2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习 题型技法指导专题二 语法填空.doc

2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习 题型技法指导专题二 语法填空真题试做（xx广东高考）Mary will never forget the first time she saw him.He suddenly appeared in class one day，_1_（wear）sun glasses.He walked in as if he _2_（buy）the school.And the word quickly got around that he was from New York City.For some reason he sat beside Mary.Mary felt _3_ （please），because there were many empty seats in the room.But she quickly realized that it wasnt her，it was probably the fact that she sat in _4_ last row._5_ he thought he could escape attention by sitting at the back，he was wrong.It might have made it a little _6_（hard）for everybody because it meant they had to turn around，but that didnt stop the kids in the class.Of course whenever they turned to look at him，they had to look at Mary，_7_made her feel like a star.“Do you need those glasses for medical reasons？” the teacher asked.The new boy shook his head.“Then Id appreciate it if you didnt wear them in class.I like to look at your eyes when Im speaking to you.” The new boy looked at the teacher _8_ a few seconds and all the other students wondered _9_ the boy would do.Then he took _10_ off，gave a big smile and said “Thats cool.”考向分析语法填空命题特点：1短文长度为150200词之间，其中xx年高考题为234词。2命题形式：（1）纯空格题，一般设67题，要求考生根据语境在空格处填入适当的词。主要考查代词、冠词、连词和介词。（2）提供单词原形：一般设34题，主要提供的是动词、形容词、名词三大类，要求考生根据语境写出正确的词形。3考查语法范围：从考试说明和近几年的高考题来看，试题主要涉及时态、语态、非谓语动词、代词、冠词、连词、介词等语法知识的正确运用。答题步骤一、通读全文，了解主旨大意语法填空题以语篇的形式考查英语语法知识的综合运用，所以认真阅读试题，弄清文章叙述线索、主旨大意、主要情节和作者写作目的非常重要，因为只有对整篇文章理解准确才可能将每个空格处的单词填写正确。做本题切忌急于求成，看一句填一句，而应先通读全文，了解文章大意。二、尝试填空，解决较易空格在把握主题的基础上，了解空格处在文中的逻辑关系，界定空格处的语法功能和作用，确定所填词的词性，然后根据上下文确定它的意义，最后落实到具体的一个词语上去。这样环环相扣，步步为营，稳步推进，达到缩小选择范围的目的。如：We go to school，above all，_（learn）how to learn，so that when we leave school we can continue to learn.解题指导：learn为动词，主句中已有谓语动词go，可以排除考查时态的可能性，确定是考查非谓语动词。从句子结构看空格处应当作目的状语，在非谓语动词中能作目的状语的只有不定式，故答案为to learn。答案：to learn三、再读检查，修正错误做完题后，应该静下心来，仔细复读全文，检查自己所填的词语是否符合原意，从语意贯通、逻辑合理的角度，认真复查答案的合理性和正确性，尤其注意动词、连词、介词的搭配以及名词的形式等。规律方法一、纯空格题解题技巧纯空格题没有英语单词提示，也没有中文提示，这是最难的一种形式，也是考得最多的一种形式，如在xx年高考中占了10个题目中的6个。这种形式的题目需要考生根据对短文整体逻辑关系的把握及生活常识等确定空格处在句中的功能，界定词性，进而确定它的意义，最后确定它的形式。1根据句子成分判断词性在填这类空格时，可以根据句子的结构和所填词的句法功能，判断是用形容词还是副词，是用动词还是名词等。如修饰名词，前面通常用冠词、形容词或名词；如修饰动词和整个句子，通常用副词；如作谓语，应用动词；如作主语或宾语，通常用名词、代词；系动词后面常用形容词，而不用副词等。如：【例1】He looked _ at the children.（根据上下文语境可知表示“生气”。）【例2】He looked _ at the news on the radio.（根据上下文语境可知表示“生气”。）解题指导：第一句的looked为实义动词，后接副词，答案为angrily。第二句的“at the news”相当于“on hearing the news”，looked为系动词，后接形容词，答案为angry。答案：1angrily2angry2根据句子类型判断词类我们都知道，若两个或几个简单句之间是逗号，可以判断，一定是填连词。连词有两类，一类是并列连词，一类是从属连词。我们可以根据句子的类型判断所要填的词类。（1）连接两个功能对等的单词或短语时，应填并列连词and，or，but等。（2）若两个句子（有两个主谓结构）之间，没有句号或分号，也没有连词，那空格处必定是填连接词，否则，句子结构就不完整。根据两句之间的意义和逻辑关系，或者根据句式结构，确定是并列句（多要求考生填and，but，while，when，or等）还是某种主从复合句。然后根据各类从句的特点，结合连接词的意义和用法，确定填具体的某个连词。【例1】（xx广东广州高考调研交流试题英语试卷）Long long ago，in a small and faraway village，there was a place known as the House of 1,000 Mirrors.A little happy dog learned of this place _ decided to visit it.解题指导：分析句子结构可知此空要填一个连词，有两个谓语learned和decided，且为先后关系，因此填连词and。答案：and【例2】（xx广东高考真题）Of course whenever they turned to look at him，they had to look at Mary，_ made her feel like a star.解题指导：逗号之前为一个句子，之后也有一个句子，分析结构可知需一个连接词引导非限制性定语从句，且修饰前面整个句子，因此填which。答案：which【例3】（xx广州一模）It got its name during the industrial revolution，_ factory pollution turned the local skies black and coal dust from the mines made the soil the same colour.解题指导：分析句子结构可知此空要填一个连接词，修饰先行词industrial revolution，引导非限制性定语从句，应用when。答案：when3根据固定搭配和常用句型确定答案固定搭配及习惯用法是属于比较简单的考点，只要平时注意积累基本上就能答对。【例题】（xx广东四校联考）Also we dont have to worry about our personal property.As is said，freedom is not something you are given，but something you have to fight _.解题指导：考查固定搭配。fight for.意为“为了而奋斗”。答案：for二、单词提示题解题技巧这种形式的题是指空格后有单词提示，主要考查实词词形变化和词性转换。1考查动词的时态和语态如果提示词是动词，又能判断出是作谓语时，首先应判断其时态和语态。