高三英语二轮复习 第二篇 阅读技能探究 专题三 阅读理解 第1讲 细节理解题课件.ppt

第1讲细节理解题 考点1直接信息理解类 典例 2015 浙江高考 B片段 Mostgraphshaveafewbasicparts acaptionorintroductionparagraph atitle alegendorkey andlabeledaxes Anactivereaderlooksateachpartofthegraphbeforetryingtointerpretthedata Captionswillusuallytellyouwherethedatacamefrom forexample ascientificstudyof400Africanelephantsfrom1980to2005 Captionsusuallysummarizetheauthor smainpointaswell Thetitleisvery important Ittellsyouthemainideaofthegraphbystatingwhatkindofinformationisbeingshown Alegend alsocalledakey isaguidetothesymbolsandcolorsusedinthegraph Manygraphs includingbargraphsandlinegraphs havetwoaxesthatformacorner Usuallytheseaxesaretheleftsideandthebottomofthegraph Eachaxiswillalwayshavealabel Thelabeltellsyouwhateachaxismeasures Q Whenusedinagraph alegendis A aguidetothesymbolsandcolorsB anintroductionparagraphC themainideaD thedata 解题思路 速读文章 试找出相关的信息句 并突出关键词 尝试解答 Alegend alsocalleda key isaguidetothesymbolsandcolorsusedinthegraph A 解题技巧 1 断章取义 寻依据考生要从文段中获得回答细节题的具体信息 可用 寻读法 即画出题干中的关键词语 然后在文章中找出可能包含所需信息的段落或句子 运用此法时 应根据文段的结构和写作顺序 有针对性地寻读 迅速锁定相关内容 2 常见命题方式特殊疑问句形式表达 以when where what which who how等疑问词开头引出的问题 考点2间接信息理解类 典例 2015 浙江高考 A片段 Fromtheverybeginningofschoolwemakebooksandreadingaconstantsourceofpossiblefailureandpublichumiliation Whenchildrenarelittlewemakethemreadaloud beforetheteacherandotherchildren sothatwecanbesurethey know allthewordstheyarereading Thismeansthatwhentheydon tknowaword theyaregoingtomakeamistake rightinfrontofeveryone Afterhavingtaughtfifth gradeclassesforfouryears Idecidedtotryatallcoststoridthemoftheirfearanddislikeofbooks andtogetthemtoreadoftenerandmoreadventurously Onedaysoonafterschoolhadstarted Isaidtothem NowI mgoingtosaysomethingaboutreadingthatyouhaveprobablyneverheardateachersaybefore Iwouldlikeyoutoreadalotofbooksthisyear butIwantyoutoreadthemonlyforpleasure Iamnotgoingtoaskyouquestionstofindoutwhetheryouunderstandthebooksornot Ifyouunderstandenoughofabooktoenjoyitandwanttogoonreadingit that senoughforme AlsoI mnotgoingtoaskyouwhatwordsmean Q Theteachertoldhisstudentstoread A forenjoymentB forknowledgeC foralargervocabularyD forhigherscoresinexams 解题思路 速读文章 试找出相关的信息句 并突出与选项同义的词 尝试解答 butIwantyoutoreadthemonlyforpleasure A 解题技巧 1 同义互释 定选项间接理解题答案选项的表述通常不是使用文章的原话 而是使用与文中同义或近义的词语来表达 可运用排除法 将 无此细节 和 与此细节相反 的选项提前进行排除 2 正确选项有以下特征 对原句的关键词进行替换 词性或语态有所变化 语言简化 把原文中的复杂语言进行简化 正话反说 把原文中的意思反过来表达 3 常见命题方式Accordingtotheauthor passage Thereason isthat From wecanlearn 考点3数字计算类 典例 2015 四川高考 C片段 AcrossBritain burnttoastwillbeservedtomothersinbedthismorningasoldersonsanddaughtersrushtodelivertheirsupermarketbunchesofflowers But accordingtoanewstudy weshouldbeplacingahighervalueonmotherhoodallyear Mothershavelongknownthattheirhomeworkloadwasjustasheavyaspaidwork Now