2019-2020年高考英语一轮复习 知识排查突破 book8 unit5 meeting your ancestors 新人教版.doc

2019-2020年高考英语一轮复习 知识排查突破 book8 unit5 meeting your ancestors 新人教版重点识记词汇1.cut up切碎2.date back追溯到3at most至多；最多 4.assume vt.假定；设想5fed up with受够了；饱受；厌烦 6.look ahead向前看；为将来打算7category n种类；类别；范畴 8.primitive adj.原始的；远古的；简陋的9somehow adv.以方式；不知怎么地 10.arrest vt.逮捕；吸引 n逮捕；拘留11alternative n可能的选择 adj.供选择的；其他的12spit vt.(spat，spat；spit，spit) 吐出(唾液、食物等) vi.吐痰13messy adj.凌乱的；脏的mess n凌乱；脏14accelerate vi.& vt.加速；促进acceleration n加速度15regardless adv.不管；不顾regardless of不管；不顾16interrupt v打断讲话；打岔；暂时中断或中止interruption n中断；干扰17identify vt.确认；识别；鉴别identification n辨认；鉴定18starvation n挨饿；饿死starve vi.挨饿；饿死19accuracy n精确；准确accurate adj.精确的inaccurate adj.不准确的20analysis n(pl.analyses)分析analyse vt.分析analyst n分析者，化验员21systematic adj.有系统的；有计划的；有条理的system n系统22significance n意义；意思；重要性；重要意义significant adj.重大的；意义重大的significantly adv.意义深远地；明显地23division n分割；划分；分配；分界线divide v分割；划分；分配24applaud vi.& vt.鼓掌欢迎；赞赏applause n鼓掌欢迎；欢呼25sharpen vi.& vt.(使)锋利；尖锐；清晰sharpener n磨具；削具sharp adj.锋利的26skill n技能，技巧skilful adj.有技巧的；熟练的 (skillful)skillfully adv.巧妙地；精巧地必背经典句式1.If only it could be just like last year! 要是能跟去年那样有多好呀！2It is a great pleasure to meet you students from England.见到你们这些来自英国的学生非常高兴3That would have kept them warm，cooked the food and scared wild beasts away as well.他们用火来取暖、做饭，还可以用火来吓跑野兽。4She had almost reached her destination when a delicious smell arrested her progress and she stopped.快到达目的地的时候，一阵香气扑鼻，她停下来，不往前走了。5.Abruptly she sat down，only to be scooped up by her laughing，shouting sister，Luna.她突然坐了下去，结果被她正又笑又嚷的妹妹鲁娜一把抱了起来。构词记忆poisonous /pIzns/ adj.1.有毒的2.有害的previous /privIs/ adj.先前的；以前的religious /rIlIds/ adj.1.宗教的；宗教上的2.笃信宗教的；虔诚的ridiculous /rIdIkjls/ adj.荒谬的；可笑的；滑稽的unconscious /nkns/ adj.1.失去知觉的；不省人事的2.不知道的；未发觉的3.无意识的；不知不觉的A语境填词1We must take measures to accelerate(加快)the rate of economic growth.2Theyve arrested(逮捕)almost everybody who is involved in the robbery.3If payment is not received within five days，legal action will be our only alternative(可能的选择)4Dont worry，well get the money back somehow(以某种方式)5The mayor applauded (称赞) the firemans bravery in his speech.6He is very systematic(有条理的) in all he does.7As the work tends to be a bit messy(脏的)，youll need to wear old clothes.8She took a mouthful of food and then suddenly spat(吐出)it out.9Its widely accepted that botany falls into the category(种类)of biology.10A primitive(原始的)way of making a fire is by rubbing two stones together.B用所给词的适当形式填空11His familys wealth is divided into four parts，but they dont think the division is fair.(divide)12She used to suffer from starvation but now she is starving herself to try to lose weight.(starve)13It was first assumed that he was the murderer，but later it turned out to be a false assumption.(assume)14In the past 30 years，the economy of China has developed significantly，which is of great significance to the world economy.(significant)15To be a skilled worker，you need to acquire some basic skills.(skilful)16Accurately speaking，this kind of sports requires players to bine speed and accuracy.(accurate)17At the meeting，Tom interrupted Jane with a question，but Jane carried on，totally ignoring his interruption.(interrupt)18The pencil was not sharp，so he sharpened it with a sharpener.(sharpen)19In the final analysis，I think we must try to analyse the causes of his many shallow and wrong analyses that he showed to the pupils.(analysis).短语运用A用方框内所给动词短语的适当形式填空20If only she had looked ahead and planned better!21The cook was cutting up the meat for making jiaozi.22My interest in stamp collecting dates back to my schooldays.23Her friend I referred to just now was arrested for fraud.24This double glazing(双层玻璃窗) keeps in the heat and keeps out the noise.25Mr.Bush should have been proud of our freedoms，not embarrassed by them.B用方框内所给短语填空26He says what he thinks，regardless of other peoples feelings.27We all sighed with relief when the plane finally touched down safely.28There were only 30 people at the meeting at most.29Im really fed up with this weatherwhy cant it be sunny for a change?.