【例题】（xx广东佛山二模）The organization _（found）in 1863，and was based on an idea by a Swiss businessman called Henry Dunant.解题指导：此句为and连词的并列句，且第一句无谓语，再考虑时态和语态，根据时间状语in 1863可知此处用一般过去时态的被动语态。答案：was founded2考查非谓语动词如果一个句子已有谓语动词，且不是并列谓语动词时，所给动词就要用非谓语形式，这时要根据此非谓语动词所作的句子成分使用恰当的形式。【例1】（xx广州二模）The part _（blame）is your diaphragm，the muscle at the bottom of your chest.解题指导：考查非谓语动词，句中已有is，此空填的词用作后置定语修饰名词part。答案：to blame【例2】（xx广州二模）The main finding of the 30country survey is that equality between men and women is vital to _ （improve）living standards and health，especially for children in developing countries.解题指导：考查非谓语动词，be vital to后面接动名词。答案：improving3考查词性转换和确定词性这是语法填空的必考点，如xx年便考查了形容词mental转换成副词mentally修饰形容词。做题时，考生应根据该词在句中所作的句子成分来确定用哪种形式。具体方法有：（1）作表语、定语或补语，通常用形容词形式。（2）作主语、在及物动词或介词后作宾语，用名词形式。（3）在冠词、形容词性物主代词后，或者在“冠词形容词”后，用名词形式。（4）修饰动词、形容词或副词作状语，用副词形式。（5）若是词义转换题，词类不用变，主要是考查具有与词根意义相反的派生词，需根据句子意思及前后逻辑关系，在词根前加un，im或在词根后加less等。【例1】（xx广州二模）And maybe the most famous _（treat），having someone scare you，also helps beat the hiccups.解题指导：空前the most famous为形容词最高级，故其后应用名词形式。答案：treatment【例2】（xx广东湛江一中5月模拟考试）At this point，the game is stopped for a few minutes and the coach gathers the team to discuss _17_（adjust）which are needed to get the players back on track and to perform more _18_（effect）.解题指导：第17题所给adjust为动词，此处应填名词adjustment，作动词discuss的宾语，也为后面定语从句的先行词；第18题所给词effect本身为名词，在句中修饰动词perform，因此应改为副词形式。答案：adjustment；effectively4形容词和副词的比较级此考点也是高考的常考点，比如xx年的广东高考试题语法填空题便考查了形容词sweet的比较级形式sweeter。复习的重点是比较级和最高级的基本用法和特殊句式，以及在形容词或副词前填less，least等构成的降级比较。【例题】（xx广东佛山顺德期末）They have a secret switch which makes the meters much _（fast）.解题指导：前面由much修饰，因此使用比较级。答案：faster误区警示1忽视语篇和语境Behind him were other people to _21_ he was trying to talk，but after some minutes _22_ walked away and sat near me，looking annoyed.错混透析：22they本题易误填he或者people。考生因为没有考虑到语境而弄不清此空要填什么人称代词。解题指导：由句子结构分析可知此处缺少主语，且谓语说明的是上文提到的other people，故要填人称代词主格they。做语法填空题时考生考虑上下文联系，不可忽视语篇和语境而只从语法角度考虑，因为语法填空题一大出题点是语言知识在具体篇章中的运用，更加强调语言的交际功能。2忽视语法，逻辑失误When Jane got home，with her small but wellchosen present in her bag，her parents were already _9_ table having supper.Her mother was excited.“Your father has at last decided to stop smoking，”Jane _10_ （inform）.错混透析：10.was informed考生易误填informed或is informed。解题指导：因Jane与inform是动宾关系，故用被动语态；又因为全文是一般过去时，故用一般过去时的被动语态。语法填空题另一大出题点是考查考生语法知识的掌握程度，因此解题时考生应凭借扎实的语法基本功熟练分析句子的结构，应具有较强的句法分析能力。3定式干扰，误入陷阱Besides，shopping at this time of the year was not _3_ pleasant experience：people stepped on your feet or _4_ （push）you with their elbows（肘部），hurrying ahead to get to a bargain.错混透析：3a考生可能误填定冠词the。考生易受experience表示“经验”时为不可数名词的干扰，认为此处不可能用不定冠词。解题指导：experience当意为“经历”时，是可数名词，a pleasant experience表示“一次愉快的经历”。4忽视固定搭配和常用句型The teacher replied，“You tasted the water.I tasted the gift.The water was simply the container for an act of kindness and love.Nothing could be _9_（sweet）.”错混透析：9.sweeter由于考生知识掌握不牢固，忘记了固定句型，可能会误填sweet或unsweet或sweety。解题指导：考查固定句型，用sweet的比较级和否定代词nothing搭配表示最高级的意义。在平时的备考中考生要善于积累，掌握一些重要的固定搭配和常用句型，并注意结合具体的语境加以融会贯通，以达到熟练掌握的目的。5审题不细导致失误Jane was walking round the department store.She remembered how difficult _1_ was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father.She wished that he was as easy _2_ （please）as her mother，who was always delighted with perfume.错混透析：1.it本题考生容易误填that。这是因为考生没有认真分析句子结构，没有看清所填的成分是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式。这是由于审题不细而导致的失误。解题指导：it在宾语从句中作形式主语，真正的主语是to choose.。考生在做语法填空题时应认真分析整个句子的结构，分析所填空格词的词性，以得出正确答案。6忽略标点It was a winter morning，just before Christmas，when most people were warming up their cars，my husband，Trevor，had to ride his bike 4 kilometers away from home to work.On his _1_（arrive），he parked his bike outside the back door _2_ usual.After 10 hours of labor，he returned to find his bike gone，_3_ was our only transport.错混透析：3.which此题考生易误填答案that。由于没有注意前面有逗号，认为引导定语从句也可以填连接词that。解题指导：which引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词his bike，且在从句中作主语。