他是否真是。注意：(1)look常用结构：lookadj./v.ed；lookn.；look介词短语。(2)seem常用结构：seem分词/adj.；seemn.；seem介词短语；seem to do；It seemsthat从句。2主动表被动的词汇(1)常考词汇：sell，wash，write，read，wear，open，stop，close，shut，begin，end等。The window wont shut.这窗户关不住。(2)常考短语：break out，take place，shut off，work out等。The plan works out successfully.计划成功地制定出来了。3动词的搭配(1)可用于“动词sb.of sth.”的常用动词：accuse(控告)，cheat(欺骗)，cure(治愈)，inform(通知)，remind(提醒)，rid(摆脱)，rob(抢劫)，warn(警告)，suspect(怀疑)，convince(使确信，使相信)This photo reminds me of my school days.这张照片使我想起了我的学校生活。(2)可用于“动词sb.for doing sth.”的常用动词：blame(指责)，criticize(批评)，forgive(原谅)，excuse(原谅)，pardon(原谅)，punish(惩罚)，scold(指责)，thank(感谢)I dont blame you for doing that.我不责备你做了那事。(3)动词与介词的搭配：be absorbed in 埋头于，专心于be accustomed to 习惯于adapt.to. 使适应be addicted to 沉溺于adjust.to 使适合be admitted to/into 获准进入，被录取attach.to 将系在，使隶属于occur to sb.某人突然想起owe.to. 将归功于，把归因于devote.to 将贡献于，致力于be reduced to 被迫沦为concentrate on/upon 专心于，全神贯注于be concerned about/for 为担心(4)动词与名词的搭配(见名词)4接双宾语的动词某些动词如wish，envy，deny，own 等后通常接双宾语。We wish you a Happy New Year！我们祝你新年快乐！She always envies me my curly hair.她总是羡慕我的一头卷发。They were denied access to the information.他们被拒绝接触那份情报。You own me a favor！你欠我一个人情！注意：suggest，explain 接双宾语时，只能用suggest sth.to sb.，explain sth.to sb.结构。5常用动词短语breakbreak away from 脱离break down 损坏；垮掉；失败；分解break into 破门而入；闯入break off 打断；中断；突然停止break out 爆发；发生break up 分解；分成；结束；打碎break through 突破bringbring about 引起；导致bring back 把回来；使忆起；使恢复bring down 使倒/落下；使下降bring in 带来；引入；bring out 使显出；使表现清楚；出版bring up 提起；提出；抚养；培养callcall at 访问(某地)call back 把叫回来；回电话call for 叫某人来；要求；去取call forth 引起；使起作用call in 来访；召来；召集；请来call off 喊走；叫走开；取消call out 叫喊；大声说出；召唤/命令行动carrycarry away 拿走；搬走；抢走；冲走carry off 夺走；抢走；获得(奖品等)carry on (with) 进行；继续前进carry out 开展；执行；实现carry through 进行到底；完成ee about 发生；产生e across 从一边走到另一边；偶遇e along 一道走；跟去；赶快；加一把劲(用于祈使句)；(工作等)进展顺利e into being 出现；产生；诞生e off 脱落；褪色；(计划等)成功；获胜e on 快来吧；(风雨等)到来；开始；进展；长势e out 出来；长出；结果；洗掉；褪色e over 过来；来访；突然掠过；产生e round/around 来访；重又来到；改变看法/想法；恢复知觉；复原e to 苏醒；恢复知觉；到来；到达；总数是；谈到；说到e to light 显露出来；暴露出来e true (预言，期望等)实现；变为现实e up to 达到(高度、程度等)cutcut down 砍倒；砍下；削减；缩短；降低cut.into 把切割成；使刻入cut off 切掉；割掉；切断(水、电等)；断绝cut through 穿过；切断；凿穿cut up 切碎；切开；切成几块diedie of 死于(疾病，情感，年老等)die from 死于(意外事故或疾病、情感以外的原因)die out 熄灭；灭绝die away(风、声音)渐渐消失die down(风、雨等)渐渐平息die off 相继死去getget about 四处走动，传开get across 使明白，使理解，表达get along/on 进展get away 跑掉；逃脱；离开get back 回来；回到；找回；取回get close to 接近；靠近get down to 开始认真(做某事)get hold of 拿到；抓住get over 越过；克服(困难)；(从疾病等)恢复过来get through (电话)接通；(考试)及格；(议案等)通过；做完(工作)；通过(考试)get to 到达(某地)；开始/着手(做某事)get