2018秋高中英语 Unit 1 Great scientists同步练习 新人教版必修5.doc

Unit 1 Great scientists话题诵读 日积月累导语霍乱是霍乱弧菌(Vibrio cholera)引起的急性肠道传染病，具有发病急、传播快、波及面广的特点，是当今三种国际检疫传染病中的一种。CholeraCholera is a water-borne disease that is spread through polluted water and food.It is an illness caused by the bacterium called Vibrio cholera.It produces an enterotoxin(肠毒素)that causes painless，watery diarrhea(腹泻) that can quickly lead to severe dehydration(脱水)and death if treatment is not given.Most people infected with cholera do not bee ill，although the bacterium is present in their wastes for 714 days.When cholera does happen，more than 90% of cases are not severe and are difficult to tell from other types of diarrhea.Less than 10% of ill people develop cholera with signs of moderate or severe dehydration.A person may get cholera by drinking water or eating food polluted with the cholera bacterium.The disease can spread rapidly in areas without proper treatment of drinking water.The cholera bacterium may also live in the environment in dirty rivers and coastal waters.Shellfish eaten raw can be a source of cholera.Therefore，the disease is not likely to spread directly from one person to another.Cholera can be simply and successfully treated by immediate replacement of the fluid and salt lost through diarrhea.Patients can be treated by being given a mixture of sugar and salt to be mixed with water and drunk in large amounts.People who develop severe diarrhea in countries where cholera breaks out should seek medical attention at once.In a word，to avoid cholera，we should develop a good habit.We should eat well-cooked food instead of raw food.词海拾贝1bacteriumn细菌2coastal adj.临海的；沿海的3fluid n液体adj.液体的4mixture n混合；混杂5seek vt.寻找，探寻；追求问题思考True(T) or False(F)：1Drinking much water with sugar and salt is useless in the treatment of cholera.()2In order to avoid cholera，wed better eat cooked shellfish.()答案：1.F2.T自主预习 步步提高词汇识记.为单词选择正确的释义1suspectA向挑战2challenge B宣布；通告3conclude C责备；谴责4blame D认为；怀疑5announce E结束；推断出6expose F暴露；揭露；使曝光7contribute G小心的；谨慎的8cautious H捐献；贡献答案：1.D2.A3.E4.C5.B6.F7.H8.G.根据所给汉语提示写出单词1_n特征；特性2_vt.打败；战胜；使受挫 (n.)失败3_n治愈；痊愈 (vt.)治愈；治疗4_vt.吸收；吸引；使专心5_vt.预见；预知答案：1.characteristic2.defeat3.cure4.absorb5.foresee.根据英语释义写出单词1_：to be present at an event2_：to have an idea that something is bad but without having definite proof3_：to make a connection between two or more things or people4_：to make something dirty5_：the part of sth used to open it；to deal with；to operate or control答案：1.attend2.suspect3.link4.pollute5.handle.选用短语的适当形式填空put forward；link.to；expose.to；suspect.of；apart from；lead to；draw a conclusion；be to blame；be absorbed in；make sense；be strict with1We had no desire to _ our plan.2We must _ this shameful activity _ the newspaper.3The students sat in the classroom and _ reading English.4We consider that you _ for the accident.5They _ from the fact at last.6People often _ lung cancer _ smoking.7“Youve often made the same mistakes.I will _ you from now on，”the teacher said to Tom.8_ the cost，the dress doesnt suit me.9What he has said doesnt _I cant understand it.10The use of information technology could _ major progress for developing nations.答案：1.put forward2.exposeto3.were absorbed in4.are to blame5.drew a conclusion6.linkto7.be strict with8.Apart from9.make sense10.lead to.领会句子所用的句型并译成汉语1John Snow was a famous doctor in Londonso expert，indeed，that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician._2Neither its cause nor its cure was understood._3So many thousands of terrified people died every_time there was an outbreak._4A woman，who had moved away from Broad Street，liked the water from the pump so much that she had_it_delivered to her house every day._答案：1.约翰斯诺是伦敦一位著名的医生他的确医术精湛，因而成了维多利亚女王的私人大夫。2人们既不知道它的病源，也不知道它的治疗方法。3每次爆发霍乱时就有成千上万惊恐的人病死。4有一位妇女是从宽街搬来的，她特别喜欢那里的水，每天都要派人从水泵打水运到家里来。语篇理解课文表层理解.判断正(T)误(F)1John Snow knew that cholera was not able to be controlled until its cause was found.()2The first theory suggested that people took cholera into their bodies with their meals.()3John Snow was once frightened to face the challenge and solve the problem of cholera.