标点符号一直没有引起考生的重视，但标点符号的正确使用会帮助考生提高分析问题和解决问题的能力。因此考生应树立正确的标点符号认识观。一、基础题（一）（xx深圳二模）Have you ever lived abroad？When living overseas in a place where people speak a different language，_1_ can be difficult to make yourself understood even in _2_（relative）simple but important areas of life，like shopping and getting around town.It can be really upset trying to ask for something in a store or to tell the taxi driver _3_ you are going.Sometimes you may be at a _4_（lose）as to what to do；sometimes you are certain that people understand you _5_ are just pretending that they dont；and other times they make a very _6_（consider）effort to municate with you.You should also be prepared to make changes in the diet and get accustomed to _7_ local foods and the limited selection of familiar foods in the stores and restaurants.Besides，you will experience some stress and anxiety _8_ you are living in a different culture with different values _9_ your own.You may find that some of your cherished and deeply _10_（hold）values about life may not be equally important to members of your new host culture.（二）（xx广东汕头二模）One day a young man was standing in the middle of the town proclaiming（宣告）that he had the most beautiful heart in the whole valley.A large crowd _1_（gather），and they all admired his heart for it was perfect.Suddenly，an old man appeared and said，“Why，your heart is not nearly as beautiful as _2_.”The crowd and the young man looked at the old mans heart，which was full of scars.It had places where pieces had been removed and other _3_（piece）put in，but they didnt fit quite right，and there were several jagged（锯齿状的）edges.In fact，in some places there were deep gouges（沟槽）where whole pieces were _4_（miss）.The young man laughed.“paring your heart with mine，mine is perfect and yours is a mess of scars.”“Yes，” said the old man，“Yours looks perfect _5_ I would never trade with you.You see，every scar represents a person to _6_ I have given my love.I tear out a piece of my heart and give it to them，and often they give me a piece of their heart that fits into the empty place in my heart.But because the pieces arent exact，I have some rough edges，which I cherish，because they remind me of _7_ love we shared.Sometimes I have given pieces of my heart away，and the other person hasnt returned a piece of his or her heart _8_ me.These are the empty gouges.Although these gouges are painful，they stay open，_9_（remind）me of the love I have for those people.So now do you see _10_ true beauty is？”（三）（xx广东珠海第一中学高考模拟试题）Surveys show that although a man and a woman have the same level or handle the same position in an organization，the man would get a higher or bigger pensation package（薪酬）pared _1_ women.Because of this，many women just hold subordinate positions _2_（content）in finance，human resources，sales，manufacturing and other supportive roles.There are still _3_ barriers that prevent women from _4_（reach）their full potentials in the world of employment.Our culture does not encourage women to excel in government _5_ in businessrelated jobs.Women who are able to make it on top and handle leadership roles are sometimes regarded merely _6_ tokens（象征）.Their abilities and skills _7_（question）by their own peers，and sadly even by other women._8_ you are a woman who has the interest，ability and drive to pursue management careers，career counseling is of great help to give you direction and increase motivation to pursue your career goals._9_ will help you have the selfconfidence to get you in the same career opportunities open to men in this society _10_ men are preferred for top level positions.