together 聚会；联欢；聚集get up 起床；站起来；举办；安排；打扮givegive away 泄露(秘密)；暴露(真相)give back 归还；还给give birth to 生(孩子)；产生；起源give in 屈服；让步；交上去；递交give off 发出(气体、光等)give out 分发；散发；发出(光、声等)；用完；耗尽give up 放弃；停止；让给；献出give way 撤退；后退；让步；退让；退位；让路gogo against 违反；不利go ahead 先走；进行go away 走开；离去；逃走；外出度假go by 走过；(时间)消逝；遵照；按照go in(for) 参加(比赛)；从事(某种事业或活动)；爱好(业余活动等)go over 仔细检查；审阅go through 走过；经过；仔细检查；审阅go up 上涨；涨价；增长；提高；上去；上接go without 随身没带就走了；没有也行；没有将就对付；没有(吃、穿)holdhold back 阻止；阻挡；控制hold on (打电话)不挂断；继续下去hold ones breath 屏住气；不出声hold out 伸出；坚持；维持hold up 抬/举起；支撑；阻止；使停顿keepkeep away 不靠近；离开keep back 隐瞒，抑制住keep from 避开；抑制；阻止keep off 离开，让开；不接近keep out 不使入内；留在外面keep out of. 置于之外；不卷入keep up 保持；维持；继续looklook after 照顾；照管look around/round 环顾；往四下看；观光；旅游look at (注意)看；朝看；看待；考虑look back 回头看；回顾；回忆look down on/upon 看不起；轻视look for 寻找；期盼look forward to 期盼；期待look into 朝里面看；检查；调查；研究；观察look on/upon.as 把看做look out(for) 注意；当心；留神；找出来look over 从上面看过去；审查；检阅；翻阅look through 透过看去；看穿；识破；仔细检查；审阅look up 向上看；查找；审阅makemake (both) ends meet 收支相抵；量入为出make for 走向；朝前进；有助于；有利于make fun of 和开玩笑；嘲笑make out 辨认出来；看清楚；理解；明白make sense 讲得通；有意义；合乎情理make sure 确保；务必；弄明白make up 组成；占；编造；编写；弥补make up ones mind 下定决心；决定make use of 利用；使用putput away 收拾起来；放好put back 放回原处；推迟；延期put down 放下；记下put off 推迟；拖延；关上(灯、电视等)put out 熄灭；扑灭；伸出；放出put up 举起来；张贴；盖起；修建put up with 忍受，容忍runrun across 从一边跑到另一边；偶然遇见；发现run after 追赶；追求(异性)run away 跑掉；离开；(液体等)流走run into 跑进；(液体)流入；撞到上；偶然遇见run out (of) (从)跑出；用完run round/around 围绕着(延伸)；东跑西跑sendsend for 派人去请；派人去取send/give ones wishes 向致意；向祝愿send out 发出(光亮等)；派出去send up 发射setset about 开始；着手干set aside 留出set down 下车；写下；放下set.free 释放；解放；使自由set off 动身出发；使爆炸；引起set out 出发；陈列；安放；开始；着手干set up 建立；设立；创立；竖起；建造；安放好taketake away 拿走；减去take care 注意；当心take care of 照顾；负责；爱护take off 起飞；脱掉(衣帽等)take on 呈现；承担take out 拿出；取出take up 拿起；占用(地方、空间、时间等)；选学(课程)；从事(某种工作)take over 接管turnturn away 把打发走；走开；离开turn down 翻下来；朝下翻转；把(收音机等)关小；拒绝turn into (把)变成turn off 关上(水、电等)turn on 打开(电灯、收音机等)；开；开动turn out 结果；证明(是)；翻出来；生产turn over 翻倒；翻过来；翻身turn to 转向；转道；翻到；求助于；变成turn up 出现；露面；来到；发生；卷起；开大(收音机等的音量)误区警示1动词“熟词生义”易错点(xx全国高考，34)William found it increasingly difficult to read，for his eyesight was beginning to _.Adisappear Bfall Cfail Ddamage【错混透析】 C该题容易误选B项，因为从汉语意义来讲fall表“下降”，但fall表示位置的降低；disappear意为“消失”；damage意为“损害，毁坏”。A、B、D三项均不符合语境；fail我们比较熟悉的含义为“失败”，但在该题中意为“(健康、体力、视力等的)下降，衰退”，符合题意。句意：威廉姆发现阅读变得越来越困难，因为他的视力开始衰退。【解题指导】 英语中动词的词义丰富，用法灵活，不易掌握。一词多义和熟词生义是常见考点。做好这类题目一是要加强词汇记忆，加大动词积累，注意动词活用；二是要体会英语本意，准确辨析词义。