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专题03 Travel journal 【考纲解读】1. 了解旅游常识，懂得如何为旅行做计划准备，包括确定旅游时间、地点、路线、交通工具、费用，以及其他物质方面的准备。2. 学习并掌握本单元所学词汇和短语，学会根据旅游、地理等主题将词汇进行分类记忆，以便逐步扩大词汇量。 【高频单词】1journal (n.) 日记；杂志；定期刊物journalist (n.) 记者journey (形近词) (n.) 旅行；旅程2transport (n. & vt.) 运送；运输transportation (n.) 交通；运输3prefer (vt.) 更喜欢；选择某事物(而不选择其他事物)preference (n.) 偏爱；爱好preferred (过去式/过去分词)preferring (现在分词)4disadvantage (n.) 不利条件；不便之处advantage (反义词) (n.) 有利条件；优势5persuade (vt.) 说服；劝说persuasion (n.) 说服；劝说6cycle (vi.) 骑自行车cyclist (n.) 骑自行车的人7graduate (vi.) 毕业 (n.) 大学毕业生graduation (n.) 毕业；毕业典礼8finally (adv.) 最后，终于final (adj.) 最后的；最终的9schedule (n.) 时间表；进度表 (vt.) 为某事安排时间10stubborn (adj.) 顽固的；固执的11organize (vt.) 组织；成立organizer (n.) 组织者organization (n.) 组织organized (adj.) 有组织的12determine (vt.) 决定；确定；下定决心determined (adj.) 坚决的；有决心的determination (n.) 决心13bend (n.&v.) 弯；拐角；弯身；弯腰；使弯曲bent (过去式/过去分词)14attitude (n.) 态度；看法altitude (形近词) (n.) 高度；海拔15forecast (n. & vt.) 预测；预报forecast (过去式/过去分词)16insurance (n.) 保险insure (vt. & vi.) 投保；给保险17reliable (adj.) 可信赖的；可靠的rely (vi.) 依靠；依赖18view (n.) 风景；视野；观点；见解 (vt.) 观看；注视；考虑viewer (n.) 电视观众；观看者 【重点短语】1ever_since 从那以后2be_fond_of 喜欢；喜爱3care_about 关心；忧虑；惦念4change_ones_mind 改变主意 5make_up_ones_mind 下决心；决定 6give_in 投降；屈服；让步；上交7as_usual 照常8put_up 张贴；搭建9at_midnight 在午夜10take_care 注意；当心；保重11at_one_point 在某处或某一时间；曾经12dream_about/of 梦想13graduate_from 毕业于14take_out 拿出；取出15be_dressed_in. 穿着服装16can_hardly/not_wait_to_do_sth. 迫不及待地做某事【热点句型】1ever since与完成时连用Ever_since_middle_school (从上中学那时起), my sister Wang Wei and I have dreamed about taking a great bike trip.(教材P18)2强调句型：It is/was被强调部分that/who其他部分It_was_my_sister_who (是我妹妹)first had the idea to cycle along the entire Mekong River from where it begins to where it ends.(教材P18)3insist(坚持要求)that从句(从句中谓语动词用should动词原形，should可省略)Although she didnt know the best way of getting to places, she insisted_that_she_organize_the_trip (她坚持要求组织这次旅行)properly.(教材P18)4主语beadj.动词不定式的主动形式(表示被动)When I told her the air would_be_hard_to_breathe (将会呼吸困难)and it would be very cold, she said it would be an interesting experience.(教材P18)5once作连词，意为“一旦就”Once (一旦)she has made up her mind, nothing can change it.(教材P18)6can hardly/not wait to do sth. “迫不及待做某事”We can_hardly_wait_to_see (迫不及待地想见到) them！(教材P22)【写作句型】so.that.陈述语序：主语be动词so形容词that主语谓语动词其他部分倒装语序：So形容词be动词主语that主语谓语动词其他1.陈述语序：Papercutting is so attractive and alive that I think you could be interested in it. 倒装语序：So attractive and alive is papercutting that I think you could be interested in it.(2017全国卷书面表达)剪纸是如此迷人和生动，以至于我想你可能对它感兴趣。2. 陈述语序：The dough figurine he made was so beautiful that we couldnt wait to have a try ourselves.倒装语序：So beautiful was the dough figurine he made that we couldnt wait to have a try ourselves.他捏的面人如此漂亮，以至于我们都情不自禁地想要自己尝试一下。3. 陈述语序：At the beginning, learning English was so difficult that I wanted to give up without even trying.(山东卷)倒装语序：At the beginning, so difficult was learning English that I wanted to give up without even trying.起初，学英语很难以至于我还没尝试就想放弃。4. 陈述语序： I was so excited that I couldnt wait to try wearing them.(湖南卷书面表达)倒装语序：So excited was I that I couldnt wait to try wearing them.