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2019-2020年高三英语一轮总复习专题2.3puters句型语法含解析【学以致用】三、重点句型剖析1.（教材原句）I developed very slowly and it took nearly two hundred years before I was built as an analytical machine by Charles Babbage.我发育缓慢，差不多到了两百年之后，查尔斯巴比奇才把我制成了一台分析机。【句式分析】句中before引导时间状语从句，意为“之后，.才”。另外before除了其基本意思“在之前”以外，还可以表示“(之后)才；没来得及；以免；免得”之意。【归纳拓展】“It was时间段before.”表示“过了多久才”。从句常用一般过去时。“It was not long before.”意为“不久就”。从句常用一般过去时。“It will not be long before.”表示“不久就会”。从句常用一般现在时。“It will be时间段before.”表示“要过多久才”。从句常用一般现在时。（1）They walked a long way they arrived at their destination.他们走了很长的路才到达目的地。（2）_ I could say a word，he had rushed out of the classroom.我还没来得及说句话，他就冲出了教室。（3）It was three days _ he came back.过了三天他才回来。（4）It was not long _ he got a rise in the pany.不久他在公司就升了职。【答案】（1）before （2）Before（3）before （4）before2.（教材原句）Over time my memory has developed so much that，like an elephant，I never forget anything I have been told!随着时间的推移，我的记忆能力发展地如此之快，就像一头大象一样，我从来不会忘记人们告诉我的任何事情！【句式分析】本句为主从复合句。主句是my memory has developed so much；that引导结果状语从句，其中I have been told是省略关系代词that的定语从句，修饰先行词anything。so.that.如此以至于，that引导结果状语从句。【归纳拓展】so.that.常用结构如下：soadj./adv. +that 从句so adj.a/an可数名词单数+that 从句so many/few可数名词复数+that 从句so much/little不可数名词+that 从句such.that.“如此以至于”也可用来引导结果状语从句。such为形容词，一般用来修饰名词，常构成如下结构：sucha/anadj.可数名词单数+that 从句suchadj.可数名词复数/不可数名词+that 从句在so.that.句式中，如果that引导的是目的状语从句，则从句中多含有情态动词，如may，might，can，could等。so that 引导目的状语从句，有同样用法。学%She was so excited that she couldnt go to sleep.她兴奋得睡不着觉。It was so hot a day that nobody wanted to do anything.(It was such a hot day that nobody wanted to do anything.)天气如此热，谁也不想干活。I made so many mistakes in the position that the teacher criticized me.我的作文中出了许多错误，老师批评了我。拓展：当 so./such.位于句首时，句子要部分倒装。So small was the mark that I could hardly see it.那个标记非常小，我几乎看不见它。so.that.中的主句和从句的主语是同一个，that 从句也可改为 as to do 形式。The old lady was so kind that she led me to the hospital.The old lady was so kind as to lead me to the hospital.这个老太太是那样好心，她把我领到了医院。so that 连在一起用，可引导结果状语从句，也可引导目的状语从句。so that引导目的状语从句时，从句中常使用 can/could/may/might/will/would/should 等情态动词；引导结果状语从句时，从句中一般不用 can和 may等词，在 so that前可以有逗号，意思是“因此；所以”。He hurried up so that he could catch the train.他匆匆赶路为的是赶上火车。(对比：He hurried up so that he caught the train. 他匆匆赶路，结果赶上了火车。（1）_about wild plants that they decided to make a trip to Madagascar for further research.ASo curious the couple wasBSo curious were the coupleCHow curious the couple wereDThe couple was such curious（2）Most children need encouragement in time of failure _ they can cheer up again.Aso that Bin case Cbecause Dif解析：考查 so that 引导目的状语从句。答案：A3.（教材原句）By the time I was sixteen，my dream had e true当我十六岁时，我的梦想已经成真了。【句式分析】句中by the time 相当于一个连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“到为止”。【归纳拓展】by the time引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时或现在完成时时，主句通常用将来完成时(强调主句谓语动作在从句谓语动作发生之前已经完成)，有时也可用一般将来时(状态性动词)和一般现在时(祈使句)by the time引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时时，主句通常用过去完成时(强调主句谓语动作在从句谓语动作发生之前已经完成)，有时也可用一般过去时(状态性动词或非持续性动词的否定形式)即学即练（1）By the time they get there，we (finish) the work.他们到那里时，我们已经把工作做完了。（2）By the time the soldiers arrived at the area，the number of the injured _ (rise) to ten thousand.当士兵们到达那个地区时，伤员已增至一万人。4. （教材原句）She programs us with all the possible moves she has seen while watching human games她把观看人类比赛时所看到的一切可能的动作编入我们的程序。【句式分析】while watching human games 为省略式状语从句，如补全为while she is watching human games.【归纳拓展】状语从句的省略原则：在when，while，if，unless，though，once等引导的时间、条件和让步状语从句中，若从句的主语与主句主语一致，且从句中含有be动词时，为了使句子结构简洁，可省略从句中的主语和be动词。若从句的主语和动词为itbe的某种形式时，也可以将it be一起省略。即学即练（1）The project is hard to stop once _(begin)这个工程一旦开始就很难停下了。（2） , please give me a call.如果有必要，请给我打电话。【答案】（1）begun （2）If necessary5. （教材原句） I would really like to play against a human team，for I have been programmed to act just like them.