2019-2020年高三英语专题复习 非谓语动词主要包括不定式教案.doc

2019-2020年高三英语专题复习 非谓语动词主要包括不定式教案教学内容：动词不定式教学重难点：动词不定式的高考考点时态语态动词不定式的高考难点主动表被动教学过程：非谓语动词主要包括不定式&动名词&分词（现在分词和过去分词），.即动词的非谓语形式除了不能独立作谓语外,可以承担句子的任何成分(一) 动词不定式：（to）+do，具有名词、形容词、副词的特征.否定式：not + (to) do主动形式 被动形式一般式 （not） to make （not） to be made完成式 （not） to have made （not） to have been made进行式 （not） to be making语态如果动词不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者，不定式一般要用被动语态形式。如：I wish to be sent to work in the country.（不定式作宾语和I是被动关系）Can you tell me which is the car to be repaired?（不定式作定语和car是被动关系）I hope to see you again.（不定式是宾语和I是主动关系）时态（1）一般式：不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后.Im glad to meet you. We plan to pay a visit. He wants to be an artist.（2）进行式：不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生，例如：The boy pretended to be working hard. He seems to be reading in his room.（3）完成式：不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前，例如：I regretted to have told a lie. I happened to have seen the film.2不定式的句法功能：（1）作主语：To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard. To lose your heart means failure.动词不定式短语作主语时，常用it作形式主语，真正的主语不定式置于句后，例如上面两句可用如下形式：常用句式有：1、It+be+名词+to do。2、It takes sb.+some time+to do。3、It+be+形容词+of sb +to do 4、It+be+形容词+for sb.+to do。常用careless,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise,等表示赞扬或批评的形容词，不定式前的sb.可作其逻辑主语。这时用of sb.（2）作表语：Her job is to clean the hall.（3）作宾语：常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有：want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer, 如果不定式（宾语）后面有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语（不定式）后置，放在宾语补足语后面，有此类用法的动词为make/find/feel/think/consider例如：Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.动词不定式也可充当介词宾语，如：I have no choice but to stay here.He did nothing last Sunday but repair his bike.动词不定式前有时可与疑问词连用，如：He gave us some advice on how to learn English.4）作宾语补足语：在复合宾语中，动词不定式可充当宾语补足语，如下动词常跟这种复合宾语：want, wish, ask, tell, order, beg, permit, help, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force, call on, wait for, invite.此外，介词有时也与这种复合宾语连用，如：With a lot of work to do, he didnt go to the cinema有些动词如make, let, see, watch, hear, feel, have等与不带有to的不定式连用，但改为被动语态时，不定式要加to, 如：I saw him cross the road.He was seen to cross the road.（5）作定语：（表将来）不定式作定语，应注意两种关系：1）动宾关系：He has a lot of meeting to attend .Please lend me something to write with .He is looking for a room to live in .2）主谓关系：She is always the last ( person) to speak at the meeting .Im going to the post office , for I have a letter to post . ( 逻辑主语是I )Thank you. But I have no letters to be posted now ( 逻辑主语不是I )（6）作状语：表目的：He worked day and night to get the money.She sold her hair to buy the watch chain.注意不定式放句首时，逻辑主语与句子主语要一致：wrong：To save money, every means has been tried.right：To save money, he has tried every means.表结果：He arrived late to find the train gone.常用only放在不定式前表示强调：I visited him only to find him out.表原因：They were very sad to hear the news.表程度：The question is simple for him to answer.（7）作独立成分：To tell you the truth, I dont like the way he talked.作业布置：背诵经典例句教学内容： 动词不定式教学重难点： 动词不定式的省略现象教学过程：不定式的省略：动词不定式中的省略现象可分为两种情况，一是动词不定式符号to后的动词部分的省略；二是动词不定式符号to的省略。一、省略动词不定式符号to后的动词部分的情况1.一些表示心理活动、情感态度的动词或短语，如expect want hope wish love hate decide plan mean try would like be ready be afraid be glad等后，动词不定式省略to后面的动词部分，但保留to。例如： (2)Will you go with me ?Well ,I d like to. (3)Will you go home tomorrow? No.I m going to a lecture，or at least I am planning to. 2.不定式作宾语补足语时，省略to后的动词部分，即用to代替整个不定式。例如： (1)The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street? but his mot her told him not to. 3.在一些情态动词或助动词ought to have to used to be able to后。