（四）（xx广东湛江一中高三5月份模拟考试）What Patricia Pania wanted to be was a mother and homemaker.But _1_ life was turned upside down when a motorist _2_（distract）by his cell phone，ran a stop sign and crashed into the side of her car.The impact killed her 2yearold daughter.Four months later，Pania reluctantly but _3_（courage）decided to try to educate the public and to fight _4_ laws to ban drivers from using cell phones _5_ a car is moving.In her first speech，Pania was visibly trembling and her voice was soft and uncertain.But as she got into her speech，a dramatic _6_（transform）took place.She stopped _7_（shake）and spoke with _8_ strong voice.For the rest of her talk，she was a forceful and pelling speaker.She wanted everyone in the audience to know _9_ she knew without having to learn it from a personal tragedy.Many in the audience were moved to tears and to action.In subsequent presentations，Pania gained reputation _10_ a highly effective speaker.（五）（xx广东珠海第二次高三英语模拟试题）Ma Wendi is used to curious glances _1_ she walks six dogs at the same time.They are not all hers._2_ 25yearold veterinary graduate is a fulltime dog walker.“I have to take care of twelve dogs at most，” said Ma.She charges 500 yuan a month per dog，and most customers leave their dogs at her house for a week.The _3_（busy）time is around the Spring Festival，because many people go back to their hometowns for family reunions _4_ go traveling.“_5_（pare）with people who have to be in their offices during the day，I dont have to get up early _6_（squeeze）into the subway carriages in the rush hour，and I still make a decent salary，”she said.“But its a tiring job.I have to work whenever there are dogs at home，and no time to enjoy _7_.Sometimes I want to go out for a meal or shopping，but I cant do so _8_ I worry about them，”she said.Ma knows _9_ the dogs names，and when she calls ones name，the dog instantly knows she _10_（refer）to it.（六）（xx广东汕头一模）My friend Vernon Davies kept birds.One day he phoned and told me he was going away for a week.He asked me to feed _1_ birds for him and said that he would leave the key _2_ his front door in my mailbox._3_（fortunate），I forgot all about the birds until the night before Vernon was going to return.What was worse，_4_ was already dark when I arrived at his house.I soon found that the key Vernon gave me could not unlock either the front door _5_ the back door.I was getting desperate.I kept thinking of _6_ Vernon would say when he came back.I was just going to give up _7_ I noticed that one bedroom window was slightly open.I found a barrel and pushed it under the window.As the barrel was very heavy，I made a lot of noise.But in the end，I managed to climb _8_ and open the window.I actually had one leg inside the bedroom when I suddenly realized that someone _9_（shine）a torch up at me.I looked down and saw a policeman and an old lady，one of Vernons neighbours.“What are you doing up there？” said the policeman._10_（feel）like a plete fool，I replied，“I was just going to feed Mr.Davies birds.”（七）（xx广东广州二模）Inequality between men and women results in poorer health for children and greater family poverty（贫穷），according to a new study.The UN agency chief found that，_1_ the situation has slightly improved，many women are still not included in family decisions，_2_ as a result their children are more likely to suffer from poor health.The main finding of the 30country survey is that equality between men and women is vital to _3_ （improve）living standards and health，especially for children in developing countries.The conclusions are contained in the agencys _4_ （late）report.This report points to a lack of opportunities for girls and women in education and work，which contributes _5_ their poverty and lack of power.Where men control the household，less money _6_ （spend）on healthcare and food，_7_ results in poorer health for children.An increase in _8_ （employ）opportunities for women would increase _9_ household power，the report said.For example，the agency found that whoever has more household ine decides _10_ or not it will be used for family needs.