经典句式30If only the whole family could be united during the Spring Festival!今年春节全家能团圆就好了！31The man hurriedly returned home，only to find he had left his key in the office.这个人匆匆忙忙地回到家，结果发现他把钥匙落在办公室了。32Nowadays，it is very necessary to master a foreign language.如今，掌握一门外语很有必要。 33They would have been killed if the car had gone over the cliff at that moment.如果汽车当时翻到悬崖下，他们早就丧命了。34She had just finished her homework when her mother asked her to practice playing the piano yesterday.昨天她刚完成作业，她妈妈就让她练习弹钢琴。1 identify vt.确认；识别；鉴别identify sb./sth.as.确认某人identify.with.认为等同于be identical to/with和一模一样A uniformed driver identified me among the crowd.一个穿制服的司机在人群中认出了我。The reporters identified one of the six Americans as an Army Specialist.记者们认出6名美国人中有一位是陆军技术兵。夯实基础(1)语法填空She identified the man as her attacker.He used a fake name nearly identical to/with his own.(2)我的意见和他的相同。(一句多译)My opinion is identical with his.(identical)My opinion is the same as his.(same)2 alternative n.可供选择的事物(a thing that one can choose)；adj.可供替代的(that can be used instead of)；非传统的，另类的应试指导作为高级词汇替换choicean alternative to.的替代品have no alternative but to do sth.别无选择只好做某事There is no alternative.别无选择New ways to treat headache may provide an alternative to painkillers.头疼的新疗法可能是止痛药之外的另一种选择。Do you have an alternative solution to the problem?你有没有别的办法来解决这个问题？夯实基础(1)语法填空He had no alternative but to wait(wait)He did nothing but wait(wait)He had nothing to do but wait(wait)He had no choice but to wait(wait)(2)We can not choose but take immediate action to stop pollution.There is no alternative for us but to take immediate action to stop pollution.(用there is no alternative改写句子)3 regardless of不管；不顾多词一义regardless of，despite，in spite ofas regards关于；至于with/in regard to关于regard.as.把当作regarding prep.关于Regardless of what happens my claim is safe and secure.不管发生什么，我的主张都是安全的、保险的。The amount will be paid to everyone regardless of whether they have children or not.不管有没有孩子，每个人都会得到相同的金额。夯实基础用regard的适当形式填空(1)Davis had very little to say regarding the accident.(2)As regards economic issues，he agreed with our view.(3)Our club is open to everyone regardless of age，sex or educational background.4 be fed up with受够了；饱受；厌烦(be bored with)应试指导作为高级词汇替换be tired ofbe tired of厌倦feed on以为食feed.with/on.用喂；供给，提供feed食物to.用某物喂养People are fed up with all these traffic jams.人们厌烦这么多的交通堵塞。Owls feed on mice and other small animals.猫头鹰以老鼠和其他小动物为食。图解助记夯实基础(1)语法填空Children are fed up with their studies because they are expected to do far better than they can.Panda feed on bamboo leaves.He is busy feeding the puter with new data.Fed(feed) up with his lies，she wont believe in him any longer.(2)Tom was fed up with being teased about his baldness，so he decided to revenge those who played tricks on him.Fed up with being teased about his baldness，Tom decided to revenge those who played tricks on him.(用过去分词短语作状语改写句子)5 look ahead向前看；为将来打算(to) (think about what is going to happen in the future)look up to sb.尊敬某人look down on/upon瞧不起；忽视look back on回顾look out当心；小心The time has e when we should look ahead to the future.是时候我们来设想一下未来了。We looked back on the first night we had arrived.我们回想起到达后的第一个晚上。夯实基础选择方框内的短语填空(1)The children all look up to the great baseball player.(2)Some Hong Kongers used to look down on mainlanders as poor cousins.(3)Do look out for spelling mistakes in your work.(4)We must learn the lessons and look ahead，not backwards.1 We have been excavating layers of ash almost six meters thick，which suggests that they might have kept the fire burning all winter.我们一直在挖掘一层层的积灰，几乎有六米厚，这意味着他们可能整个冬季都在烧火。