我太激动了，迫不及待地想穿上它。5.他是如此紧张以至于能听到自己的心在狂跳。陈述语序：He_was_so_nervous_that_he_could_hear_his_heart_beating_wildly.倒装语序：So_nervous_was_he_that_he_could_hear_his_heart_beating_wildly.6.城市的房子如此贵，低收入家庭根本买不起。 陈述语序：The_houses_in_the_city_are_so_expensive_that_families_with_low_ine_cant_afford_to_buy_one.倒装语序：So_expensive_are_the_houses_in_the_city_that_families_with_low_ine_cant_afford_to_buy_one.7.时间是如此珍贵，我们不能够浪费它。陈述语序：Time_is_so_precious_that_we_cant_afford_to_waste_it.倒装语序：So_precious_is_time_that_we_cant_afford_to_waste_it. 高频考点一、单词冲关例1、prefer vt.更喜欢；选择某事物(而不选择其他事物)Which kind of transport do you prefer to use: bus or train？(P17)你更喜欢哪种交通方式：公共汽车还是火车？【归纳拓展】(1)prefer (sb.) to_do sth. 更喜欢(某人)做某事prefer sth./doing.to sth./doing.与相比更喜欢；喜欢胜过prefer to_do.rather than do.宁愿而不愿prefer that.更喜欢(that从句中常用should动词原形，should可省略)(2)preference n. 偏爱；爱好；喜爱give/show preference to sb./sth.给以优惠；优待in preference to优先于；而不是【名师点睛】 (1)prefer过去式、过去分词均为preferred，现在分词为preferring。(2)由于prefer本身含有比较含义，故不可与比较级连用；prefer (doing) sth. to (doing) sth.中的to是介词，to前后分别用平行的名词、代词或动词ing形式。(3)表示“宁愿做也不愿做”可用以下句型：prefer to do.rather than do.would do.rather than do.would rather do.than do.【语境助记】2016四川高考I prefer to_work in black and white, which allows me to show different specific worlds more clearly.我喜欢在黑白色的空间工作，这让我能够更清晰地展示与众不同的世界。Would you prefer_me_to_stay?你愿意我留下来吗？Nowadays many children prefer_surfering the Internet at home to_taking exercise outdoors.如今许多孩子宁可待在家里上网，也不愿意到户外进行锻炼。We preferred them to_take_our_advice seriously.We preferred that they (should)_take_our_advice seriously.我们更希望他们会认真对待我们的建议。She was chosen in_preference_to her sister.她被选中了，而不是她妹妹。Preference will_be_given_to graduates of this university.这所大学的毕业生会获得优先考虑。例2、persuade vt.说服；劝说Two years ago she bought an expensive mountain bike and then she persuaded me to buy one.(P18)两年前她买了一辆昂贵的山地车，并且之后说服我也买了一辆。【归纳拓展】 (1)persuade sb. to_do sth.persuade sb. into_doing sth. 说服某人做某事persuade sb. not_to_do sth.persuade sb. out_of_doing sth. 说服某人不做某事(2)persuade sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事persuade sb. that.使某人相信(3)try to persuade sb. to_do sth.advise sb. to_do sth. 尽力劝说某人做某事(但未必劝服)(4)persuasion n. 说服；劝说【语境助记】Dont let yourself be_persuaded_into_buying things you dont really want.不要被说服买你不需要的东西。I tried_to_persuade_him_to give up drinking, but he wouldnt listen to me.我试图说服他戒酒，但他不听。Advertisements persuade_us_that newer is better and that we will be happier with the latest products.广告使我们相信新的更好，我们会对最新的产品更满意。 【易混辨析】persuade说服；劝服；使相信try to persuadeadviseadvise劝说(不一定成功)convince“使相信；信服”，常用结构：convince sb.of sth.或convince sb.that.一言辨异Though I had advised her for many times, I couldnt persuade her to go abroad with me because her life experience had convinced/persuaded her that she could not live on without her parents.尽管我向她建议过很多次了，但我还是不能说服她和我一起出国，因为她的生活经验已经让她深信没有她的父母，她无法生活。例3、determine vt.确定；决定；(使)下定决心She gave me a determined lookthe kind that said she would not change her mind.(P18)她给了我一个坚定的眼神这种眼神表明她是不会改变主意的。【归纳拓展】 (1)determine on/upon决定determine to_do_sth. 决定做某事determine 从句 决定(2)determined adj. 坚决的；有决心的be determined to_do sth.决心做某事(3)determination n决心【名师点睛】be determined (not) to do sth.