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Unit 5 I Love Learning English!词句精讲精练词汇精讲1. reply (1) reply作名词时，意为“回答，答复”。例如： I need your reply. 我需要你的答复。 His reply made me unhappy. 他的答复让我不高兴。 (2) 与reply有关的短语：make a reply作答 make no reply不作答复 in reply to为答复 例如： You must make a reply now. 你必须现在作出答复。 He made no reply and left in a hurry. 他没作答复就匆匆离开了。 He is going to attend the meeting in reply to the reporters. 为答复记者他将出席这次会议。【拓展】reply与answer的辨析：词条词性用法reply名词或动词指经过思考后“回答，答复”，常与介词to连用，用法较正式。answer名词指“的答案或答复”，与to连用。动词后可直接跟宾语，表示对问题、指责等的回答；还可表示对电话、敲门等作出的“应答”。例如：You must reply to/answer this letter. 你必须回复这封信。Do you know the answer to the question?你知道这个问题的答案吗？2. be proud ofproud 是形容词，常用结构：be proud of sth. 意为“以而骄傲”。例如：I am very proud of being a Chinese. 作为一名中国人我很自豪 The young should be proud of their own culture.年轻人应该以他们自己的文化而自豪。【拓展】(1) be proud to do sth 意为“为做某事而骄傲”。 例如：We are proud to be a league member. 我们为成为团员而骄傲。(2) pride是名词，意为“骄傲，自豪”。 常用的结构： take pride in sth. 意为“为某事骄傲”。例如：They take great pride in her daughter who is now a famous scientist. 他们为成为科学家的女儿而感到自豪。 He is the pride of our city. 他是我们城市的骄傲。3. such/so (1) such是形容词，意为“如此的，这样的”。其后接名词，有以下几种用法：1) such a / an + 形容词 + 单数可数名词。例如： Is there such a book? 有这样的书吗？2) such + 形容词 + 复数名词。例如： There are such beautiful flowers. 有如此美丽的花。3) such + 形容词 + 不可数名词。例如： I have never heard such terrible news. 我从未听说过这样可怕的消息。 (2) so与such均有“如此的，这样的”之意，so是副词，通常修饰形容词或副词，而such是形容词，常修饰名词。“such a / an + adj. + 单数名词”可转换成“so + adj. + a /an + 单数名词”；另外，在表示“这么多（少）的”时名词前有many; much; few或little时应用so而不用such。例如： She has so many books. 她有如此多的书。 She is such a nice girl. = She is so nice a girl. 她是如此好的女孩。4. be good withbe good with“和相处得好；擅于和相处”，相当于get on well with。 例如： Are you good with children?你和孩子们相处得好吗？【拓展】(1) be good to“对好”，其反义短语为be bad to“对不好”。介词to之后一般接表示人的名词或代词。例如：She is very good to us. 她对我们很好。The boss is bad to his workers.那个老板对他的工人不好。(2) be good at“在方面擅长”，介词at后面常接名词、代词或动词-ing形式，同义短语为do well in。例如：She is good at English and Chinese. = She does well in English and Chinese. 她擅长英语和汉语。(3) be good for意为“对有好处，对有益处”，介词for后接名词或代词。其反义词为be bad for，意为“对有害处”。例如： Junk food is not good for our health. 垃圾食品对我们的健康没有好处。 Smoking is bad for you. 吸烟对你有害。5. look up (1) look up意为“查阅；查找”，其后跟名词或代词作宾语，如果代词作look up的宾语，则须放在look 与up的中间。例如： If you dont know how to read a new word, please look it up in the dictionary. 如果你不知道一个生词怎么读，请查字典。 Look up the word in your book, and you will know its meaning. 在书中查查这个词，你就知道它的意思了。(2) look up还有“向上看；抬头看”的意思。例如： He looked up and laughed happily. 他抬头看了看，高兴地笑了。【拓展】look 的相关短语：look through浏览，仔细地看look for寻找 look over(医生)仔细检查 look around 环顾四周 look after照看 look at 看 look down on 看不起6. ask forask for sth.意为“请求某事，要某物”，相当于want sth. 例如： Please ask for help if you have some problems. 如果你有问题，请寻求帮助。【拓展】(1) ask sb. for sth.“向某人要某物”。例如： If you dont find the way to the school, please ask a policeman for help. 如果你找不到去学校的路，请向警察求助。(2) ask sb. about sth.