人教版必修3课时训练4-1

Unit 4 Section II 课时训练.单词拼写1This _(理论)is helpful to explain how the universe began.答案：theory2The big project has cost almost as much as one _(十亿)dollars.答案：billion3Two people have been killed in the _(暴力的)incident on March 2nd.答案：violent4Across the _(地球)，sea level varies by hundreds of feet.答案：globe5People suffering hunger still _(存在)in many parts of the world today.答案：exist.短语填空begin with，cool down，give birth to，in time，prevent.from1He finally cheered up when he realized he would arrive _ to catch the plane.答案：in time2The government has taken action to _ the disease _ spreading to other areas.答案：prevent；from3We should spend our birthdays honouring our mothers who _ us.答案：gave birth to4Our long friendship _ a chance meeting in the park.答案：began with5The days have _，the leaves have turned yellow，and the world is busy preparing herself for winter.答案：cooled down.单项填空1Youll succeed _ because you are always working hard.Aon timeBin timeCat times Dat the time解析：句意：因为你一直在努力工作，所以你早晚会成功的。on time“按时”；in time“及时；迟早”；at times“有时”；at the time“当时”。答案：B2I advise you to give up smoking for it is _ to your health.Aharm BharmlessCharmful Dharmfully解析：句意：我建议你戒烟，因为吸烟对你的身体有害。be harmful to“对有害”。答案：C3It is possible to _ bacteria and other living things in the laboratory.Amultiply BrequestCreply Dfound解析：句意：在实验室能够繁殖细菌和其他生物。multiply“繁殖”，符合句意。request“请求”；reply“回答”；found“建立”。答案：A4We usually take turns _ cleaning，and today it is my turn _ it.Ato do；doing Bdo；doCdone；doing Dto do；to do解析：take turns to do sth.“轮流做某事”；it is ones turn to do sth.“轮到某人做某事了”。答案：D5The _ expression on his face suggested that he was not able to work out the _ problem.Apuzzling；puzzling Bpuzzled；puzzledCpuzzling；puzzled Dpuzzled；puzzling解析：句意：他脸上迷惑的表情表明他解不出这个令人困惑的问题。外界事物引起表情变化应用puzzled；修饰problem应用puzzling。答案：D6The fact that she was foreign made _ difficult for her to get a job in that country.Aso BmuchCthat Dit解析：句意：她是外国人这个事实使她很难在那个国家找到工作。it是形式主语，真正的主语是to get a job in that country。答案：D7She _ down her book and _ in bed.Alay；laid Blaid；layClay；lay Dlaid；laid解析：句意：她放下了书，在床上躺下了。lay“放置”，过去式是laid；lie“躺下”，过去式是lay。答案：B8We suggest that they provide an effective warning system to _ many of the disasters _.Akeep；happeningBprevent；from happeningCstop；from being happenedDprevent；from being happened解析：句意：我们建议他们提供有效的预警系统来阻止很多灾难的发生。“prevent.from doing.”“阻止做”；“keep.doing.”“使一直做”；“happen”“发生”，无被动用法。故B项正确。答案：B9Its _ John to be late；hes usually on time.Aunlike BlikeCunlikely Dlikely解析：句意：约翰不像是会迟到的人，他通常都很准时。unlike此处用作介词，意为“不像；非的特征”，符合句意。unlikely为形容词，意为“不可能的”；likely为形容词，意为“可能的”；like作介词或动词，意为“像；喜欢”。答案：A10More and more young adults are remaining single and this is bringing about a _ change in the education of young people.Aviolent BtraditionalCreliable Dinspiring解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：越来越多的年轻人保持单身，这导致了对年轻人教育的剧烈变化。violent“猛烈的；激烈的；暴力的”；traditional“传统的”；reliable“可信赖的；可依靠的”；inspiring“鼓舞人心的”。故选A项。答案：A11His wife gave _ birth to a lovely baby and he planned to hold _ party to celebrate it.Aa；a B；aC；the Dthe；a解析：give birth to“产生，分娩”；为固定短语；“举行一个聚会来庆祝”，为泛指；故B项正确。答案：B12In many parts of China，there still _ the idea that boys are more important than girls.Aexistence BexistedCis existing Dexists解析：“there exists.”“在/存在”。由“still”一词可知，此处最佳时态应为一般现在时。