表示状态，是一种延续状态，可以与表示一段时间的状语连用，而determine to do sth.表示动作，不能与表时间段的状语连用。如：He determined to do it for a long time.()He was determined to do it for a long time.()类似用法的单词还有【语境助记】2016天津高考My tenyearold was growing and changing right before my eyes, into this determined_human being with a passion and a mission. “我”10岁的(女儿)长大了，在“我”眼中变成了一个富有热情和使命感的坚定的人。He determined_to_start early.他决定早点儿出发。Whether a person can succeed or not is_determined by many factors.一个人能否成功是由多种因素来决定的。Determined_to_give up smoking, he threw away his remaining cigarettes.决心戒烟，他扔掉了剩余的香烟。He fought the illness with_courage_and_determination.他勇敢顽强地与疾病作斗争。例4、schedule n时间表；进度表 vt.为某事安排时间Now she is planning our schedule for the trip.(P18)现在，她正为这次旅行制定计划。【归纳拓展】 (1)ahead of scheduleahead of time (进度上)提前on schedule(on time) 准时behind schedule (behind time) 落后于预定计划(2)be scheduled for sth. 为某事做安排be scheduled to_do sth. 安排做某事【语境助记】Having worked for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on_schedule.工作两天后，史蒂夫设法按时完成了报告。The meeting scheduled_to_be_held on Tuesday morning is of great importance.预计在周二早上召开的会议非常重要。Thanks to your help, we acplished the task ahead_of_schedule.多亏你的帮助，我们才能提前完成任务。The tunnel project has already fallen behind_schedule.隧道工程已经晚了工期。例5、view n风景；视野；观点；见解 vt.观看；注视；考虑To climb the mountains was hard work but as we looked around us, we were surprised by the view.(P22)登上这些山很艰难，但当我们环顾四周时，我们被四周的风景惊呆了。【归纳拓展】(1)in view 在视线范围内；作为目标out_of view 在视线范围之外in view of 鉴于；考虑到；由于in ones view 依某人看来have a good/bad/wonderful view of 看得见/看不清/看得非常清楚e into view 出现在眼前(2)view.as/to_be 把看作(3)viewer n. 电视观众；观看者【语境助记】In_my_view,_it was a waste of time.依我看，这是浪费时间。In_view_of the weather, the event will now be held indoors.由于天气的缘故，这项赛事将在室内进行。2016浙江高考In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority.还有一种用法是亚洲文化的人们可能把沉默视为尊重他人的表现，尤其是对长者和掌权者。The lake soon came_into_view.那湖很快映入眼帘。写出下列句子中view的含义aWhenever you bought a present, you should think about it from the receivers point of view.观点bShe viewed him with suspicion.注视；看cHe climbed up to the top of the church tower to get a better view of the entire city.风景dThe sun disappeared from view.视野高频考点二、短语冲关例1、care about 关心；关注；在乎；介意；担心Of course she hadnt; my sister doesnt care about details.(P18)当然她并没有看过我姐姐是不会注意细节的。【归纳拓展】care for照顾；喜欢；对有兴趣take care 注意；当心take care of 照顾；照料with care 小心地；仔细地【语境助记】2016江苏高考Chimps seldom care_about others interests.猩猩很少去关心其他猩猩的利益。She moved back home to care_for her elderly parents.她搬回家住，好照料年迈的双亲。Who will take_care_of the dog while were away?我们外出时，谁来负责照看这条狗呢？Take_care not to be impolite to the customers.注意别对顾客不礼貌。He handled the instrument with_care for fear it should be damaged.他小心地摆弄那架仪器，生怕把它弄坏。例2、give in 屈服；投降；让步；上交Finally, I had to give in. (P18)最后，我只能让步了。【归纳拓展】give away 赠送；泄露；出卖give off 放出；散发出give out 分发；用完；筋疲力尽；公布；出故障give up 放弃；戒掉；停止；让出give way to 给让路；对让步give rise to 产生；引起【名师点睛】(1)give in“屈服；呈交”。当“屈服”讲时，如果接宾语，后面常接介词to，表示向某人屈服。(2)give up“放弃”，既可作不及物动词短语，也可作及物动词短语。用作及物动词短语时，后面常跟pron./n./doing sth.意为“放弃(做)某事”。【语境助记】Do you think the president will give_in_to the terrorists demand?你认为总统会对恐怖分子们的要求让步吗？2016全国卷On December 1,1955, in Montgomery, Alabama, Rosa Parks would not give_up her seat on a bus to a white passenger. 