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2019牛津译林高考英语一轮基础选习题：模块6U4一、阅读理解。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。No human has set foot on the Moon since 1972.Now，after more than four decades of inactivity，interest in putting humans back on the Moon is finally heating up again.But who will get there first?CHINAOn 14 December 2013，China successfully landed its Jade Rabbit rover(探测车)on the Moon.It is now working on its next exploration mission.Named Change 4，the mission is scheduled to touch down in the Aitken Basin near the end of 2018.If successful，it will be the first landing on the Moons far side.RUSSIARussia plans a manned Moon landing in 2030.It is currently working on a project whose idea is that the landers will explore the south pole of the Moon，exploring for resources such as minerals and water ice to be used to provide for a human outpost(前哨站)INDIAFollowing the success of its Chandrayaan1 in 2008，India announced a followon mission.Chandrayaan2 was meant to cooperate with Russia.But when the Russians failed to deliver the promised lander in 2013，India decided to go it alone.Chandrayaan2 is about to be sent up in 2018.USAIn December 2018，NASA plans to send up the Exploration Mission 1，an uncrewed test of their Orion astronaut capsule in which the craft will circle around the Moon before returning to Earth.All being well，a crewed capsule will follow in 2023.Should the mission prove a success，the astronauts will be the first humans to see the far side of the Moon with their own eyes since Apollo 17 in 1972.1What will China do in its next space mission?AImprove its Jade Rabbit rover.BWork with other countries.CLand Change 4 on the Moon.DExplore the south pole of the Moon.2Why did India try to carry out its followon mission alone?AIt couldnt find a partner.BIt didnt get the lander as planned.CThe Russians refused to work with India.DIt planned to launch Chandrayaan2 in advance.3Which country is interested in resources on the Moon?ARussia.BChina.CIndia. DUSA.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国、俄罗斯、印度和美国的登月计划。【难句分析】It is currently working an a project whose idea is that the landers will explore the south pole of the Moon，exploring for resources such as minerals and water ice to be used to provide for a human outpost(前哨站)分析：该句为主从复合句。句中whose idea is that the landers will explore the south pole of the Moon，exploring for resources such as minerals and water ice to be used to provide for a human outpost(前哨站)为whose引导的定语从句，修饰先行词a project；该定语从句中含有that引导的表语从句。译文：当前(俄罗斯)正启动一项工程，其思路是登陆器将探索月球的南极，寻找矿物质和水冰等资源以供人类前哨站使用。1C考查细节理解。根据第二段第三句“Named Change 4, the mission is scheduled to touch down in the Aitken Basin near the end of 2018”可知，嫦娥四号将在2018年底降落在月球Aitken Basin地区。据此可知，中国的下一步空间计划是嫦娥四号登月，故C项正确。根据第三段第二句“It is currently working on a project whose idea is that the landers will explore the south pole of the Moon”可知，探索月球南极是俄罗斯的计划，而不是中国的计划，故D项错误；A、B项文中没有提及。2B考查细节理解。根据第四段第三句“But when the Russians failed to deliver the promised lander in 2013, India decided to go it alone”可知，由于俄罗斯没能给印度提供着陆器，故印度决定自己实施登月计划，故B项正确。根据第四段第二句“Chandrayaan2 was meant to cooperate with Russia”可知，印度Chandrayaan2任务计划和俄罗斯合作完成，故A项错误；根据第四段第三句可知，俄罗斯没能给印度提供着陆器，而不是拒绝合作，故C项错误；D项文中没有提及。3A考查细节理解。