()4The people who had been given free beer and not drunk the water from the pump were not attacked by the disease.()答案：1.T2.F3.F4.T.根据课文内容回答问题1Why couldnt the cholera be under control at first?_2When the cause was found，what did the people do?_3Whats the extra evidence?_答案：1.Because neither its cause nor its cure was found.2They removed the handle from the pump so that it could not be used.3In another part of London，two other deaths were linked to the Broad Street outbreak.根据对文章的理解，将下面表格补充完整(每空一词)JOHN SNOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA”About choleraIt was a 1._ disease of its day.People didnt know its cause or its 2._.Many thousands of people died every time there was an outbreak.Two theoriesCholera spread in a cloud of dangerous gas.Cholera was 3._ into peoples bodies with their meals.The course of finding evidenceAs the disease spread quickly through poor 4._ of London，John Snow began to gather information.He found the outbreak was very 5._ in two particular streets.After further investigations he discovered it seemed that the water was to 6._.When people didnt use the 7._ water，the disease slowed down，which showed that cholera was really spread by germs.8._ to prevent cholera from happeningJohn Snow suggested that the 9._ of all the water supplies be examined.The water panies were 10._ not to expose people to polluted water any more.答案：1.deadly2.cure3.absorbed4.neighbourhoods5.severe/serious6.blame7.polluted8.Measures/Steps9.source10.instructed课文深层理解.根据课文内容匹配段落及其大意1Para. 1AOffer solutions2Para. 2 BWhat caused cholera3Para. 3 CProvide two control theories4Para. 4 DCollect information5Para. 5 ECollect results6Para. 6 FAnalyze the result7Para. 7 GFind supporting evidence答案：1.B2.C3.D4.E5.F6.G7.A.仔细阅读课文，选择最佳选项1The passage mainly tells us that _Athe cause of cholera was polluted waterBJohn Snow was a well-known doctor in LondonCthe source of all drinking water should be examinedDJohn Snow did some research and helped to solve “King Cholera”2What was the key to John Snows discovery?AThe government.BThe woman who had moved away from Broad Street.CThe water pany.DThe map made by himself.3At last，“King Cholera” was controlled by _Ausing medicines in hospitalBdriving patients out of the countryCdealing with the polluted waterDgetting rid of all kinds of pollution4What conclusion did John Snow draw according to the evidence?ACholera multiplied in the water.BPolluted water carried the virus.CA cloud of dangerous gas caused cholera.DCholera could never be controlled even though its cause was found.答案：1.D2.D3.C4.B.根据课文内容回答下列问题1Was John Snow a devoted doctor? How do you know that? (Para.1)_2When did thousands of people die? (Para.1)_3What did John Snow do when the serious cholera broke out? (Para.1)_4What was the difference between the first theory and the second theory? (Para.2)_5How do you know that the outbreak was severe? (Para.3)_6What gave John Snow a valuable clue about the cause of the disease? (Para.4)_7Why did John Snow have the handle of the pump removed? (Para.5)_8How was cholera spread? (Para.5)_9Why did the woman have the water delivered to her house? (Para.6)_10What was John Snows suggestion? (Para.7)_答案：1.Yes，he was.When many people were affected and died，John Snow decided to face the challenge and solve the problem.2Thousands of people died when another outbreak of cholera hit the city.3John Snow wanted to use his knowledge to help solve this problem/ John Snow decided to face the challenge bravely and defeat the deadly disease/ John Snow made up his mind to bring the disease under control.4The first theory suggested that cholera multiplied in the air and was absorbed through peoples noses，while the second theory suggested cholera was absorbed into peoples bodies with their meals./ The first theory suggested that cholera affected people by going into peoples bodies through their noses，while the second theory suggested cholera affected people by going into peoples bodies through their mouths.5More than 500 people died in ten days.6John Snow marked on a map where all the dead people had lived，which gave him a valuable clue about the cause of the disease.7He had the handle removed so that they could not pump the water and so they would not drink the polluted water.8Cholera was spread by germs instead of a cloud of gas.9Because she liked the water from the pump very much.10His suggestion was that the source of all water supplied should be examined and people should not be exposed to polluted water any more.