have been excavating是现在完成进行时，表示从过去开始一直延续到现在，或将继续延续至将来。We have been working on this project for over a month now.到目前为止，我们一直在处理那个项目，已经花了一个多月的时间了。I have been working in an advertisement pany in the last two years.在过去两年里，我一直在一家广告公司工作。特别提醒现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别：(1)现在完成时强调的是某个刚刚完成的动作或某个动作对现在的影响或产生的结果，也可表示延续性；现在完成进行时则强调动作的延续性，有时表示临时性质。(2)现在完成进行时可以表示动作的重复；现在完成时一般不表示重复。(3)现在完成进行时有时含有感情色彩；而现在完成时一般表示平铺直叙，但有时也带有感情色彩。What have you been doing？(惊异)What have you done？(仅是一个问题，让对方回答，也可表示惊异)夯实基础(1)语法填空The girl has a great interest in sport and has been taking(take) badminton classes twice a week over the last three years.In order to find the missing child，villagers have been doing(do) all they can over the past five hours.(2)翻译句子我已经考虑过这件事了。I have thought it over.我一直在考虑这件事。I have been thinking it over.2 If only it could be just like last year！要是能跟去年那样该有多好呀！(1)if only.意为“要是就好了”。常用来表示强烈的愿望或遗憾，因此主要用于虚拟语气中，用以表达强烈的愿望或非真实条件。表示与现在相反的愿望用过去时；表示与过去相反的愿望用过去完成时；表示与将来相反的愿望用would/could/mightdo。(2)only if.只有，引导真实条件句。(3)if it were not for./if it had not been for.要不是If only I knew her name.我要是知道她的名字就好了。夯实基础语法填空(1)If only she had lived(live) a little longer! (2)If it had not been for your help，we would never have found(never，find) the station.(3)If only everyone here were(be) honest.(4)I didnt see you at the concert last week.What a pity!If only I had afforded(afford) the time.3 Abruptly she sat down，only to be scooped up by her laughing，shouting sister，Luna.突然间她坐了下去，却又被她那又笑又叫的妹妹卢娜一把搂了起来。only to do.“不料，反而，结果却”，是动词不定式作结果状语，表示意料不到的情况，且多为不愉快的结果，有时前面也可不加only；而现在分词短语作结果状语则表示“自然而然的结果”。He hurried to the airport only to be told that the film star had left.他匆忙赶到机场，却被告知那位电影明星已经离开了。I tore the box，only to discover that some of the parts were missing.我撕开盒子，却发现有些零件不见了。夯实基础(1)语法填空Anxiously，she took the dress out of the package and tried it on，only to find(find) it didnt fit.It rained heavily in the south，causing(cause) serious flooding in several provinces.(2)他去附近的河里游泳，结果再也没有回来。(翻译句子)He went to swim in the river nearby，never to e back again.4单元语法语法填空(1)I have been sitting(sit) here all the afternoon.(2)She has been sweeping(sweep) the street all day.She is too tired.(3)We have been waiting(wait) for you for two hours.We dont want to wait any longer.(4)He has been collecting(collect) all kinds of stamps since he was ten years old.(5)He hasnt been teaching(not，teach) here these years.高考题组.阅读填空(xx新课标全国)Kids health：Four steps for fighting stressEverybody gets stressed from time to time. 71 Some ways of dealing with stresslike screaming or hitting someonedont solve(解决) much.But other ways，like talking to someone you trust，can lead you to solving your problem or at least feeling better.Try taking these four steps the next time you are stressed；(1)Get support.When you need help，reach out to the people who care about you.Talk to a trusted adult，such as a parent or other relatives. 72 They might have had similar problems，such as dealing with a test，or the death of a beloved pet.(2)Dont take it out on yourself.Sometimes when kids are stressed and upset they take it out on themselves.Oh，dear，thats not a good idea.Remember that there are always people to help you.Dont take it out on yourself. 73 (3)Try to solve the problem.After youre calm and you have support from adults and friends，its time to get down to business. 74 Even if you cant solve it all，you can solve a piece of it.(4)Be positive.Most stress is temporary(暂时的)Remember stress does go away，especially when you figure out the problem and start working on solving it.These steps arent magic，but they do work.And if you can stay positive as you make your way through a tough time，youll help yourself feel better even faster. 