意为“询问某人有关某事；向某人打听某事”。例如： My father often calls me up and asks me about my study. 爸爸经常给我打电话，询问我的学习情况。 (3) ask sb. sth. “问某人某事”。例如： Can I ask you some questions? 我能问你一些问题吗？ (4) ask sb. to do sth.“让某人做某事”，其否定形式为ask sb. not to do sth.“让某人不要做某事”。例如：I often ask him to help me with my housework. 我经常让他帮助我做家务。My mother asked me not to read in the sun.妈妈让我不要在太阳下看书。7. connect connect 动词，意为“连接，把连接起来”。常与with连用，构成短语“connect with”表示“把和联系起来”。例如： I cant connect the puter with the printer. 我不会把打印机和电脑连在一起。Telephone connects you with others.电话把你和别人联系起来。8. look forward tolook forward to 意思是“期待，盼望”，to是介词，后面接名词或者动名词。例如：I look forward to being alone in the house.我盼望能自己一人在这所房子。We look forward to the return of spring.我们期待着春天的到来。【拓展】虽然介词to与动词不定式符号to在形式上相同，但用法各异。主要区别归纳如下：(1) 介词to表示“向、往、对于 ” 等，既可以指时间、方向、距离、对象或结果，又可以指程度、直接或间接关系，后面必须接名词、代词等构成介词短语。Japan is to the east of China. 日本在中国的东面。Lets drink to his health. 让我们为他的健康干杯。He tied the monkey to the tree. 他把猴子拴在树上。(2) 动词不定式符号to无词义，后面必须接动词原形，构成不定式短语。To play puter games is wrong. 玩电脑游戏是错误的。My job is to teach English.我的工作是教英语。 I wish to go there. 我希望去那儿。词汇精练I. 英汉互译。1. 独自地，单独地 _ 2. at first _3. each other _ 4. thanks to _5. 以为自豪_ 6. 迫不及待做某事_7. 事实上_8. （在字典中）查阅，查找_9. 写下，记下_ 10. 犯错误_II. 根据句意及首字母或汉语提示完成句子。1. My English teacher is a f_ woman.2. Do you often have a _(快的) breakfast?3. I often made m_ in writing.4. Let me _(介绍) my best friend, Lily.5. The little boy d_ a big hole yesterday.6. Does everyone have an o_ to join the English club?7. How many _(杂志) are there in your library?8. He knew the answer _(确切地).9. I cant wait to _(交流) with you.10. Thanks for _(回答) to me.III. 用所给单词的正确形式填空。1. Look! The little boy can read the text _(exact).2. Li Lin _(write) a letter to his friend every month.3. Toms mother said, “Tom, get up _(quick)”.4. We are all _(pride) of Yi Siling. She got the first gold medal for China.5. _ (walk) after supper is good for your health.6. Can you _(talk) with me in English?IV. 用适当的反身代词完成句子。1. Im not angry with you. I am angry with _.2. Mary had a nice time on London. She enjoyed _ so much.3. He never thinks about other people. He only thinks about _.4. I cooked _ a meal and then I watched television.5. She put the plates on the table and told them to help _ to the food.6. Tom hurt _ when he was playing football.7. She makes all her clothes _.8. Simon: Did you paint the room _? Alice: Yes, it took me three days to do it. 9. He typed the letter _ and then he posted it.参考答案 I. 英汉互译。1. by oneself 2. 首先，起初 3. 相互 4. 幸亏，由于，归功于5. be proud of 6. cant wait to do sth. 7. in fact 8. look up9. write down 10. make mistakesII. 根据句意及首字母或汉语提示完成句子。1. foreign 2. quick 3. mistakes 4. introduce 5. dug 6. opportunity 7. magazines 8. exactly 9. municate 10. replyingIII. 用所给单词的正确形式填空。 1. exactly 2. writes 3. quickly 4. proud 5. Walking 6. talkIV. 用适当的反身代词完成句子。1. myself 2. herself 3. himself 4. myself 5. themselves 6. himself 7. herself 8. yourself 9. himself句式精讲1. Can I speak to Jenny, please?