人教高中英语选修7-Unit 1~2课时练习及解析

人教版高中英语 选修七 Unit 12 课时练习.单项填空1Do you think camping and climbing is of much _ to our health?AbenefitBbeneficialCbenefits Dbenefiting解析：benefit可作名词和动词，beneficial是形容词，be beneficial to相当于be of(much) benefit，意为“对有好处”。答案：A2One of the best measures to decrease the rate of accidents is to educate people to _ the traffic rules.Adesire BobeyCrid Dconduct解析：句意：将发生交通事故的几率降低的最有效的措施之一就是教育人们遵守交通规则。obey在此意为“遵守(法律、规则等)”。desire“希望得到，想要”。rid“摆脱，去除”；conduct“指挥，管理，主持。”答案：B3We ran all the way to the cinema，arriving there quite out of _.Amind BbreathCsight Dreach解析：句意：我们一路跑到电影院，到达那里时已经上气不接下气(out of breath)了。out of mind“心不在焉”；out of sight“看不见”；out of reach“够不到”。答案：B4The teacher allowed us 5 minutes to _ the text through to get a general idea of the whole passage.Adiscuss BadaptCpile Dscan解析：句意：老师给了我们5分钟时间来浏览全文，掌握其大意。discuss“讨论”；adapt“修改，改编”；pile“罗列，堆积”；scan“浏览”。根据句意D项正确。答案：D5Distance learning is being _ in several countries to help children in remote rural schools obtain better education.Aattended BadoptedCadapted Dadmitted解析：根据句意判断应选B项。句意：在有些国家远程学习正在被采用以帮助偏远乡村学校的孩子们获得更好的教育。答案：B6The boy was reported to _ since the earthquake hit the area.Ahave been lost Bhave got lostCbe lost Dget lost解析：句意：有消息报道这个男孩自地震发生后就失踪了。因为有since.，故需用动词不定式的完成形式，而get lost表示短暂的动作，不能与延续性时间状语连用，故选A项。答案：A7No matter what difficulty you will _，carry out your plan.Ameet with Bget acrossCagree with Dset aside解析：句意：不管你遇到什么困难，都要执行计划。meet with意为“遇到，经历”。get across“被理解”；agree with“同意”；set aside“将放在一边，留出”。答案：A8The students do hope to _ by the teachers comments on their compositions.Aprofit BjudgeCstand Ddrop解析：句意：学生们真心希望能从老师对他们的作文的评语中受益。profit by意为“从中得益，从中得到好处”。judge by“根据来判断，从来看”；stand by“站在一边，支持”。答案：A9Youve kept me running off my feet.Im too busy!Youre not paid _ doing nothing.Asitting around Bsat aroundCto have sat around Dto sit around解析：句意：你让我马不停蹄。我太忙了！花钱雇你来可不是让你光坐着不干活的！to sit around是动词不定式作状语，意为“闲坐着”。答案：D10I take this seriously.Its a(n) _ of principle.Aaffair BmatterCevent Dbusiness解析：句意：我对此很认真。这是原则问题。a matter of.意为“关于的问题”。affair“事情，公共或政治事务”；event“重大事件，(比赛)项目”；business“商业事务，分内事，公务”。答案：B11Here comes the bus，and I have to go now.Goodbye，and _！Ano hurry Ball the bestCtake your time Dno way解析：all the best常用于告别或祝酒等场合，意为“(祝你)一切顺利”。答案：B12_，all the students passed the entrance examination.AMuch to the teachers satisfactionBTo the teachers much satisfactionCMuch to the teachers satisfactoryDTo the teachers great satisfactory解析：to ones satisfaction“使某人满意的是”。to为介词，而satisfactory为形容词，故排除C、D两项。much to ones satisfactionto ones great satisfaction。答案：A13He liked Lu Xuns works so much that he _ his own work and translated it into English.Agave off Bturned downCtook over Dset aside解析：本题考查动词短语在具体语境中的应用。give off“发出，放出(光、热、气体等)”；turn down“拒绝，调低(声音)”；take over“接管，接任”；set aside“置于一边，留作用，对某事置之不理”。由句意可知，应选D项。答案：D14Out of _ for the homeless children，he gave them shelter for the night.Apity BshameCsympathy Dmercy解析：句意：出于对无家可归的孩子们的同情，他给他们提供了住处。out of sympathy for是固定短语，意为“出于对的同情”，符合句意。pity“怜悯，惋惜”；shame“可惜，羞愧”；mercy“仁慈”。A、B、D三项皆不符合句意，故选C项。答案：C15(2012年安徽联考)In part of China，some people still have difficulty gaining _ to social services.Aapproach BhelpCaccess Dbenefit解析：句意：在中国的部分地区，一些人仍难以得到社会服务。gain access to表示“得到的权利或方法”。答案：C.阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中选出最佳选项。A(2012年南京市高三模拟)Environmentalists said our planet was doomed to die.Now one man says they are wrong.