75 AAsk for a helping hand to get you through the tough situation.BNotice your friends feelings and find a way to help them.CDifferent people feel stress in different ways.DAh，it feels so good when the stress is gone.EYou need to figure out what the problem is.FAnd dont forget about your friends.GThen，find a way to calm down.答案71.C72.F73.A74.E75.D.写作常用句翻译1通过这个故事，我坚信了诚实的重要性，它将有助于建立一个温暖与和谐的社会。(significance)(xx湖南书面表达)From this story，I am firmly convinced of the significance of honesty，which will contribute to building a warm and harmonious society.2当你读书时能获得心灵的平静难道不是一件高兴的事吗？(pleasure)(xx江西书面表达)Isnt it a pleasure to have great calm in mind while you are reading?3要是我没在湖里游泳就好了！ (if only.)(xx山东写作)If only I hadnt swum in the lake!模拟题组.语法填空1He was so far away that I identified him as my former student.2They were so amazed by the magicians tricks that they forgot to applaud(applaud)3It is generally assumed(assume) that by the first century BC Germanic peoples were living on both sides of the North and Baltic seas.4The carrot should be cut up into small pieces if you want to make dumplings.5Did you meet with Liu Xiang?No.If only I had e(e) here earlier!6It has been raining(rain) for two days，when will it stop？I am eager to go out.7The girl came running(run) to the bus stop，only to find(find) the bus had gone.8“Perhaps we need to send for Dr.Smith to see what we can do about it，” Father suggested tentatively(tentative) to his neighbor who had e to discuss the problem.9Only if you eat the correct foods will you be able to keep fit and stay healthy.10Public transport is generally poor so many Americans have no alternative but to drive(drive).单句改错1You can be paid in cash weekly or by cheque monthly；those are the two alternative.alternativealternatives2They have shut the door and meant to keep us up.upout3The vegetables should cut up into small pieces and dropped into the boiling water.should后加上be4The delay was due for heavy traffic.forto5The road led to our school was destroyed by rain last night.ledleading或在led前加上that/which6All the people should be treated with respect regardless race, education and wealth.regardless后加上of7We have almost the same opinions.My opinion is similar with hers.withto8Assume it rains tomorrow，what shall we do？AssumeAssuming9He said the old building was dated back to the sixteenth century.去掉was10What a terrible experience！Anywhere，you are safe；thats the main thing.AnywhereAnyway.写作句式升级训练To my great surprise，he made such great progress.What surprised me most was that he made such great progress.(用what引导的主语从句改写句子).阅读理解AIs there something unforgivably confusing about the unlimited use of adjectives and adverbs?Many famous stylists think so.Crime writer Elmore Leonard，who died last week，mented in his 10 rules of writing that using an adverb was almost always a “mortal sin(大罪)”William Zinsser，author of On Writing Well，considers most adverbs and adjectives as “clutter(混乱)”，and Mark Twain advised readers to “kill” any adjective they could catch.Zinsser and Twain are quoted by Adam OkuliczKozaryn，assistant professor of public policy at Rutgers University Camden，in support of his view that the greater the number of adjectives and adverbs in academic writing，the harder it is to read.He has published a paper in the journal Scientometrics analyzing adjectival and adverbial quantity in about 1,000 papers published between 2000 and xx from across the disciplines.Perhaps unsurprisingly，the paper，“Cluttered writing：Adjectives and adverbs in academia”，finds that social science papers contain the highest number of them，followed by humanities and history.Natural science and mathematics contain the lowest frequency，followed by medicine and business and economics.The difference between the social and the natural science is about 15 percent.