我真的特别想要和人类球队比赛，因为我经过程序编制，行动起来和他们一样。【句式分析】本句中for为并列连词，表原因，用于对前面所述情况作补充说明。它一般不置于句首，其前通常有逗号与前面的分句隔开。即学即练（1）He found it more difficult to read， his eyes were failing.他觉得阅读起来更困难了，因为他的视力越来越差。（2）He felt no fear，_ he was a brave man.他不感到害怕，因为他是个勇敢的人。【答案】（1）for （2）for【明辨异同】for，because，since，as，now thatfor“因为”，并列连词，前后不是主从关系，而是并列关系，它对前面一个分句补充说明其理由，但不具备因果关系because“因为”，与主句是因果关系，直接说明其原因，语气最强烈，也最常用，能回答why，可用强调句型对其强调since“既然”，与主句有因果关系，说明理由，表示大家都知道的原因as“由于”，与主句有因果关系，有时可与because互换，说明显而易见的理由，但语气比较弱now that“既然”，相当于sincesince，now that，as，because，for（3）_we are all here，lets start.（4）_he wasnt ready in time，we went without him.（5）I cant do it now _Im busy.（6）It must have rained last night，_the ground is wet.6.（教材原句）As time went by，I was made smaller.随着时间的流逝，我变得更小了。【句式分析】连词as引导时间状语从句，意为“随着”，with也可译成“随着”，但其后接的是复合结构而不是句子。You will grow wiser as you grow older.你会随着年龄的增长而越来越聪明。_，we find little time to gather with our friends. 随着生活水平的提高，我们和朋友的聚会变少了。7.（教材原句）Anyhow, my goal is to provide humans with a life of high quality.无论如何，我的目标是为人类提供高质量的生活。【归纳总结】of high quality在句中做定语，属于ofn.结构。这一结构相当于形容词，在句中可以做表语、定语或宾语补足语。ofn.结构中的名词是抽象名词时，相当于其名词所对应的形容词的意思，说明被修饰词具有某种特征或属性。常用的名词有：use, importance, help, value, interest, benefit 等。这些名词前可用 great, no, little, some, any, not much 等修饰，以表示不同程度。The camel is of great help to the Arab.(The camel is very helpful to the Arab.)骆驼对阿拉伯人有很大帮助。ofn.结构中的名词表种类、数量、度量等时，表示不同的人或物的共同特征，此时名词前通常有冠词。常用的名词有：size, type, kind, price, height, depth, length, weight, age, shape, colour 等。The two are of an age, but are of different height.这两个人年龄相同，但身高不同。ofn.结构还可以表示主语的根源关系，此时的名词多是表示亲属、血统、种族、国籍以及出处的名词，常用的名词有：family, blood, race, origin 等。We are of the same blood. 我们是同一血统。ofn.结构还可以表示人的特点、特性，常用 ofwealth/education/courage/achievement/ability 等。Your sister is a girl of wisdom.你妹妹是一位有智慧的女孩。 You will find this map of great _ in helping you to get around London.Aprice BcostCvalue Dusefulness【答案】C【解析】be of great valuebe very valuable “很有价值”。四、重点语法突破现在完成时的被动语态（一）现在完成时的被动语态的各种句式The city has been swept through by heat wave recently.最近炎热横扫了这座城市。His work has not been finished.他的工作尚未完成。Have the new booking systems for tickets been used?新的订票制度已在使用中了吗？（二）现在完成时的被动语态的用法1.表示被动的动作在说话之前已经完成，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果，通常与already，yet，never，recently等副词及时间状语so far，by now，up till now，since.，before.等连用。The doctor hasnt been sent for yet.还没有派人去请医生。(现在应派人去请医生)2.表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并有可能持续下去，常与for或since引导的时间状语连用，或用于How long.？句型中。The machine has been repaired for two hours.这台机器已经修了两个小时了。(可能还会继续被修)（三）使用现在完成时的被动语态要注意以下几点1.与一般过去时的被动语态的区别。一般过去时的被动语态所表示的动作或状态与现在的情况没有联系，而现在完成时的被动语态则强调与现在的情况有联系。The park was opened to the public last year.去年这家公园向公众开放。(说明动作发生于过去)The park has been opened to the public.这家公园已向公众开放。(说明动作发生于过去，但对现在有影响，即现在公园已经开放了)2.非延续性动词，如borrow，finish，begin，start，buy，marry，open，join等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的意思，则要改换动词或时态。The work was finished two weeks ago.这项工作在两周前已经完成。The work has been finished.这项工作已经完成。3.短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，在被动语态中要保持完整性，其中的介词或副词不可省略。It is said that the problem has been looked into.据说已经调查了这个问题。 .单句语法填空1The experiment _(do) successfully.2Has his bike _(repair)?3Many new buildings _(build) since 1980.4This book _(translate) into many languages.5Our classroom _(clean)，you neednt clean it now.6These flowers _(water)，you can go home.7Not a book in the library _(take) away.8The house _(wash) away by the storm.9The puter _(repair) for two days.10How many new words _(learn) by the students?.单句改错1A personal puter has bought by us._2The puter was used every day since we bought it._3Toms novel has been not published._4These patients have been taken good care since they moved to the hospital._5Tom and Mary married for two years._
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