例如： (1) Must I go now? No. You don t have to. 二、省略动词不定式符号to的情况1.动词不定式作感官动词feel see notice watch find hear listen to observe和使役动词have make let等的宾语补足语时，动词不定式符号to省略。如果这些动词用于被动语态，其后的动词不定式符号to不能省略(但let除外)。例如：(1)We often hear him sing the song at home . (He is often heard to sing the song at home.) (2)They knew her very well. They had seen her grow up from childhood. (They knew her very well. She was seen to grow up from childhood.) 3. .在why或why not引起的表示建议或责问的省略问句中。例如： (1)Why get so excited? (3)Why not join us, Tom? 4.关于动词help后接动词不定式的问题：一般说来，help后既可接带to的动词不定式，也可接不带to的动词不定式(在美国英语及非正式文体中多见不带to)。例如： (1)Would you like to help me(to)carry the luggage? 3.but后接动词不定式的情况：如果这些介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式，那么这些介词后的不定式不带to，反之则要带to。例如： (1)She could do nothing but cry . (2)He has no choice but to leave. 针对性练习：I. 单项填空：1. Though he had often made his little sister _, today he was made _by his little sister. A. cry；to cry B. crying；crying C. cry；cryD. to cry；cry2. She pretended _ me when I passed by.A. not to see B. not seeing C. to not see D. having not seen3. Little Jim should love _ to the theatre this evening.A. to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. taking4. I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone5. Tom kept quiet about the accident _ lose his job.A. so not as to B. so as not to C. so as to not D. not so as to6. Charles Babbage is generally considered _ the first puter.A. to inventB. inventingC. to have invented D. having invented7. He said he would rather not _ it right now. A. doing B. to do C. do D. to be doing8. Rather than _ on a crowded bus, he always prefers _ a bicycle.A. ride； ride B. riding； rideC. ride； to rideD. to ride； riding9. The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very fortable to _.A. sit B. sit on C. be sit D. be sat on10. Im hungry. Get me something _.A. eat B. to eat C. eating D. for eating11. I usually go there by train. Why not _ by boat for a change?A. to try going B. trying to goC. to try and go D. try going12. They wont let their teacher _ in that way.A. to be treated B. being treatedC. treated D. be treated13. The problem _ at tomorrows meeting is a very difficult one.A. being discussed B. discussedC. to be discussed D. to discuss14. He reached the station _ only _ that the train had just left.A. tired learnedB. tiring；learning C. to tire；to learn D. tired；to learn15. Did that book give the information you needed?Yes, but _, we had to read it almost entirely.A. for finding it B. to find it C. finding it D. by finding it作业布置：改错教学内容：动名词教学重难点：动名词的高考考点时态语态动名词的高考难点动名词复合结构动名词：动名词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有名词的句法功能。1动名词的形式： Ving 否定式：not + 动名词主动形式 被动形式一般式 doing being done完成式 having done having been done语态：He came to the party without being invited他未被邀请就来到了晚会。He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old. Would you mind opening the door?时态：一般式：同时发生Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。完成式：已经发生We remembered having seen the film. 我们记得看过这部电影。否定式：not + 动名词regret not following his advice. 我后悔没听他的劝告。复合结构：物主代词（或名词所有格）+ 动名词 做主语His not knowing English troubled him a lot.他不懂英语给他带来许多麻烦。Janes not having received proper training was to her disadvantage.做宾语时还可用 代词的宾格（名词）+动名词I appreciate your giving me so much of your time. 感谢你为我花了这么多时间。 I appreciate you giving me so much of your time.I dont remember my mothers plaining about it. 我不记得我母亲抱怨过这事。I dont remember my mother plaining about it.2动名词的句法功能：（1）作主语：Reading aloud is very helpful. 朗读是很有好处的。Collecting stamps is interesting. 集邮很有趣。当动名词短语作主语时常用it作形式主语。Its no use quarrelling.争吵是没用的。