1955年12月1日，在阿拉巴马州，蒙哥马利市的一辆公共汽车上，罗莎帕克斯拒绝将座位让给一位白人乘客。2016全国卷It annoys Welty that, at 78, her left ear has now given_out.令韦尔蒂困扰的是，78岁时，她左耳失聪了。She gave_away all her money to the poor.她把所有的钱都捐给了穷人。Such is Dadwhatever problem he meets with, he never gives_up.父亲就是这样的一个人不管他遇到什么问题，他从来不会放弃。The rotting bananas are giving_off a bad smell.这些腐烂的香蕉发出难闻的气味。例3、make up ones mind 下定决心；决定Once she has made up her mind, nothing can change it.(P18)一旦她下了决心，什么也不能使她改变。【归纳拓展】change ones mind 改变主意记住call/bring. to mind回忆起fix ones mind on/upon.将注意力集中于read ones mind看出某人的心思【名师点睛】make up ones mind短语中的mind与change ones mind中的mind的形式要随ones的单复数变化而变化。【语境助记】2016浙江高考I made_up_my_mind I would find out what was good in my present situation.我决定要找出我当前处境中的优点所在。2016江苏高考On the Internet, we could quickly and easily locate the details, and check facts, without keeping them in_mind.在网络上，我们能够迅速地，很容易地找到细节，查看事实，而不需要记住它们。With so much noise around, the boy could not fix_his_mind_on what he was doing at all.周围那么多的噪音，这个男孩根本不能将注意力集中在他正在做的事情上去。He changed_his_mind after a phone call at the last minute.他接了一个电话后，在最后时刻改变了主意。高频考点三、句型冲关例1、 Although she didnt know the best way of getting to places, she insisted_that she organize the trip properly. 虽然她对去某些地方的最佳路线并不清楚，她却坚持要自己把这次旅游安排得尽善尽美。【归纳拓展】从句语气意义insist(vt.)虚拟语气，其谓语动词常用(should)动词原形坚持要求；坚决主张陈述语气坚持认为；坚持说insist(vi.)其后常接介词on/upon坚持；坚决主张；硬要【名师点睛】(1)insist后跟从句时有两种用法：当insist表示“坚持要求；坚决主张”时，其宾语从句要用虚拟语气；当insist表示“坚持认为；坚持说”时，其宾语从句要用陈述语气。(2)suggest在接宾语从句时的两种用法也要特别注意：当suggest表示“建议”时，其宾语从句要用虚拟语气(即从句谓语动词要用“should动词原形”，should可以省略)。当suggest表示“暗示；表明”时，其宾语从句要用陈述语气。【语境助记】2016天津高考I told her she shouldnt swim after a whole nights coughing, but she refused to give up and insisted_she_(should) _go.我告诉她不应该在咳嗽一整夜之后去游泳，但是她拒绝放弃并坚持要去。He insisted_that he had_not_broken the window.他坚持说他没有打坏窗户。The doctor insisted_on performing an operation on the patient at once.医生要求立刻给患者做手术。例2、When I told her the_air_would_be_hard_to_breathe and it would be very cold, she said it would be an interesting experience. 当我告诉她那里空气稀薄，呼吸会困难而且天气很冷时，她却说这将是一次有趣的经历。【归纳拓展】the air would be hard to breathe是“主语beadj.不定式”结构，其中the air是breathe的逻辑宾语，不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。使用此结构须具备两个前提条件：表语是表性质的形容词主语是to do的逻辑宾语(1)常用形容词有：difficult, hard, easy, fortable, pleasant, interesting, exciting等。(2)不定式和句子的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系；若不定式为不及物动词，其后应该加相应的介词。(3)此句式还可以拓展为“find/feel/think/believe宾语adj.to do”。【语境助记】The question was not easy_to_answer,_so most of them kept silent.这个问题不容易回答，因此他们中的大部分人保持沉默。The armchair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very fortable to_sit_in.这把扶手椅看上去很硬，但实际上坐上去很舒服。He found its title easy to_understand.他发现它的标题容易理解。例3、Once she has made up her mind, nothing can change it.(P18)她一旦下了决心，什么也不能使她改变。【归纳拓展】 (1)once用作连词时，意为“一旦就”，引导条件状语从句。从句要用一般现在时代替一般将来时。(2)once用作副词时，意为“曾经；一度；从前；一次”。(3)once引导的从句中的主语若与主句主语一致，则可将其省略，构成省略句。【语境助记】Once the damage is done, it will take many years for the farmland to recover.一旦造成损失，这些土地要花费很多年才能恢复过来。Once_(it_is)_broadcast,_the TV play will be very popular with young people.一旦开播，这部电视剧将会为年轻人所喜欢。He cleans his car once_a_week.他每周洗一次汽车。