（八）（xx广东佛山普通高中高三教学质量检测（二）The International Red Cross and Red Crescent（弯月）Museum was opened in Geneva in 1988._1_ tells the story of men and women who，in the course of the major events of the last 150 years，have given assistance _2_ victims of wars and natural disasters.The organization _3_（found）in 1863，and was based on an idea by a Swiss businessman called Henry Dunant.He had witnessed too many _4_（die）and wounds at the Battle of Solferino in Italy four years _5_（early），in which 40,000 people were killed，wounded or missing.He had seen the lack of medical services and the great suffering of many of the wounded，_6_ simply died from lack of care.The International Red Cross/Red Crescent exists _7_（help）the victims of conflicts and disasters regardless of their nationality._8_ symbol of the organization was originally just the red cross.It has no religious significance；the founders _9_ the movement adopted it in honor of Switzerland.However，the original symbol，the red cross，could hurt Muslim soldiers feelings，_10_ a second symbol，the red crescent，was used.Both are now official symbols.（九）Once upon a time，in a small country，people decided to investigate what it was that parents really liked the most.A petition was organised.It would use the _1_（late）invention of Professor CrankShafte：the Gladometer（快乐测量仪）.To date，the Gladometer is the only contraption ever _2_（build）capable of measuring joy and happiness.So，one by one，the children presented _3_ own particular talents to their parents.And the Gladometer faithfully measured their parents reactions.One boy turned up _4_ a trained pig；the pig sang and danced.A girl came and played the violin like an angel._5_ intelligent boy came and read his very big book.The parents happiness was easy to see.Finally，a boy came to the Gladometer carrying _6_.Nor did he know how to do anything.When the organizers asked him what he was going to do，he _7_（simple）said，“I am very obedient（顺从的）.”The machine measured such a high reading _8_ it began violently shaking，and finally _9_（explode）.The boy who had done nothing won all the prizes that day，for solving the mystery of _10_ pleases parents the most.二、能力题（一）（xx广东茂名第二次高考模拟考试）I was feeling sad because my mother was out of job.It left me wondering _1_ was going to happen to us.I got off the college shuttle bus and started walking.Then I heard piano music and singing rising above the noise of the people and the traffic.I walked much_2_ （slow）so I could find out where it was ing _3_.Through the crowd I saw a young lady sitting at a piano with a carriage next to her.She was singing songs_4_ love and keeping on trying，and not underestimating（低估）the power within yourself.The way she was singing forted me a bit.I stood there _5_（watch）her play for about fifteen minutes，thinking that _6_ must take courage to perform on her own in the middle of a crowd.She must have felt my presence because she would occasionally look in my direction.By now I was telling _7_that if she could perform in front of hundreds of people _8_she didnt know，I could at least tell her how good she sounded.I walked over，_9_ （put）some money in her carriage and said，“Thank you.I have been going through a rough time lately，but youve made me _10_（hope）again.”（二）Walk into any main street book store in Britain and youll see posters of Jamie Oliver.Hes not a pop star _1_ a politician.Hes a chef who is changing the diets of a whole generation.Oliver has been _2_（great）attracted by food ever since he worked in _3_ fathers restaurant as a child.He showed not only _4_ cooking talent at a young age but also a huge interest _5_ creating fresh，honest and delicious food.Oliver _6_（appear）in cookery shows on TV，writes books and magazine articles and shows in cookware advertisements.His _7_（activity），based on the method of producing good，healthy food，have inspired everyone to get busy in the kitchen.Olivers TV program Jamies School Dinners brought the chefs popular influence to focus _8_