（2）作表语：In the ant city, the queens job is laying eggs.在蚂蚁王国，蚁后的工作是产卵。（3）作宾语：They havent finished building the dam. 他们还没有建好大坝。注意动名词既可作动词宾语也可作介词宾语，如上面两个例句。此外，动名词作宾语时，若跟有宾语补足语，则常用形式宾语it，例如：We found it no good making fun of others. 我们发现取笑他人不好。要记住如下动词及短语只跟动名词作宾语：enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid（避免）, excuse ,delay, imagine, keep, miss, consider, admit（承认），deny（否认）, mind, permit, forbid, practise, risk（冒险）, appreciate（感激）, be busy, be worth, feel like, cant stand, cant help（情不自禁地）, think of, dream of, be fond of, prevent(from),keep from, stop（from）,protectfrom, set about, be engaged in, spend(in), succeed in, be used to, look forward to, object to, pay attention to, insist on, feel like动词不定式与动名词区别与联系部分动词后接不定式或动名词时，意义差别较大，应根据句子语境选择使用。 1 forget doing/to doforget to do忘记要去做某事(未做) forget doing忘记做过某事(已做)The light in the office is still on. He forgot to turn it off.办公室的灯还在亮着，它忘记关了。(没有做关灯的动作)He forgot turning the light off. 他忘记他已经关了灯了。( 已做过关灯的动作)2. remember doing/to do remember to do 记得去做某事(未做) remember doing记得做过某事(已做) Remember to go to the post office after school. 记着放学后去趟邮局。 Dont you remember seeing the man before? 你不记得以前见过那个人吗?3.regret doing/to doregret to do对要做的事遗憾(未做)regret doing对做过的事遗憾、后悔(已做)I regret to have to do this, but I have no choice. 我很遗憾必须这样去做，我实在没有办法。I dont regret telling her what I thought.我不为告诉她我的想法而后悔。练习You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting. Well, now I regret _ that.A. to doB. to be doing C. to have done D. having done4. stop doing/to dostop to do停止，中断做某事后去做另一件事。stop doing停止做某事。They stop to smoke a cigarette. 他们停下来，抽了根烟。 I must stop smoking. 我必须戒烟了。5. go on doing/to dogo on to do做了一件事后，接着做另一件事。go on doing继续做原来做的事。After he had finished his maths，he went on to do his physics.做完数学后，他接着去做物理。Go on doing the exercise after having a short rest 6 try doing/to do try to do努力，企图做某事。 try doing 试验，试着做某事。You must try to be more careful. 你可要多加小心。I tried gardening but didnt succeed. 我试着种果木花卉，但未成功。 7 mean to doing/to do mean to do 打算、想 mean doing意味着I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to.我想去，但是我父亲不肯让我去。To raise wage means increasing purchasing power.赠加工资意味着增加购买力。8 感官动词 + doing/ do感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel + do 表示动作的完整性， +doing 表示动作的进行性I saw him work in the garden yesterday. 昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调我看见了这个事实)I saw him working in the garden yesterday.（强调我见他正干活这个动作）昨天我见他正在花园里干活。练习1）They knew her very well. They had seen her _ up from childhood.A. grow B. grew C. was growing D. to grow2）The missing boy was last seen _ near the river.A. playing B. to be playing C. play D. to play .针对性练习：1.No one enjoys _ at. A. laughingB. to laughC. being laughed D. to be laughed 2. She returned home only to find the door open and something _.A. missed B. to be missing C. missingD. to be missed3.They insisted on _another chance to try.A. given B. givingC. being givenD .to be given 4.Where is my passport? I remember_it here.You shouldnt have left it here. Remember_ it with you all the time.A. to put；to takeB. putting；takingC .putting；to take D. to put；taking 5.His room needs _ , so he must have it_.A. painting； paintedB. painted； paintingC. painting； painting D. painted； painted 6.After finishing his homework he went on _ a letter to his parents.A. write B. writing C. wrote D to write 7 .She decided to devote herself _the problem of old age.A. to study B. studyingC. to studying D. study 8.Its no good _ over split milk.A .to cry B. crying C .cried D. cry9. Have you forgotten _$1000 from me last month? Will you please remember _ it tomorrow?A. borrowing; to bring B. to borrow; bringC. borrowed; bringing D .borrowing; bringing10. The classroom wants _.A. clean B. cleaned C. to clean D .cleaning11._ clean is a safeguard against disease.A. To be keeping B .Kept C .Keep D. Keeping12Whats made Ruth so upset?