答案：D13All people，_ they are old or young，rich or poor，have been trying their best to help those in need since the disaster.Aeven if BwhetherCno matter Dhowever解析：句意：自这次灾难以来，所有的人，不管他们是年老的还是年轻的，富有的还是贫穷的，都在尽自己最大的努力去帮助那些需要帮助的人。whether.or.是固定搭配，意为“无论是还是；不管是还是”。答案：B14It was _ difficult a question that _ people could answer it.Aso；few Bso；a fewCsuch；few Dsuch；a few解析：考查so与such的区别。句意：这个问题非常难以至于几乎没人能回答出来。so后面往往跟形容词，构成结构：soadj.冠词n.；而such修饰名词，构成结构：such冠词adj.n.。一个非常难的问题应为：so difficult a question或such a difficult question。第二个空应选择表示否定的few。故选A项。答案：A15The bank was equipped with new alarm _.We can say its safe and reliable completely.Asystem BwayCorder Dclock解析：句意：银行安装了新的报警系统。我们可以说这家银行是非常安全和可信的。system“系统；体系；制度”。故选A项。答案：A.完形填空How big is space？That is a question man has been asking since the beginning of time.When your grandparents were in school，it was _1_ that the universe was very _2_ perhaps only 5,000 light years _3_.500 years ago people considered that the universe was only a little bit _4_ than the earth.In modern times with the _5_ of technology we are finally starting to _6_ the immense(无边的)size of the universe，and it is much bigger than anyone _7_ have ever imagined.Scientists cannot stretch(伸展)a measuring tape from the earth to a nearby star，so _8_ do they know how far away they are？Scientists use something _9_ parallax(视差)Parallax means _10_ that they look at how much the stars move in the sky _11_ throughout the year as the earth circles the sun.This is not something _12_ to you.In fact if you stretch out your hand in front of you and _13_ your thumb，while _14_ one eye，and then the other，your thumb will _15_ to move back and forth.Stars do the _16_ thing，but our eyes are too close to see the _17_.However，if we take a picture while on one side of the earths orbit，and then take another when we get to the _18_ side of the orbit，then we have a large enough _19_ that we can see the starsparallax，and _20_ how far away they really are.1A.measured Bbet Cthought Dproved解析：根据上下文知，这里表达的是在祖父母上学时人们以为宇宙有多大，不是客观事实，所以不能用measured/proved，也不是打赌。答案：C2A.old Bbig Cmysterious Dsmall解析：从后面的only可以看出，在当时大家都认为宇宙只有5,000光年那么大，即人们以为宇宙比较“小”。答案：D3A.over Bacross Cthrough Doutside解析：across此处意为“from one side to the other”。over指“在的上方”；through指“从中间穿过”；outside意为“在外面”。答案：B4A.bigger Bsmaller Cheavier Dnearer解析：这里讨论的话题是宇宙有多大，所以不是轻重远近的问题。500年以前人们以为宇宙仅仅比地球大一点。答案：A5A.popularity Bpower Cenergy Dstrength解析：the power of the technology意为“科技的力量”；popularity意为“普及；流行”；energy意为“能力；精力；活力；能源”；strength通常指“(具体的)力气、力量”。答案：B6A.understand Bcontrol Cimagine Dfeel解析：在科技的帮助下人们开始理解宇宙到底有多大。understand意为“掌握；领会；理解”；control意为“控制”；imagine意为“想象”；feel意为“感觉”。答案：A7A.would Bshould Ccould Dmight解析：宇宙比人们以前所想象的要大得多。答案：C8A.what Bwhy Chow Dwhen解析：下文讲了科学家测量天体之间距离的方法，所以用how。答案：C9A.honored Bcalled Cconsidered Dbelieved解析：科学家用了一种叫作“视差”的方法，所以用called。答案：B10A.actually Bexactly Cgenerally Dsimply解析：视差就是由决定新视线的观察位置的变化引起的物体方向的明显变化。simply意为“仅仅；简单”；actually意为“实际上；事实上”；exactly意为“确切地”；generally意为“一般；通常”。故simply符合语境。答案：D11A.in and out Bback and forth Csooner or later Dup and down解析：根据10题后可知选B。back and forth意为“来回移动”；in and out意为“进进出出”；sooner or later意为“迟早”；up and down意为“上上下下”。答案：B12A.unacceptable Bunfamiliar Cunbelievable Dunnatural解析：根据下文所举的例子，人们对这一现象并不陌生。