thenewstudyhasshownthatiftheywerepaidfortheirparentallabours theywouldearnasmuchas 172 000ayear Thestudylookedattherangeofjobsmothersdo aswellasthehourstheyareworking todeterminethefigure Thiswouldmaketheiryearlyincome 30 000morethanthePrimeMinisterearns Byanalysingthenumbers itfoundtheaveragemotherworks119hoursaweek 40ofwhichwouldusuallybepaidatastandardrateand79hoursasovertime Afterquestioning1 000motherswithchildrenunder18 itfoundthat onmostdays mumsstartedtheirroutineworkat7amandfinishedataround11pm Q HowmuchwouldamotherearnayearifworkingasthePrimeMinister A 30 000 B 142 000 C 172 000 D 202 000 解题思路 速读文章 试找出相关的数据 尝试解答 iftheywerepaidfortheirparentallabours theywouldearnas muchas 172 000ayear Thiswouldmaketheiryearlyincome 30 000morethanthePrimeMinisterearns B 172 000 30 000 142 000 解题技巧 1 列表推算 得数据关键是要弄清各数据之间的逻辑关系 选准比较的数据 弄清单位换算关系 确定计算方法 先阅读题干 然后带着题干中的关键词去读文章 对于数字 时间 年代等在读的同时做好标记 以便读完文章后进行相应的计算 简单的数据可采用 推算法 即以有关数据为基础 进行简单的运算 数据较多的文章 通常采用 列表法 即按一定的规律将数据分门别类地列出 化模糊为清晰 为计算打下基础 2 常见命题方式特殊疑问句形式表达 以when inwhichyear howmany much 等疑问词开头引出的问题 考点4正误判断类 典例 2014 福建高考 A ItwasMother sDaymorninglastyearandIwasdoingmyshoppingatourlocalsupermarketwithmyfive year oldson Tenyson Aswewereleaving wefoundthatonlyminutesearlieranelderlywomanhadfallenoverattheentranceandhadhitherheadontheconcrete Herhusbandwaswithher buttherewasbloodeverywhereandthewomanwasembarrassedandclearlyinshock Walkingtowardsthescene Tenysonbecameveryupsetaboutwhathadhappenedtothecouple Hesaidtome Mum it snotmuchfunfallingoverinfrontofeveryone Atthefrontofthesupermarketacharity 慈善 grouphadsetupastandsellingcookedsausagesandflowerstoraisefunds Tenysonsuggestedthatweshouldbuytheladyaflower Itwillmakeherfeelbetter hesaid Iwasamazedthathe dcomeupwiththissweetidea Sowewentovertotheflowersellerandaskedherifwecouldbuyaflowerfortheladytocheerherup Justtakeit shereplied Ican ttakeyourmoneyforsuchawonderfulgesture Bynowparamedics 救援人员 hadarrived andwereattendingtheinjuredwoman Aswewalkeduptoher mysonbecameintimidatedbyallthebloodandmedicalequipment Hesaidhewasjusttooscaredtogouptoher InsteadIgavetheflowertothewoman shusbandandtoldhim Mysonwasveryupsetforyourwifeandwantedtogiveherthisflowertomakeherfeelbetter Atthat theoldmanstartedcryingandsaid Thankyousomuch youhaveawonderfulson HappyMother sDaytoyou Themanthenbentdownandgavehiswifetheflower tellingherwhoitwasfrom Thoughbadlyhurtandshaken theoldladylookedupatTenysonwithloveinhereyesandgavehimalittlesmile Q WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage A TheelderlywomanwasknockeddownbyTenyson B Tenyson sideaofbuyingaflowergainedhismother ssupport C Tenyson scarefortheelderlywomanpuzzledtheflowerseller D TheelderlywomanwasmovedtotearsbyTenyson sgesture 解题思路 速读文章 试找出与四个选项相关的信息句 A项 B项 C项 D项 尝试解答 Aswewereleaving