高频考点四、语法冲关现在进行时表将来（1）英语中有少数动词(位移动词)或动词短语，如：go, e, start, leave, arrive, return, move, fly, take off等，其现在进行时可以表示将来。主要用来表示按计划、安排在近期将要发生的动作。Look, the plane full of food and clothes is taking off soon to help the victims in the earthquake.看，满载着食品和衣服的飞机很快就要起飞去帮助在地震中受害的人们。Please call the station to make sure when the earliest train is leaving.请给车站打个电话确定最早的火车什么时候离开。（2）现在进行时表示将来除使用位移动词外，也可使用某些非位移动词，如：do, buy, meet, have, play，finish, stay, publish等，此时句中一般要有表示将来的时间状语。At this time next year we are having our holiday in Beijing.明年的此刻我们正在北京度假呢。 【2018全国III】阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AWele to Holker Hall & GardensVisitor InformationHow to Get to HolkerBy Car： Follow brown signs an A590 from JB6, M6.Approximale travel times: Windermere-20 minutes, Kendal-25 minutes, Lancaster-45 minutes, Manchester-I hour 30 minutes.z.x.xkBy Rail: The nearest station is Cark-in-Cartmel with trains to Carnforth, Lancaster Preston for connections to major cities & airports. Opening TimesSunday-Friday (closed on Saturday)11:00 am-4:00pm,30 March-2nd November.Admission ChargesHall & Gardens GardensAdults: 12.00 8.00Groups 9 5.5Producers: Market 13th AprilJoin us to taste a variety of fresh local food and drinks. Meet the producers and get some excellent recipe ideas.Holker Garden Festival 30th MayThe event celebrate its 22nd anniversary with a great show of the very best of gardening, making it one of the most popular events in gardening.National Garden Day 28th AugustHolker once again opens is gardens in aid of the disadvantaged. For just a small donation you can take a tour with our garden guide.Winter Market 8th NovemberThis is an event for all the family. Wander among a variety of shops selling gifs while enjoying a live music show and nice street entertainment.21. How long does it probably take a tourist to drive to Holker from Manchester?A. 20minutes. B. 25 minutes.C. 45 minutes. D. 90 minutes.22. How much should a member of a tour group pay to visit to Hall & Cardens?A. l2.00. B. 9.00.C. 8.0 D. 5.5023. Which event will you go to if you want to see a live music show?A. Producers Market. B. Holker Garden Festival.C. National Garden Day. D. Winter Market.【答案】21. D 22. B 23. D【解析】文章为旅游指南。文章主要介绍了去Holker Hall& Garden 旅游的相关信息，如：出行方式，开放时间，旅行费用以及主要活动等。 BCities usually have a good reason for being where they are, like a nearby port or river. People settle in these places because they are easy to get to and naturally suited to munications and trade. New York City, for example, is near a large harbour at the mouth of the Hudson River. Over 300 years its population grew gradually from 800 people to 8 million. But not all cities develop slowly over a long period of time. Boom towns grow from nothing almost overnight. In 1896, Dawson, Canada, was unmapped wilderness(荒野). But gold was discovered there in 1897, and two years later, it was one of the largest cities in the West, with a population of 30,000.Dawson did not have any of the natural conveniences of cities like London or Paris. People went there for gold. They travelled over snow-covered mountains and sailed hundreds of miles up icy rivers. The path to Dawson was