“Everyone knows the planet is in bad shape，”thundered a magazine article last year.Species(物种) are being driven to die out at record rates，and the rivers are so poisonous that fish are floating on the surface，dead.But theres a growing belief that what everyone takes for granted is wrong：things are actually getting better.A new book is about to overturn our most basic assumptions about the worlds environment.Rivers，seas，rain and the atmosphere are all getting cleaner.The total amount of forests in the world is not declining.The Skeptical Environmentalist by Bjorn Lomborg，professor of statistics at the University of Aarhus in Denmark，is an attack on the misleading claims of environmental groups，and the “bad news” culture that makes people believe everything is getting worse.Now the attacks are increasingly coming from leftwing environmentalists such as Lomborg，a former member of Greenpeace.The accusation is that，although the environment is improving，green groupswith profits of hundreds of millions of pounds a yearare using scare tactics(谋略) to gain donations.Lomborgs book doesnt deny global warmingprobably the biggest environmental threatbut destroys almost every other environmental claim with many official statistics.The Worldwatch Institute claims that “deforestation has been accelerating over the last 30 years”But Lomborg says that is simply rubbish.Since the dawn of agriculture the world has lost about 20 per cent of its forest cover，but in recent decades the forest areas depleting has come to a stop.According to UN figures，the area of forests has remained almost steady，at about 30 per cent of total land area，since the 1940s.Forests in countries such as the US，the UK and Canada have actually been expanding over the past 40 years.Despite all the warnings the Amazon rainforest has only shrunk(缩小) by about 15 per cent.Nor are all our species dying out.Some campaigners claim that 50 per cent of all species will have died out within 50 years.But other studies show only 0.08 per cent of species are dying out each year.Conservation efforts have been successful.Whales are no longer threatened and the bald eagle is off the endangered list.Environmental groups claim that many of the improvements are the results of the success of their campaigns.Stephen Tindale，director of Greenpeace UK，said，“There are important examples，such as acid rain and ozone，where things arent as bad as predicted，and thats because behavior has changed.”【语篇解读】“环境一直在变坏，我们的星球末日将要来临”，这是环保主义者们发出的警告，然而Lomborg的新书却提出了完全相反的观点，他批驳了环保主义者们耸人听闻的言论。16In his book，The Skeptical Environmentalist，what is Lomborgs main argument?AOur planet is in bad shape.BThe worlds environment is improving.CThe total amount of forests in the world is not declining.DConservation efforts have been successful.解析：考查细节理解。根据文章第一段与第三段可知Lomborg在The Skeptical Environmentalist中的观点(argument)是环境状况正在改善，因此选项B正确，C项只是他观点的一部分，不全面，故排除。答案：B17What is Lomborgs main accusation of environmentalists?AThey scared people into making donations.BThey overturned our basic assumptions about the worlds environment.CThey changed their behavior toward the environment.DThey only told people bad news about the environment.解析：考查细节理解。根据文章第四段中的第二句话可知Lomborg指责环保主义者们利用恐吓手段让人们捐款。答案：A18The underlined word “depleting” in Paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to “_”Areducing BlimitingCexpanding Daccelerating解析：考查猜测词义。第五段Lomborg通过一些数据反驳了The Worldwatch Institute的观点“deforestation has been acceleration over the last 30 years”，Lomborg认为在最近几十年里，森林面积的缩小已经停止，因此选择reducing。答案：A19According to the passage，which of the following statements is true?AThe total area of forests in the world has increased significantly.BThe effects of global warming are not as bad as first expected.CIt appears that the bald eagle will survive.DIn the last 50 years the number of whales has increased.解析：考查细节判断。根据文章倒数第二段中的“Whales are no longer threatened and the bald eagle is off the endangered list”可知秃鹰已经不属于濒危的物种了，由此可知C项正确。