打电话的交际用语 Can I speak toplease?意为“请问我可以和讲话吗？”是要某人接电话的常用句式，其中can可以用may或could代替。例如： Can / May / Could I speak to Mr. Li, please? 请问我可以和李先生讲话吗？【拓展】(1) 打电话问是不是某人时，可用：Hello, is that.speaking? 你是吗？ / Who is that speaking?你是谁？ 应答时常说：Yes, this is.speaking. 是的，我是。(2) 打电话请对方找人或留言时，可用：Is.inat home? 某某在家吗？WillWould you give a message to., please? 请给捎个口信好吗？ (3) 接电话的一方如果不是你要找的人，对方常用：Im sorry.is not inat home now. 对不起，现在不在。Hold onWait a minuteOne moment, please. 请等一等。Can I take a message? 我能给你捎口信好吗？ 2. I practice by myself a lot. by oneself意为“独立地；单独地；独自地”，根据不同的语义，反身代词可以有不同的变化，如：by myself; by yourself; by ourselves等。关于反身代词的构成和用法，现总结如下： (1) 反身代词的构成 反身代词指代某人自己，单数以-self结尾，复数以-selves结尾。第一、二人称反身代词由形容词性物主代词+self/selves构成，第三人称反身代词由宾格人称代词 + self / selves构成。数 人称第一人称第二人称第三人称单数myselfyourselfhimself; herself; itself复数ourselvesyourselvesthemselves口诀：反身代词构成并不难，单数词尾-self记心间。第三人称宾格加在前，其余物主开头用在先。复数形式如何变，f要用ves来替换。 (2) 反身代词的用法 1) 作宾语 反身代词常用在buy, enjoy, help, hurt, teach, wash等及物动词和by, to, after, for, about等介词后作宾语。例如： You have to learn to look after yourself. 你得学会照顾自己。（作介词的宾语） My sister cant wash herself yet. 我的妹妹还不会自己洗脸。（作动词的宾语） 2) 作同位语 反身代词常作主语或宾语的同位语，起强调作用，表示“自己；亲自”的意思。作主语同位语时，可以放在主语之后，也可以放在句子的末尾；但作宾语同位语时，反身代词只能放在宾语之后。例如： The tiger himself didnt often go to look for food. = The tiger didnt often go to look for food himself. 老虎自己很少出去寻找食物。（主语同位语） Youd better ask Mary herself. 你最好问问玛丽本人。（宾语同位语） 3) 作表语 反身代词也常放在系动词之后作表语，表示与主语是同一人或物。例如： The man in the photo is myself. 照片上的那个人就是我（自己）。口诀：反身代词莫乱用，能作句中宾、表、同（宾语、表语、同位语）， 主语、定语不宜用，固定搭配要记清。3. So English is an easy language to learn, right? 本句中to learn是不定式作定语。动词不定式有形容词性质，在句中可作名词或不定代词的定语。这种定语往往只能后置，并且与被修饰词之间有一定的逻辑关系。例如： I want to get something to drink. 我想要些喝的。(不定式to drink 与被修饰词something有逻辑上的动宾关系)Is there anyone to take care of the children? 有人照顾孩子们吗？(不定式to take care of与被修饰词anyone有逻辑上的主谓关系)4. With a good knowledge of English, studentswith在此句中作“有；带有”讲，表示某物带有或具有某种特征。 例如：The woman with short hair is my mother. 留短发的妇女是我的妈妈。That is a house with a swimming pool. 那是一座带游泳池的房子。【拓展】 (1) with作介词，意为“和一起”，表伴随关系。例如： I went to Hong Kong Disneyland with my parents. 我和父母一起去了香港迪斯尼乐园。 (2) 表示使用“某种工具、手段”。例如： My American friend is learning to eat with chopsticks. 我的美国朋友在学着用筷子吃饭。5. Dont be afraid to make mistakes! (1) be afraid to do sth.意为“害怕做某事”，afraid是形容词，意为“害怕的”，只能作表语。例如： He was afraid to go out alone at night. 他害怕晚上独自外出。【拓展】(1) be afraid of doing和be afraid to do 的区别： be afraid to do是主观上的原因不去做，意为“害怕”；be afraid of doing 指担心出现doing描述的状况或结果。例如： Im afraid to speak English in front of so many people because Im afraid of making mistakes. 我不敢在那么多人面前说英语，因为我怕出错。(2) be afraid + that从句，意为“恐怕”。 例如：Im afraid that he wont e this evening. 我恐怕他今天晚上不会来了。 (2) make mistakes = make a mistake意为“犯错，出错”。例如： At times I make mistakes when I speak English. 我说英语时有时会出错。 She always makes mistakes in grammar. 她总是在语法方面犯错误。 