知识聚焦 讲练互动要点直击1put forward提出(意见、建议、观点等)；提前；把(时钟)往前拨；推荐，提名(教材原句P1)Who put forward a theory about black holes?谁提出了关于黑洞的理论？ 归纳拓展搭配链接put down放下；镇压；写下put away收拾好；储存put.in force使生效put.into practice实施，实行put off延期put on穿上；上演；假装put out扑灭，使熄灭；生产put up举起；搭建；张贴；留住宿put up with容忍put aside把撇开不理，不考虑 即学即练用put短语完成句子。John Snow _ a suggestion that people not be exposed to polluted water.Our sports meeting has been _ till next month because of the bad weather.They _ a notice there，saying，“Keep off the grass.”The fire was _ finally with the help of the firefighters.How can you _ such a rude person for so long a time?Weve _ by one week.我们已把婚礼提前了一周。Remember to _ tonight.记住今晚把时钟指针往前拨。Can I _ as our club secretary?我能推荐/提名你担任我们俱乐部的秘书吗？答案：put forwardput offput upput output up withput the wedding forwardput your clock forwardput you forward2conclusion n结论；结束(教材原句P1)Draw a conclusion得出结论 归纳拓展搭配conclude vt.推断，结束 vi.决定，推断，断定Those are the facts，what do you conclude from them?这些都是事实，你能从中得出什么结论？ 即学即练完成句子。The expert _ that there were many people infected with cholera.这位专家断定许多人得了霍乱。Without supporting evidence，we cant _没有强有力的证据，我们不能下结论。The meeting was expected to _ on Monday.会议预计在星期一结束。答案：came to the conclusionmake a conclusionconclude3defeat vt.打败；战胜；使受挫n失败(教材原句P2)JOHN SNOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA”约翰斯诺战胜“霍乱王”defeat vt.打败；战胜；使受挫nU，C失败(1)Although there were lots of difficulties to overe，she never let her problems defeat her.虽然生活中有许多困难，但她从不让困难打败自己。(2)Know the enemy and know yourself and you can fight a hundred battles with no danger of defeat.知己知彼，百战不殆。 易混辨析defeat/beat，win(战胜)词语辨析defeat/beat后只接人(宾语可以是team，nation，opponent等)win后只接事或物，因为win的宾语不是竞争对手，而是比赛、战斗、奖品等(宾语是game，war，prize等)Yesterday I defeated/beat John at chess.He won only one set，while I won two sets.昨天我和约翰下棋赢了他。他只赢了一盘，而我赢了两盘。 即学即练完成句子。_，the Olympics are a platform for personal and national glory.不论是胜利还是失败，奥林匹克就是实现个人和国家荣誉的舞台。Do you still remember _？你还记得那两次失败吗？The problem _！这道题把我难住了！答案：In victory and defeatthe two defeatsdefeats me4attend vt.照顾；护理；注意；出席；参加(教材原句P2)John Snow was a famous doctor in Londonso expert，indeed，that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician.约翰斯诺是伦敦一位著名的医生他的确医术精湛，因而成了维多利亚女王的私人医生。 归纳拓展(1)v.照顾；护理；专心；注意搭配There was no one to attend him but Tina.除了蒂娜，再无人照顾他了。Attend to your study and stop talking.专心学习，不要说话。(2)vt.出席；参加搭配：attend a meeting/a lecture/school参加会议/听讲座/上学He did not attend the meeting yesterday.昨天他没有参加会议。注意：作“照顾；护理”讲时，可用attend，也可用attend on/upon；作“出席；参加”讲时，attend多作及物动词。助记多义：attendat-(ad-，向)tend(伸)原义“伸向”：心向着某人或某事为“注意；照顾”；脚步向着某一地方为“出席；参加”。搭配attend to处理(生意或个人事务)；接待(顾客) 易混辨析join/attend/join in/take part in词语辨析join指加入某个组织或团体，如军队、团队、政党等attend指参加会议或仪式，如参加婚礼、葬礼、典礼，或上课、上学、听报告等join in侧重指与某人一起做某事，有join sb in sth和join in sth两种结构take part in指参加有组织的活动等，并起重要作用(1)I decided to join the army.我决定参军。(2)I attended the meeting，but didnt join in/take part in the discussion.我出席了会议，但没有参加讨论。 即学即练选词填空：attend/join/take part in/join in。My father was pelled to_ a revolutionary organization in 1938.Well _ social activities during the summer vacation.He will _ an important meeting tomorrow.Why didnt you _ the talk?完成句子。Will you _ for a while while Im away?我要出去一会儿，你能不能帮我照看一下店铺？He told me that he had an important party _ that night.他告诉我那天晚上他有个重要宴会要参加。答案：jointake part inattendjoin inattend to my shopto attend5expose vt.暴露；显露；揭露；使曝光；使遭受(危险等)；使接触到(教材原句P2)But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.但当他一想到要帮助那些得了霍乱的普通百姓时，就感到很受鼓舞。 归纳拓展搭配Dont expose babies to strong sunlight.不要让婴儿受到强烈阳光的照射。 即学即练用expose的适当形式填空或完成句子。She has the courage _ herself to danger.The student _ to English for about six years.It is unwise _ by trying to perform music that is too difficult for you.演奏对自己来说太难的乐曲而使自己难堪是不明智的。They consider it almost a crime _ violence and sex on TV.