wefoundthatonlyminutesearlieranelderly womanhadfallenoverattheentrance Sowewentovertotheflowersellerandaskedher Justtakeit shereplied Ican ttakeyourmoneyforsucha wonderfulgesture theoldladylookedupatTenysonwithloveinhereyesand gavehimalittlesmile B 解题技巧 1 去伪存真 辨是非 速览题目所提供的四个选项 若各选项针对同一内容 则要注意找出各选项之间的差别 再带着问题去原文中核实文章的实际内容 若各个选项陈述的内容不一致 则要根据题干或选项中提供的线索回读原文 逐个找到相关句 最后确定答案 注意表达 绝对化 的选项一般不是正确答案 2 常见命题方式WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingto 误区纠偏 1 扩缩范围 通过改变或去掉限制性词语 将信息中的范围 程度等加以改变 使该选项看似正确 实际上却是错误的 2 无中生有 干扰项与所阅读的文章内容没有任何联系 3 偷梁换柱 干扰项用了与原文相似的句型结构和大部分相似的单词 但句意改变 考点5细节排序类 典例 2014 四川高考 C Aschoolgirlsavedherfather slifebykickinghiminthechestafterhesufferedaseriousallergic 过敏的 reactionwhichstoppedhisheart Izzy nine restartedfatherColm sheartbystamping 踩 onhischestafterhefelldownathomeandstoppedbreathing Izzy smother Debbie immediatelycalled999butIzzyknewdoctorswouldneverarriveintimetosaveherfather sodecidedtouseCPR However shequicklydiscoveredherarmsweren tstrongenough soshestampedonherfather schestinstead Debbiethentookoverwithsomemoreconventionalchestcompressions 按压 untiltheambulancearrived Izzy whohasbeengivenabraveryawardbyherschool said Ijustkickedhimreallyhard MymumtaughtmeCPRbutIknewIwasn tstrongenoughtousehands Iwasquitescared ThedoctorsaidImightaswellbeadoctororanurse MymumsaidthatDadwasgoingtohospitalwithabigfootprintonhischest She salittlestar saidDebbie IwasreallyupsetbutIzzyjusttookover Ijustcan tbelievewhatshedid Ireallythinkallchildrenshouldbetaughtfirstaid IzzydidCPRthenthedoctorturnedup Colmhadtohavemoretreatmentonthewaytothehospitalandwe vegottoseeanexpert TruckdriverColm 35 sufferedamysteryallergicreactiononSaturdayandwastakentohospital butwassenthomeonlyforittohappenagainthenextday Thesecondattackwassoseriousthathisairwayswelled preventinghimfrombreathing hisbloodpressuredroppedsuddenly andhisheartstoppedforamoment Hehasnowmadeafullrecoveryfromhissuffering Q What stherightorderoftheevents IzzykickedColm Debbiecalled999 IzzylearnedCPR Colm sheartstopped A B C D 解题思路 速读文章 试找出四个所给事件发生的先后顺序 事件1 事件2 事件3 事件4 尝试解答 IzzylearnedCPR Colm sheartstopped Debbiecalled999 IzzykickedColm C 解题技巧 1 首尾定位 排序列此类题目要求考生根据动作发生的时间顺序及句子之间的逻辑关系 找出事件发生 发展的正确顺序 可采用 首尾定位法 即先找出第一件事情和最后一件事情 迅速缩小范围 快速选出正确答案 也可使用 代入淘汰法 按顺序逐一排除 从而得出正确答案 2 常见命题方式What stherightorderoftheevents Inwhichorder 文体链接 一 应用文的文体特点1 选材特点 信息量大 文句精练 形式灵活 用最短的篇幅表达最大量的信息 2 内容特点 生活化 实用化 多样化 如产品宣传 服务介绍 通知 海报 启示 招生招聘等 3 形式特点 标题醒目 重点突出 条理清晰 常用粗体字或各类项目符号使文章结构更鲜明 4 语言特点 人名 地名 专有名词多 生词多 缩略词 祈使句 省略句多 结构不完整 5 命题特点 主要考查考生提取信息和处理信息的能力 既注重特定细节的筛选 类比 综合 又注重推理判断题的考查 题目设置相对较容易 二 应用文的做题技巧1 先题后文 先读试题 了解考点 明确目的 快速捕捉 获取信息 2 题干定向 根据题干关键词到文中定位答案范围 按照题目顺序依次而下 问题与材料相同 对号入座 问题与原文相同 同义替换 归纳事实等 3 生词模糊 遇到生词 如无关答题 直接跳过 涉及答题 则根据语境 构词法等猜词 4 信息补全 对于影响理解的省略句 可根据语境 将其补全