6. Your cousin can stay at our house.can用作情态动词，有以下用法：(1) 表示能力。 表示能力时一般译为“能、会”， 即有某种能力，尤其是生来具备的能力，此时may 和must 均不可代替它。例如：She can swim fast, but I cant. 她能游得很快，但我不能。I can see with my eyes. 我用眼睛看。(2) 表示许可，常在口语中。例如：You can use my dictionary. 你可以用我的字典。(3) 表示推测。表示推测时，意为“可能”， 常用于否定句和疑问句中，此时cant 译为“不可能”。 例如：Can the news be true? 这个消息会是真的吗？ Can the man be our teacher?那个人有可能是我们老师吗？ No, he cant be our teacher. Our teacher is on a visit to the Great Wall.不可能。咱们老师正在游览长城呢。句式精练I. 根据提示，翻译下列句子。1. 你自己怎么建桥？ _ do you build the bridge _ _?2. 他为成为一名教师而自豪。 He is _ _ being a teacher.3. 事实上，我知道这个好消息。 _ _, I knew the good news.4. 请在字典中查阅这个新单词。 Please _ _ the new word in the dictionary.5. 我昨天犯了一个大错误。 I _ _ _ _ yesterday.6. 我弟弟只有六岁。他不敢在河里游泳。 My brother is only six years old. He _ _ _ swim in the river.7. 你经常和你的老师们交流吗？ Do you often _ _ your teacher?8. 请把你的朋友们介绍给我。 Please _ your friends _ me.9. 你可以和我一起去购物吗？ 可以。 _ you _ _ with me? Yes, I _.II. 同义句转换，每空一词。1. How do you do it alone? How do you do it _ _?2. Tom didnt answer my letter. Tom didnt _ _ my letter. 3. The old lady takes pride in her son. The old lady _ _ _ her son.4. She is such a nice girl that everyone likes her. She is _ _ a girl that everyone likes her.5. Our English teacher gets on well with us. Our English teacher _ _ _ us.III. 连词成句。1. please; I; Jenny; to; can; speak(?)_2. could; speak; loudly; you; more(?)_3. cant; to; visit; wait; I; the; Wall; Great (!)_4. dont; make; be; mistakes; to; afraid (.)_5. English; the; with; connects; world; you(.)_IV. 补全对话。Z: Hello. Is Mei Ya in, please? M: 1. _. Who is that? Z: This is Zhu Lei here. Have you watched the performance by Tai Lihua? M: 2. _? Z: I havent either. But its said this is a very beautiful dance. M: 3. _? Was it given by Tai Lihua only? Z: No, it was given by Tai Lihua and other 19 girls. And many people in the country were moved by it. M: Why were so many people moved? Was there something special about it? Z: Yes. These 20 girls are all deaf and mute ones(聋哑人). M: Oh, I understand. I hope I can have a chance to watch it. Z: Dont worry. Here es the chance. Look, Ive got two tickets for their performance in Wuhan Theatre tonight. 4. _? M: Sure. How shall we get there? Z: 5. _? It is not far from here. M: OK, Ill wait for you at home at two. See you later. Z: See you. A. Really B. Not yet, and you C. This is Mei Ya speaking D. Would you like to go with me E. How about riding a bike 参考答案I. 根据提示，翻译下列句子。1. How; by yourself 2. proud of 3. In fact 4. look up5. made a big mistake 6. is afraid to 7. municate with 8. introduce; to 9. Can; go shopping; canII. 同义句转换，每空一词。1. by yourself 2. reply to 3. is proud of 4. so nice 5. is good withIII. 连词成句。1. Can I speak to Jenny, please?2. Could you speak more loudly?3. I cant wait to visit the Great Wall!4. Dont be afraid to make mistakes.5. English connects you with the world.IV. 补全对话。1. C 2. B 3. A 4. D 5. E
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