他们认为让儿童接触暴力和色情电视节目几乎是一种犯罪行为。答案：to exposehas been exposedto expose yourselfto expose children to6every time用作连词，引导时间状语从句。意为“每次就”，与each time相同(教材原句P2)So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.每次爆发霍乱时就有成千上万惊恐的人病死。 归纳拓展在every/each time等引导的时间状语从句中，如果主句用将来时态，从句则用一般现在时表示将来。可充当连词的名词词组：the瞬间名词(minute，moment，instant)the序数词time不定代词(each，every，any)timetheday(week，month，year) 即学即练完成句子。Do not give a dog bread _ he wags his tail.不要有求必应。I found myself in an entirely new world _ I arrived here.我一到这里就感到耳目一新。He came out of the classroom _一下课他就离开了教室。_，please close the door.下次进来的时候，请把门关上。I thought her nice and honest _我第一次见到她就认为她是一个诚实的好人。答案：every time/each timethe moment/the minutethe moment the class was overNext/The next time you e inthe first time I saw her注意：immediately，the moment，directly等与 every time一样，都可以用作连词引导时间状语从句，意为 “一就”。如：(1)I will give the letter to him immediately I see him.我一见到他就把这封信给他。(2)I came directly I got your letter.我一接到你的信就来了。7suggest v暗示，表明；提议，建议(教材原句P2)The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air.第一种看法是霍乱病毒在空气中繁殖。(教材原句P3).John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined.约翰斯诺建议所有水源都要经过检测。句式分析句中suggest表示“表明，暗示，显示”，其后的从句用的是陈述语气；句中suggest表示“建议”，其后的从句用的是虚拟语气，即从句谓语动词用“shoulddo”，should可以省略。Janes pale face suggested that she was ill，and her parents suggested that she(should)have a medical examination.简苍白的脸色表明她生病了，她父母建议她做一下医学检查。 归纳拓展某些表示“建议，命令，要求”的动词后面接宾语从句时，从句要用虚拟语气，从句中的谓语动词用“should动词原形”，should可以省略。这类动词主要有：一个“坚持”(insist)；两道“命令”(order，mand)；三条“建议”(suggest，advise，remend)；四点“要求”(demand，desire，request，require)。 即学即练单句语法填空或完成句子。My friend suggested that I _(build)up my confidence.All the evidence suggested that Tom _(be)to blame.He suggested to Tom that he _(struggle)to overe his shyness in public，and his expression suggested that he _(agree)My mother ordered that I not _(expose)my little sister to strong sunlight.The evidence suggests single fathers _这一证据显示，单身父亲比单身母亲更有可能去工作。The teacher suggested the boy _老师建议这个男孩应该勇敢地接受挑战。答案：(should)buildwas(should)struggleagreedexposeare more likely to work than single mothersshould take up a challenge bravely8have/get sth done是“have/get宾语宾语补足语”结构，意为“让某事被做，遭遇某事”，做事的主体是“别人”而非主语“自己”(教材原句P3)A woman，who had moved away from Broad Street，liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.有一位妇女是从宽街搬过来的，她特别喜欢那里的水，每天都派人从水泵打水运到家里来。 归纳拓展(1)have sb do sth使某人做某事(do sth作宾补，sb与do为主动关系，相当于make/let sb do sth，get sb to do sth)The teacher had him mend the broken door.老师让他修理坏了的门。(2)have sb doing sth常用在否定句中，特别是用在will not，can not等之后，表示“不能容忍某事发生”(doing sth作宾补，sb与do之间为主动关系)The teacher cant have students whispering in class.这位老师不能容忍学生在课堂上窃窃私语。(3)have.to do有时间(精力/能力/机会等)做某事(have在该结构中并非使役动词，而是“有”的意思)Do you have time to e here tonight?今晚你有时间来这里吗？ 即学即练单句语法填空或完成句子。My father has a farm and has two men _(work)for him.Claire had her luggage _(check)an hour before her plane left.I wont have you _(cheat)the customers.I have some personal affairs _(deal)with these days.I will _ next month.下个月我要装修新房子。She _ all her jewellery _她所有的首饰都被偷了。答案：work/to workcheckedcheatingto dealhave my new house decoratedhadstolen应用落实.单句改错每句中有1处错误，找出并加以改正。1Many of the problems remain unsettling._2The man dressing in a blue jacket at the party was a doctor._3The man seating in the chair asked me to sit._4Many things were considered impossible in the past are mon today._5Most of the people inviting to the party were scientists._6All the people present accepted the suggestion was put forward by the chairman._答案：1.unsettling改为unsettled2.dressing改为dressed3.seating改为seated4.去掉were5.inviting改为invited6.去掉was或was前加that/which.单句语法填空在句中空白处填上适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。1He was suspected _ stealing the money.2I dont know who is _(blame)for the messy room.3He suggested I _(set)aside some time for exercise.4The Greens had their milk _(deliver)to the door every day.5Who is responsible _ this accident?6He was taken _ by the false advertisement.7The party came to _ end at midnight，which was _ great success.8He was strict _ his son and he was also strict _ his own work.9With her eyes _(fix)on the TV screen，she didnt noti