2动词“词性转化”易错点Some parents are just too protective.They want to _ their kids from every kinds of danger，real or imagined.Aspot BdismissCshelter Ddistinguish【错混透析】 C本题四个选项都是考生不太熟悉的，或在高考试卷中出现频率不太高的词汇，其中A、C两项可用作名词和动词。语境表示有些父母想保护孩子免遭任何实际的或凭空想象出的危险。shelter用作名词表示“掩蔽，掩蔽处，避身处”，用作动词则表示“庇护”，符合题意。A项“识别出，发现”；B项“开除”；D项“区别”都是出现频率不太高的词汇。【解题指导】 湖北高考在考查词汇的同时也兼顾考查词语搭配、词性转化等，并增加了对高考试卷中出现频率较低的词汇的考查，对考生的词汇知识提出了更高的要求。考生在复习的过程中要针对课程标准所要求掌握的词汇，加强词汇记忆，掌握其本意、引申义、转化义及常见搭配。3动词“同义词、近义词辨析”易错点God is believed，in term of religion，to have _ the universe out of darkness and chaos.Acreated BinventedCdiscovered Dproduced【错混透析】 Acreate“创造”，指制造出新事物，使某物存在；invent“发明”，发明新的技术、工具等；discover“发现”，指本来已经存在的东西，后来首次为人们所知晓；produce“生产，制造”，指通过机器或动植物生长而产生的新事物。句意：根据宗教的说法，是上帝在黑暗和混沌中创造了宇宙。【解题指导】 考生首先要正确掌握选项单词词义包括其内涵意义，然后在具体的语境中确定正确的答案。4“动词短语辨析”易错点Many teens dont get enough sleep because they have too much homework，which _ them _ at night.Amakes；up Bstays；upCturns；up Dkeeps；up【错混透析】 D本题主要考查不同动词和同一副词的搭配。make up “组成”；turn up “出现”；stay up “熬夜，不睡觉”，为不及物动词短语，不能用于stay sb.up这一结构，其主语常为人，例如：We stayed up until midnight talking about work.我们谈论工作一直到深夜还没有睡。keep up 学生比较熟悉的意思是“保持，持续，维护”，但keep sb.up 表“使某人不睡觉，使某人熬夜”，例如：Dont keep the children up too late.不要让孩子们睡得太晚。如果学生不了解这一用法，仅从句意来看就很容易误选B项。【解题指导】 高考对动词短语的考查主要集中在两个方面：一是考查其意义；二是考查其用法。做好此类题就要求考生在平时的学习中注意知识的积累，既要掌握选项动词短语的常见含义，对其比较生僻的意思也要了解和掌握，只有全面掌握动词短语的含义，做题时才能明白其不同意思并能区别相似短语的意义，从而选出正确答案；另一方面要分析句子结构，正确理解句意。1(xx湖北七市联考)Putin has won the Russians presidential election as expected，over which many hold the opinion that he _ it in terms of his contribution to the country.Apermits Bdeserves Cadmits Dpreserves2(xx湖北七市联考)In the 1990s，Mr.Bean became a star using mime to _ difficult social situations much as Charlie Chaplin had done.Ahighlight Boverlook Cassess Dupdate3(xx武汉统招适应)Do not fear them；for there is nothing covered that will not be _，and nothing hidden that will not be made known.Acriticized Bdefined Cestimated Drevealed4(xx武汉统招适应)If the world bees less unfair and people have better education，much of the poverty can be _.Ataken out Bleft out Cwiped out Dput out5(xx武汉四月调研)Despite the fact that his words often fail to _ when he sings，Jay Chou enjoys a very large number of admirers in the mainland.Aget through Bget out Cget across Dget over6(xx湖北八校二次联考)The US government on Wednesday _ former merce Secretary Gary Locke as ambassador to China，making him the first ChineseAmerican ever to take the post.Aaccumulated Breflected Cdistinguished Dconfirmed7(xx湖北八校二次联考)Miss Green often said “God helps those who help themselves”，intending to _ on us the significance of being independent.Abase Bimpress