_ three tickets to the folk music concert.A. Lost B. LosingC. Because of losing D. Since she lost13Only one of these books is _.A. worth to read B. worth being readC. worth of reading D. worth reading14I regretted _ that to her.A. having said B. to have saidC. to say D. /教学内容: 现在分词教学重难点：现在分词的高考考点时态语态现在分词的高考难点分词作定语和状语教学过程：分词的构成：动词+ing 现在分词有四种构成： making being made Having made having been madeA: 现在分词各个结构的语法含义：doing 表示正在进行的主动动作They entered the house, talking and laughing.They stood there, glaring at each other.The secretary worked late into the night, _a long speech for the president. A. to prepareB. preparingC. preparedD. was preparinghaving done 表示主动完成 分词作时间状语，如果先与主动词的动作，且强调先后， 要用having done。Having finished his homework, he went out._ a reply, he decided to write again. A. Not receivingB. Receiving not C. Not having receivedD. Having not receivedbeing done表示现在正在进行的被动动作：Who is the woman being operated on? 正在动手术的女人是谁?I saw him being taken away by the police. 我看见他被警察带走。having been done表示已经完成的被动动作：Having been written in a hurry, the book has many mistakes. 这书因写得仓促，所以错误不少。B、现在分词的否定式分词的否定式总是将否定词not置于分词之前，遇上现在分词的完成式、被动式以及完成被动式，否定词应置于整个结构之前：Not having finished his work，he could not leave the office. 由于工作没干完他不能离开办公。C: 用法：现在分词主要起形容词和副词的作用，在句中作定语、表语、补语或状语1. 现在分词doing作定语，表示正在进行的主动动作。也可以说明被修饰词的性质和特征，此时可换成相应的定语从句。例如： There was a terrible noise _ the sudden burst of light. A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed being done作定语表示正进行的被动动作The meeting _ now is very important.A holding B being held C having held D having been held2. 现在分词doing作状语时，可作时间、条件、结果、原因和伴随状语，表示正在进行的主动动作。此时分词的逻辑主语就是主句的主语，因此要注意人称、时态和语态的一致性。 _ from the top of the hill, we can find that the city looks more beautiful. A. Seeing B. Seen C. Saw D. To be seeing _to visit the lab, we were showed around the library.A taking B being taken C having taken D having been taken3. 现在分词doing作补足语，表示正在进行的或主动的动作。例如： Soon they could see the steam _ from the wet clothes. A. rise B. rising C. risen D. be rising 练习：1. many times, he finally understood it. A. Told B. Telling C. Having told D. Having been told2. They use puters to keep the traffic_ smoothly. （09全国II）A. being run B. run C. to run D. running 3. A small plane crashed into a hillside five miles east of the city, _ all four people on board. A. killed B. killing C. kills D. to kill4. ._ in the fields on a March afternoon, he could feel the warmth of spring. （08安徽）A. To walk. B. Walking C. Walked D. Having walked5. _ their hats into the air, the fans of the winning team let out loud shouts of victory. （08天津）A. To throw B. Thrown C. Throwing D. Being thrown6. to reach them on the phone, we sent an email instead（08重庆）A. Fail B. Failed C. To fail D. Having failed7._that he was in great danger, Eric walked deeper into the forest. （08浙江）A. Not realized B. Not to realize C. Not realizing D. Not to have realized8. I smell something _ in the kitchen. Can I call you back in a minute? （07全国I）A. burning B. burnt C. being burnt D. to be burnt9. The flowers _ sweet in the botanic（植物园） garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt作业布置 纠错教学内容：过去分词教学重难点： 过去分词的高考考点教学过程：过去分词的构成：动词+ed过去分词用法A: 注意、通常，现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动，例如：He is the man giving you the money.(= who gave you)他就是给你钱的那个人。He is the man stopped by the car.( = who was stopped by)他就是那个被车拦住的人。