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Chapter7NonverbalCommunication TypesofNonverbalCommunication NVC BodymovementsSpaceTimeTouchVoiceEyecontactPhysicalAppearance NVC Bodymovements Physicalbehaviorssuchas FacialmovementGesturesPosture NVC PersonalSpace peopleregulateintimacybytheuseofinterpersonaldistanceandspace Fourspatialzones Intimate lovers Personal friends SocialPublic EdwardHallFatherofICC PersonalSpaceScale NVC Touch Touchisoftenusedtoindicatethefeelings emotions PositivenegativePattingonone sback EncouragingThreatening NVC Voice ItConsistsoftone 语调speed 语速pitch 音高volume 音量lengthofpauses disfluencies um s ah s Voice Ittendstobemorepowerfulthanlanguage Itaffectshowothersperceiveus NVC EyeContact Yourlipstellsmeno butthereiseye Yesinyoureye Shakespeare DirectEyeContactinUSA Informaloccasion suchasdailycommunication Sexualinvitation Formaloccasion suchasconference class Attention interest NVC Physicalappearance PhysicallyattractivepeoplegenerallyareperceivedbetterImportanceplacedonphysicallyappearancecanbeverydamaging Beautyisintheeyeofthebeholder NVC Time Timeorientation Itreferstothevalueorimportanceplacedonthepassageoftime 3orientations PastPresentFuture PastOrientation P148 Onwhichistheemphasisplaced Howdopeoplekeepthepast Tradition wisdompasseddownfromoldergenerations Thepastiskeptaliveinhistory storytelling language musicanddance religiouspracticesandcustoms PastOrientation Twoheadsarebetterthanone 三个臭皮匠顶个诸葛亮既生瑜何生亮周瑜打黄盖 一个愿打一个愿挨 前所未有 前无古人后无来者 空前绝后 后继有人 继往开来 May5thinlunarcalendaristheDragonBoatFestival AndthetraditionalfoodisZong zi ItissaidthatthechasingofDragonboatandthefoodZong ziisthetruestoryofgreatpoetQuyuan PastOrientation Timegoeslikeacycle Eventsarecircular Experiencesforovercomingobstaclesanddealingwithproblemscanbeappliedtocurrentdifficulties Therefore eldersareshownrespectto PastOrientation IfyouareaskedtointroduceChinatotheforeigners whatwillyousay Chinaisonetypicalpast orientatedcountry Whydoweputsomuchemphasisonthepast Tip economicsystem MapofChina Thenaturalresourcesandmildclimatearefitforthedevelopmentofagriculturaleconomy MapofChina Thelargeriversandtheirtributariesfacilitatetheagriculturaldevelopment SuggestedAnswer Inthefarmingprocess theclimateandthesoilconditionplayacriticalrole Therefore experienceareprecious Theexperienceisgenerallypasseddowntothenextgenerationfrommouthtomouth Sotherespectfortheelderscameintobeing Andtraditionisstressedallthetime PastOrientation Greeceisalsopast orientated Canyounameareason Greeceholdsalonghistory whichcanbedatedbackto2 000BC Westerncultures TheyoriginatedfromancientGreekculture whichiscloselyconnectedtothesea PresentOrientation P149 Howdopeoplecreatechange Whataregoodreasonsfordoingsomethingnew Whatismostimportantforthem Howdopeoplethingofthepast future PresentOrientation Howdopeoplecreatechange Withextraordinarymeans Whatarethereasonfordoingsomethingnew overcomingthelimitationsofthepastorsurpassingtheaccomplishmentsofthepast PresentOrientation P149 Whatismostimportantforthem currentexperiences Howdopeoplethinkofthepast future Thepastisunimportant Thefutureisvagueandunpredictable foretell PresentOrientation Thesepeoplepayrelativelylittleattentiontowhathasgoneinthepastandwhatmighthappeninthefuture Theseculturesplaceamajoremphasisonspontaneity immediacyandonexperiencingeachmoment PresentOrientation Fateorluckcontrolstheirlife Timeiscyclical E g PhilippinesCentralAmericaSouthAmerica India Marxsaid thereisnohistoryinIndia Timehaslittletodowiththeirlife 关于世界名剧 沙恭达罗 作者的出生年代 在印度有两种意见 这两种意见之间 相差了1000年 印度人认为时空是循环的 每一次循环称作一次 劫波 约为432 000万个世俗年 每次 劫波 又分为十四个 期 每一 期 终了 宇宙再生 TajMahal FutureOrientation Whatisimportant Howdotheythinkoffuture WhatareAmerican sfocusandemphasis Howdotheythinkoftime FutureOrientation Whatisimportant Tomorrow Whatdotheythinkoffuture Itwillbebetter Itisconcrete knowable FutureOrientation P149 WhatareAmerican sfocusandemphasis focusonthenewnessoftheircultureemphasisonrapidchangeandideaofprogress Howdotheythinkoftime Timeandmoneyhaveanequalposition Timeisregardedasamaterialthatcanbeseenandtouched Howdoyouspendthem Supposethereisabankthatcreditsyouraccounteachmorningwith 86 400 everymorningitdeleteswhateverpartofthebalanceyoufailtouseduringtheday Whatwouldyoudo Drawouteverycent ofcourse Timeismoney Everymorning timecreditsyouwith86 400seconds Everynightitwritesoff aslost whateverofthisyouhavefailedtoinvestingoodpurpose Eachdayitopensanewaccountforyou Timeisamaterial Timecanbe BoughtBabysitterhousekeeperBorrowedControlledSavedKilled FutureOrientation Americanpaceoflifeisfastbecausetimeissocritical Forinstance FastfoodDrive inbankProcessedfood theAmerica ToAmericans punctualityisawayofshowingrespectforotherpeople stime Beingmorethan10minuteslatetoanappointmentusuallycallsforanapology andmaybeanexplanation Peoplewhoarerunninglateoftencallaheadtoletothersknowofthedelay theAmerica Ofcourse thelessformalthesituation thelessimportantitistobeexactlyontime Atinformalget togethers forexample peopleoftenarriveasmuchas15minutespasttheappointedtime Buttheyusuallydon ttrythatatwork theAmerica Americanregardtimeasthelimitedresource whichshouldbefullyusedandwiselymanaged Therefore theyoftenreadbookstolearntheefficientwaystomanageit theAmerica Peopleuseportablenotebookandcellphonetowritedowntheirtimeschedulesoastoachievemoreinthelimitedtime Franklin Doyoulovelife Thendonotwastetime forthatisthestufflifeismadeof theAmerica Ifpeoplewanttocometoyourhouseforafriendlyvisit theywillusuallycallfirsttomakesureitisconvenient Ifyoujustdropby youmayprobablyberejected Seeingadoctor meetingfriends theAmerica Sayings Neverputofftilltomorrowwhatyoucandotoday Timeandtidewaitfornoman Makehaywhilethesunshines American sValueofTime Weshouldvaluetime Wearehavingagoodtime Iamlivingonborrowedtime Dyingman Anecdote PresidentWashingtonHeofteninvitedthemembersofparliamenttodinnerintheWhiteHouseat4PM Onceitwasthetime hewouldbegineating whichusuallyembarrassedtheonesthatwerelate Hesaid Mychefneveraskswhethertheguestsarehereornot American sTimeValue Manisthemasteroftheirowntime Inthewest noonecanescapethecontroloftime Infact allsocialactivitiesandbusinessactivitiesandevensexuallifearecontrolledbytime THANKYOU