答案：CBWe may all have had the embarrassing moment：Getting halfway through a story only to realize that weve told this exact tale before，to the person were boring with it now.Why do we make such memory mistakes?According to a research published in Psychological Science，it may have to do with the way our brains process different types of memory.Researchers Nigel Gopie，of the Rotman Research Institute in Toronto，and Colin Macleod，of the University of Waterloo，divided memory into two kinds.The first was source memory，or the ability to keep track of where information is coming from.The second was destination memory，or the ability to recall who we have given information to.They found that source memory functions better than destination memory，in part because of the direction in which that information is travelling.To study the differences between source and destination memory，the researchers did an experiment on 60 university students，according to a New York Times report.The students were asked to associate 50 random(随意的) facts with the faces of 50 famous people.Half of the students “told” each fact to one of the faces，reading it aloud when the celebritys picture appeared on a computer screen.The other half read each fact silently and saw a different celebrity picture afterward.When later asked to recall which facts went with which faces，the students who were giving information out (destination memory) scored about 16 percent lower on memory performance compared with the students receiving information(source memory)The researchers concluded that outgoing information was less associated with its environmental context(背景)that is，the personthan was incoming information.This makes sense given what is known about attention.A person who is giving information，even little facts，will devote some mental resources to thinking about what is being said.Because our attention is finite(有限的)，we give less attention to the person we are giving information to.After a second experiment with another group of 40 students，the researchers concluded that selffocus is another factor that undermines destination memory.They asked half the students to continue giving out random information，while the other told things about themselves.This time around，those who were talking about themselves did 15 percent worse than those giving random information.“When you start telling these personal facts compared with nonself facts，suddenly destination memory goes down more，suggesting that it is the selffocus component(成分) thats reducing the memory，”Gopie told Live Science.【语篇解读】很多时候我们会面临这样的尴尬局面：一个故事讲到半截，结果却发现，这个故事已经对面前听故事的人讲过了。为什么我们会犯这样的记忆错误呢？20The point of this article is to _.Agive advice on how to improve memoryBsay what causes the memory to worsenCexplain why we repeat stories to the same personDintroduce different kinds of memories解析：主旨大意题。文章开头一段引出要讨论的话题：一个故事讲到半截，结果却发现，这个故事已经对面前听故事的人讲过了。为什么我们会犯这样的记忆错误呢？接下来分析了产生这种现象的原因，答案选C。答案：C21Those who read each fact silently and saw a different celebrity picture afterward _.Acan memorize more informationBhave worse memoryCare more likely to repeat storiesDpaid more attention to themselves解析：推理判断题。根据文章第六段内容可知，大声读出信息的学生们的得分要比静静地读每段事实并且看着不同的名人照片的学生要低，可知A项正确。答案：A22The person who is giving information _.Amay receive little factsBfocuses more on what he is sayingChas finite attentionDpays much attention to his own behavior解析：细节理解题。根据文章倒数第四段中A person who is giving information，even little facts，will devote some mental resources to thinking about what is being said.可知。答案：B23The underlined word “undermines” probably means _.Aweakens BbenefitsCexplains Dsupports解析：词义猜测题。研究者们通过第一个实验发现，给予信息的人要分出一部分脑资源来考虑要说的内容，但是由于我们的注意力有限，因此对于信息所去的目的地就不太注意了，也就是说，注意力是目标记忆比来源记忆功能差的原因，在接下来的第二个实验中，研究者们又发现了另一个削弱目标记忆功能的因素，可知undermines的意思与A项相同。答案：A24What did the scientists conclude from the second experiment?ADestination memory is weaker than source memory.BFocusing attention on oneself leads to relatively poor source memory performance.CAssociating personal experience with information helps people memorize better.DSelffocus is responsible for giving information twice or more to the same person.解析：细节理解题。根据最后一句的内容可知，自我关注因素降低了记忆的功能。答案：D9