B、不及物动词的过去分词表示动作已经发生gone, fallen, retired, escaped, faded, returnedChina is a developing country.Japan is a developed country.C:过去分词作定语 与其修饰的词是被动关系，相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists. 1)、The first textbook _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.A. have writtenB. to be writtenC. being writtenD. written2)、Whats the language _ in Germany?A. speakingB. spokenC. be spokenD. to speak分词作状语 相当于状语从句Given more attention，the trees could have grown better. 1)、_ some officials, Napoleon inspected his army. A. FollowedB. Followed byC. Being followedD. Having been followed2)、_, liquids can be changed into gases.A. HeatingB. To be heatedC. HeatedD. Heat注意： 选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的主语。如分词的动作是主句的主语发出，分词就选用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。连词+分词(短语) 有时为使分词短语与主句关系更清楚，可在分词前加连词。 连词有： when，while，if though，after, before, as.但分词的主语和主句的主语必须为同一个，如：While waiting there, he saw two pretty girls e out of the building. waiting 和saw 的主语相同。分词作补语 通常在感官动词和使役动词之后，如：I found my car missing.我发现我的车不见了。Ill have my watch repaired.我想把我的手表修一下。分词作表语 +ed+/ingShe looked tired The story is interesting.分词作插入语 其结构是固定的，意思上的主语并不是句子的主语。generally speaking一般说来strictly speaking 严格的说judging from 从判断 all things considered 从整体来看taking all things into consideration全面看来Judging from his face, he must be ill.从他的脸色看，他一定是病了。Generally speaking, dogs can run faster than pigs. 总的来说，狗比猪跑得快。 过去分词专项练习1. Generally speaking, _ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.A. When taking B. when taken C. when to take D. when to be taken2. The research is so designed that once _ nothing can be done to change it.A. begins B. begun C. beginning D. having begun3. _ in 1613, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United Stated.A. being founded B. Founded C. It was founded D. Founding4. _ more attention, the tree could have grown better.A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having given5. Mrs. Bush stood _ for a moment when an old soldier suddenly appeared before her.A. surprised B. surprising C. being surprised D. to be surprised6. He must be angry, for we heard the glass _ on the floor.A, being broken B. break C. to be break D. broken7. A cool rain was falling, _ with snow.A. mixed B. mixing C. to mix D. having mixed8. Most of the photographers _ to the conference were from north Europe.A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. having invited9. The speaker raised his voice but couldnt make himself _.A. hear B. to hear C. hearing D. heard作业布置：背诵经典句型纠错教学内容 非谓语动词综合练习教学重难点： 现在分词和过去分词的区别 动名词和不定式的区别教学过程：对比练习1. _many times , but he still couldnt understand it .2. _many times , he still couldnt understand it .A. Having been told . B. Told C. He was told D. Though he had been told3. _to the left , youll find the post office .4. If you _to the left , youll find the post office .5. _to the left , and youll find the post office .A. Turning B. To turn C. Turn D. Turned6. _from space , the earth looks blue .7._from space , we can see the earth is blue .A. Seen B. Seeing C. To see D. See8. The dirty clothes _ , the girl hung them up outside .9. _ the dirty clothes ,the girl hung them up outside .A. was washed B. washed C. were washed D. having washed10 The building _now will be a restaurant .11. The building _next year will be a restaurant .12. The building _last year is a restaurant.A. having been built B. to be builtC. being built D. built13. He stood there _for his mother .14. _for two hours , he went away .A. waiting B. to wait C. waited D. Having waited对应性练习1. The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police _. A. not to doB. not toC. not doD. do not 2