Cfocus Drely8(xx湖北八校二次联考) With the situation worsening，the army threatens to _ if a general election is not to be held as scheduled，BBC reports.Atake up Btake over Ctake on Dtake apart9(xx湖北八校二次联考)The national teams unexpected 62 win on Friday _ a drunken celebration that lasted well into weekend.Aheld up Bput forward Cset off Dtore down10(xx湖北襄阳三月调研)Take medicine as directed by the doctor；besides，you should also keep in mind that sunshine，fresh air，and rest often _ a persons recovery from sickness.Aaccelerate BapproveCacplish Daccumulate11(xx湖北襄阳三月调研)Without any better alternatives，the mittee eventually accepted his scheme，though still skeptical whether it would _.Apick up Bset out Cpay off Dtake in12(xx湖北襄阳十二月调研)International football matches doesnt always _ better understanding between countries.Astand for Bpensate for Cmake for Daccount for13(xx湖北八校一次联考)Family violence against women hasnt caused widespread concern because it is not the Chinese tradition to _ the family conflicts to outsiders.Aexpress Bexpose Cenquire Ddistribute14(xx湖北八校一次联考)I am afraid we cannot include the item you suggest，as it does not _ with the rest of the programme.Ae down Bkeep up Cget on Dfit in15(xx武汉武昌一月调研)It is generally acknowledged that education shouldnt be _ purely by examination result.Ameasured Bconfirmed Cclassified Didentified16(xx武汉武昌一月调研)The examination was ing，but she couldnt go to sleep easily.Thoughts _ in and images flashed into her mind.Acrowded Bbroke Cfitted Dsettled17(xx武汉武昌一月调研) You cant _ him to arrive on time，because he is always late for meetings.Atake in Bappeal to Crely on Dcall up18(xx武汉武昌一月调研)If you _ others to hire a car and see these famous tourist spots，your will be more economical.Ateam up with Bcarry on withCget along with Dput up with19(xx武汉二月调研)They had _ the office building，which then left an open space to build a street garden.Apulled down Btaken down Cturned down Dpoured down20(xx湖北八市三月联考)The media globalization demands media staff have a nose for news and ability to criticize a news discourse.Announcers ought to grasp the news contents precisely，apply their own voices and techniques to _ the positive news values accurately.Abroadcast Bpredict Cconvey Dconsult参考答案二、动词和动词短语命题调研明晰考向真题试做1A句意：两位律师捐赠了五万美金赞助我们学校的“扶贫”活动，该活动是三年前由我们的前任校长发起的。sponsor“赞助”；launch“发动，发射”；organize“组织”；plan“计划”。2B句意：独自一个人走在黑暗中，男孩为给自己壮胆吹起了口哨。keep up ones courage 意为“鼓足勇气”。3Bdirect “指导；导演”； limit“限制；局限”； change“改变；变化”； improve“提高；改善”。句意：若想成功，那么知识与学习就很重要，但他们或许也会限制我们的思维。由此可知B项符合句意。