unacceptable意为“无法接受的；不受欢迎的”；unfamiliar意为“不熟悉的”；unbelievable意为“难以置信的”；unnatural意为“不自然的”。答案：B13A.look at Bshake Cglare at Dnotice解析：把手伸到前面并看你的大拇指。shake意为“摇动”；glare at意为“怒视”；notice意为“注意到”。根据句意，这里仅仅是普通的“看”。答案：A14A.covering Bopening Ccontrolling Dhiding解析：这里指先遮住一只眼睛，会看见拇指在一个位置；然后换另一只，拇指又处于另一位置。cover有“遮住，覆盖”的意思。答案：A15A.continue Bhappen Cstop Dappear解析：continue to move指“继续移动”；happen to move指“碰巧在移动”；stop to move指“停下来然后移动”。这里指人的一种感觉，大拇指会显得来回移动。答案：D16A.common Bdifferent Cstrange Dsame解析：举例就是为了说明视差是如何产生的，所以这里归到主题，说明可以采用同一种方式去测量。答案：D17A.result Beffect Cdifference Dsimilarity解析：眼睛之间的距离太近，被观察的物体太远，就很难发现差别。result意为“结果”；effect意为“效果；影响”；similarity意为“相似性”。答案：C18A.suitable Bsame Copposite Dcorrect解析：在与轨道相反的一侧拍照。答案：C19A.distance Blength Cheight Dwidth解析：有足够的距离观察天体的视差。答案：A20A.realize Bdetermine Crecognize Ddesign解析：测定天体之间到底有多远。realize意为“意识到；实现”；determine意为“决定；决心；测定”；recognize意为“辨认出；承认”；design意为“计划，筹划”。答案：B.阅读理解Satellites are an important part of our ordinary lives.For example，the information for weather forecasts is sent by satellite.Some satellites have cameras which take photographs of the Earth to show how clouds are moving.Satellites are also used to connect our international phone calls.Computer connections of the World Wide Web and Internet also use satellites.Many of our TV programs come to US through satellites.Airplane pilots also sometimes use a satellite to help them find their exact location.We use satellites to send television pictures from one part of the world to another.They are usually 35,880 kilometers above the equator.Sometimes we can see a satellite in the sky and it seems to stay in the same place.This is because it is moving around the world at 11,000 kilometers an hourexactly the same speed that the earth rotates.A satellite must orbit the Earth with its antennae(天线)facing the earth.Sometimes，it moves away from its orbit，So there are little rockets on it which are used to put the satellite back in the right position.This usually happens about every five or six days.Space is not empty！Every week，more and more satellites are sent into space to orbit the Earth.A satellite usually works for about 1012 years.Satellites which are broken are sometimes repaired by astronauts or sometimes brought back to Earth to be repaired.Often，very old or broken satellites are left in space to orbit the Earth for a very long time.This is very serious because some satellites use nuclear power and they can crash into each other.1Which of the following is NOT done by satellites according to the passage?ASending information for weather forecast.BTaking photographs of the Earth.CSending TV pictures.DProviding food for airplane pilots.解析：从第一段可知，A、B两项的内容都是卫星的功能，从第三段可知，卫星还可以发送电视画面，而D项内容文中并未提及。答案：D2Whats the speed the earth rotates at?A35,880 kilometers per hour.B335,880 kilometers per hour.C11,000 kilometers per hour.D110,000 kilometers per hour. 解析：从第三段的“This is because it is moving around the world at 11.000 kilometers an hour-exactly the same speed that the earth rotates”可知C项为正确答案. 答案：C 3. What does the underlined wordIhisin the 3rd paragraph refer to? A. Asatellite B. A little rocket C. A satellite seems to stay in the same place in the sky D. The satellite puts the rockets in the right position 解析：土一句话的意思是:有时候我们看到天空中的卫星好像待在同一个地方，这是因为故本题答案为C项. 答案：C 10