“Is there a reason that a social scientist cannot write as clearly as a natural scientist？” the paper asks.Dr. OkuliczKozaryn told Times Higher Education that the analysis had been inspired by his own reading of academic papers，which suggested that political science in particular was “full of meaningless words that only add ornament(修饰)and weaken the meaning.”He said the use of adjectives and adverbs also inflated article lengths，making it even harder for academics to keep up with the literaturea serious problem when the content of new papers published doubles every 15 years.He dismissed the suggestion that the plexity of issues addressed by social scientists demand more adjectives and adverbs.But he said he had no good explanation for overusing “fancy，meaningless language” in the discipline and aimed to investigate further.However，he admitted that he had not analysed the frequency of adjectives and adverbs in his own writing.“Maybe I am no better after all.But Id bet I am better than average social scientists，” he said casually.1Which papers contain the second lowest quantity of adjectives and adverbs?ANatural science papers.BSocial science papers.CBusiness and economics papers.DHumanities and history papers.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第五段第二句“Natural science and mathematics contain the lowest frequency，followed by medicine and business and economics.”可知，OkuliczKozaryn调查发现，自然科学和数学论文包含形容词和副词最少，医学和商贸经济论文次之。2The underlined word “inflated” in Paragraph 8 can be best replaced by “ ”Aincreased BcontrolledCdecided Dignored答案A解析词义猜测题。根据第八段可知，OkuliczKozaryn认为形容词和副词的使用使得文章更长，本段中的double也是提示。3Which of the statements about adjectives and adverbs is TRUE?AThey can be properly used except in political science.BSome thought social science papers need more of them.CThe plexity of social science leads to more of them.DDr.OkuliczKozaryn rarely uses them in his own writing.答案B解析推理判断题。第九段第一句说，OkuliczKozaryn否认这种说法：社会科学家所要解决的问题的复杂性决定了其论文需要更多的形容词和副词，由此可推知有人是这样认为的，所以B项正确，C项错误；第七段提到了政治科学论文充满了无意义词，并不等于就不能用这些词，所以A项错误；文章最后两段可证明D项错误。4Which is the best title for this passage?ATo write better，cut the clutterBThe number of adjectives and adverbsCLiterature in social science papersDFunctions of adjectives and adverbs答案A解析标题归纳题。第一至三段提出了话题，即太多的形容词和副词使得文章很难读，所以本文旨在说明好文章尽量避免过多的形容词和副词，否则会给论文带来混乱。BTheres something I have to admit：I have a very severe case of the “Impostor Syndrome(骗子综合症)”. I dont think Im smart，and sometimes I feel that my academic “successes” (I use that term very，very lightly and at the shaky guess that high school students can even have academic successes) have simply been a bination of effort and luck.I often feel like Im just riding wave after wave of good fortune，but eventually and unavoidably I will be wiped out.I guess I should give some explanation of what this “Impostor Syndrome” actually is.According to Wikipedia，the Impostor Syndrome is “a psychological phenomenon in which people are unable to accept their achievements”Essentially，those troubled with this condition dont believe that they deserve what has e their way，despite evidence to the contrary.Im not exactly sure why this troubles me，but what I believe is summarized as：We live in a culture that celebrates intelligence.HighIQ，didntstudypassedtheexam intelligence.Ill illustrate this point with a personal anecdote.On the first day of my senior year，my teacher said to us，“Raise your hand if you think youre smart.”I didnt raise my hand.“Nobody will believe that youre smart if you dont believe it，”she said.Its not that I believe I am unintelligent；I dont believe in celebrating intelligence as an acplishment.Intelligence is a gift.Hardwork and devotion，these are choices，and these choices are much more worthy of praise than the gift of intelligence.Yet，we as a society dont see it this way.Why does the term “genius” have such positive meanings，while the term “try hard” is always used as an insult(