4Btake down“写下；取下”； bring down“降低” ; hand down“传递”； tear down“拆毁；拆除；扯下”。句意：政府已采取措施降低日用品的高价来维护市场的稳定。故B项符合句意。5D句意：义务是一种行为的具体行动或过程，人们期望它的实施能够遵守社会习俗、法律或宗教信仰。persuade“劝说，说服”；request“请求，要求”；instruct“命令，指示”；expect“期望，期待；期盼”。6B句意：如果当初她能履行诺言的话，她就能上耶鲁大学了。look up to“抬头看(某人或某物)；尊重/敬仰(某人)”；live up to“实行；履行；符合”；keep up with“跟上，不落人之后”；e up with“提出，想出”。创新模拟预测演练1B句意：众望所归，普京赢得了俄罗斯总统大选，鉴于他对国家的贡献，许多人认为这是他应得的。permit“允许，容许”；deserve“应得，值得”；admit“承认，接纳”；preserve“保护，维护”。2A句意：二十世纪九十年代，憨豆先生就像当年的卓别林一样，通过哑剧来关注艰难的社会万象，一举成名。 highlight“使突出，使强调，使注意力集中于” overlook“忽视，俯视”；assess“评价，评估”；update“更新”。3D句意：不要害怕他们，因为任何掩盖的事实都将会被揭露，任何隐藏的秘密终将会为人所知。criticize “批评，批判”；define“解释，给下定义”；estimate“评价，判断”；reveal“揭露，揭示，使展现”。4C句意：如果世界变得更公平一点儿，人们受的教育再好点儿，许多的贫穷是可以彻底消除的。take out“拿出，取出”；leave out“省出，遗漏”；wipe out“消灭，彻底消除”；put out“出版，熄灭”。5C句意：尽管他唱歌时你很难听明白他在唱什么，但周杰伦在内地仍拥有大量的崇拜者。get through “接通电话，经历”；get out “泄露，出去”；get across“使明白，使理解”；get over“克服”。6D句意：美国政府于星期三证实其前商务部长骆家辉将担任驻华大使一职，这是美国历史上首位华裔驻华大使。accumulate“累积，积聚，积攒”；reflect“反映，反省”；distinguish“区别，辨别”；confirm“证实，确定”。7B句意：格林小姐常常说“自助者，天助之”，为的是让我们记住独立的重要性。base.on “以为基础”；impress on “使铭记，铭刻”；focus on “关注，集中于”；rely on “依靠，依赖”。8B句意：随着形势进一步恶化，军队威胁说如果大选不能如期进行他们就要接管政府，英国广播公司报道。take over“接收，接管”；take up“从事，占用”；take on“呈现”；take apart“拆开，拆卸”。9C句意：国家队竟然以62赢得了星期五的比赛，为庆祝这一出人意料的结果而举行的狂欢一直持续到周末。set off“引发，激发，使开始运行”；hold up“延迟，阻止”；put forward“提出”；tear down“拆毁”。10A句意：除了遵照医嘱服药以外你还要记住阳光、新鲜空气和适当的休息常常可以促进一个人的康复。accelerate“促进”；approve“支持，赞同”；acplish“完成，实现”；accumulate“积聚，积攒”。11C句意：没有其他更好的选择，委员会最终接受了他的方案，尽管这方案能否成功还值得怀疑。pick up“学到，获得，捡起”；set out “动身，开始”；pay off“得到好结果，取得成功”；take in“理解，吸收”。12C句意：国际足球比赛并不总是有助于国家与国家之间变得更融洽。make for“有助于，促进”；stand for“代表”；pensate for“补偿”；account for“解释，说明”。13B句意：对妇女实施家庭暴力还没有引起广泛关注，因为家丑不可外扬是中国的一贯传统。express“表达”；expose“暴露”；enquire“询问，查询”；distribute“分配”。14.D句意：恐怕我们不能采用你所建议的条款，因为它和方案其他部分不一致。e down“流传下来，败落”；keep up“继续，持续”；get on“进展，进步”；fit in“使合适，使与相一致”。15A句意：普遍认为教育不应该单纯地通过考试成绩来衡量。measure“衡量，测量”；confirm“证实”；classify“分类”；identify“确认，鉴定”。16A句意：考试即将来临，但她却很难入睡。各种想法不断涌入脑海，各种影像不断地在脑海中闪现。crowd in “(想法、问题等)涌上心头，涌入脑海”，break in“强行闯入”；fit in “适应，适合”；settle in“安顿下来”。17C句意：你别指望他能准时来，因为他总是开会迟到。take in“欺骗，吸收”；appeal to“向呼吁，恳求”；rely on“依靠，指望”；call up“使人想起，打电话”。18A句意：如果你和其他人合租一辆车去这些著名旅游景点观光会更实惠一些。team up with“与合作”；carry on with“继续/坚持做某事”；get along with“与某人相处”；put up with“容忍，忍受”。19A句意：他们不得不将这栋写字楼拆除以留出一片空地来建一个街道花园。pull down“拆毁，推倒”；take down“写下，记下”；turn down “调小，拒绝”；pour down “大雨倾盆，倾泻”。20C句意：媒体全球化要求媒体工作者要有新闻敏感性并具备评价新闻报道的能力。播音员也应该准确地抓住新闻的内容并运用他们的声音和技巧精确地传达出积极的新闻价值。broadcast“广播，播送”；predict“预测”；convey“表达，传达”；consult“咨询”。