covered with thirty feet of wet snow that could fall without warming. An avalanche(雪崩) once closed the path, killing 63 people. For many who made it to Dawson, however, the rewards were worth the difficult trip. Of the first 20,000 people who dug for gold, 4,000 got rich. About 100 of these stayed rich men for the rest of their lives.But no matter how rich they were, Dawson was never fortable. Necessities like food and wood were very expensive. But soon, the gold that Dawson depended on had all been found. The city was crowded with disappointed people with no interest in settling down, and when they heard there were new gold discoveries in Alaska, they left Dawson City as quickly as they had e. Today, people still e and go to see where the Canadian gold rush happened. Tourism is now the chief industry of Dawson City its present population is 762.24. What attracted the early settlers to New York City?A. Its business culture.B. Its small population.C. Its geographical position.D. Its favourable climate.25. What do we know about those who first dug for gold in Dawson?A. Two-thirds of them stayed there.B. One out of five people got rich.C. Almost everyone gave up.D. Half of them died.26. What was the main reason for many people to leave Dawson?A. They found the city too crowded.B. They wanted to try their luck elsewhere.C. They were unable to stand the winter.D. They were short of food.27. What is the text mainly about?A. The rise and fall of a city.B. The gold rush in Canada.C. Journeys into the wilderness.D. Tourism in Dawson.【答案】24. C 25. B 26. B 27. A【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Dawson这座城市的发展原因、过程与现状。 25. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句Of the first 20,000 people who dug for gold, 4,000 got rich. About 100 of these stayed rich men for the rest of their lives.可知，在最初挖黄金的两万人中有4000人变富有，所以是五分之一的人变富了，故B正确。26. 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中and when they heard there were new gold discoveries in Alaska, they left Dawson City as quickly as they had e.可知，人们离开Dawson的主要原因是听说在Alaska发现了黄金，也就是他们要去别的地方寻找发财的机会。故B正确。27. 主旨大意题。第一段简要介绍城市发展的原因，引出Dawson这一城市的兴起，第二段介绍了该城市兴起的原因，第三段介绍人们选择离开该城市的原因及现在的状况，所以全文围绕Dawson这个城市的发展起伏。故A正确。 CWhile famous foreign architects are invited to lead the designs of landmark buildings in China such as the new CCTV tower and the National Center for the Performing Arts, many excellent Chinese architects are making great efforts to take the center stage.Their efforts have been proven fruitful. Wang Shu, a 49-year-old Chinese architect, won the 2012 Pritzker Architecture Prize which is often referred to as the Nobel Prize in architecture on February 28. He is the first Chinese citizen to win this award.Wang serves as head of the Architecture Department at the China Academy of Art (CAA). His office is located at the Xiangshan campus(校园) of the university in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province. Many buildings on the campus are his original creations.The style of the campus is quite different from that of most Chinese universities. Many visitors were am
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