根据第三段第二句“It is currently working on a project whose idea is that the landers will explore the south pole of the Moon，exploring for resources such as minerals and water ice to be used to provide for a human outpost(前哨站)”可知，当前俄罗斯正启动一项工程，其思路是登陆器将探索月球的南极，寻找矿物质和水冰等资源以供人类前哨站使用。故A项正确。二、单项选择。1.It is urgent that immediate measures _ should be taken to stop the situation.A. are taken B. would be taken C. be taken D. should take【答案】C【解析】It is urgent that.(should) do.； “措施被采取”用被动语态。句意：很紧迫的是,应立即采取措施阻止这一事态的发展.2.If we do not receive payment by the end of this month, we will have no alternative but to take legal action.A. do nothing but to take B. have no alternative but takeC. have no choice but to take D. have nothing to do but to take【答案】B【解析】have no alternative but to do=have no choice but to do sth.“ 除外别无选择” ，符合题意。句意：如果在本月底我们仍未收到货款，我们别无选择，只能采取法律行动。3._ the instant message servicerWeChat, we can keep in touch with our friends for everyday munication.A. In need of B. By means of C. In place of D. On behalf of【答案】B【解析】by means of “借助于”，符合句意。in need of 需要；in place of 代替，取代；on behalf of 代表。句意：借助于即时消息服务商微信，我们可以和朋友们保持联系，进行日常交流。4.China has made a _ to do all she can to help the tsunami-hit regions of Asia.A. devotion B. mitment C. allowance D. bination【答案】B【解析】make a mitment 作出承诺；devotion 忠心，献身；allowance 津贴，补助；bination 联合。句意：中国作出承诺竭尽全力帮助亚洲受海啸袭击的地区。5.The _ hills around remind the villagers of the importance of protecting the environment.A. blank B. bare C. vacant D. empty【答案】B【解析】blank 空白的；bare 赤裸的，光秃的；vacant 空着的，未被占用的；empty 空的；没人居住的。句意：周围光秃的山提醒村民们保护环境的重要性。6.Sam began to do his homework without numerous _ or a major search through his crowded backpack.A. occasions B. reminders C. rules D. suggestions【答案】B【解析】occasion 时机，机会；reminder 暗示，提醒；rule 规则；suggestion 建议。句意：不需要多提醒，也不用在塞满东西的背包找半天作业本，萨姆就开始做起了作业。7.For a temporary or long storage of the product, please make _ to the storage section indications.A. difference B. conclusion C. reference D. decision【答案】B【解析】make (a) reference to 参阅，谈到。句意：对于产品的临时储存和长期储存，请参阅储存说明。8.To improve spoken English, Lucy _ at least one hour each day to recite English texts.A. sets off B. sets aside C. sets down D. sets out【答案】B【解析】sets off 送行；sets aside 留出；sets down 写下；sets out 开始。句意：为了提高英语口语，露西每天留出一小时的时间来背诵英语课文。9.With the night falling, the crowd gathering around the accident scene began to _.A. break up B. break down C. break out D. break away【答案】A【解析】句意：随着夜幕降临，聚集在事故现场的人群开始散去。break up 散(会)，解散，(人群)散开，破碎；break down 出毛病，失灵，分解，感情失控；break out 爆发；break away 逃脱。10._ tell me your answer now. Give it some thought and then let me know.A. There used to B. That need not to C. There happened to D. There is no need to【答案】A【解析】There is no need to do 没有必要做某事。句意：现在没必要就给我答复。思考一下，然后告诉我。11.Today acupuncture, the art of “magic needles”, has bee popular round the world, _ have othertraditional Chinese medicines.A. so B. as C. that D. which【答案】B【解析】as 表示像一样，引导定语从句。as 在从句中作主语，指代前面所说的内容。句意：今天针灸已经在世界上受到广泛的欢迎，像其它中国传统医学一样。12.Susan made _ clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.A. that B. this C. it D. her【答案】C【解析】本句中的 it 是一个形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的宾语从句 that she wished to make a new life for herself.句意：苏珊向我说清楚了她希望有自己的新生活。英语中能够作为形式宾语的只有 it。故C 正确。13.She would be much healthier now _ with that much pressure from work when young.A. had she not burdened herself B. were she not burdenedC. should she not burden herself D. were she not to be burdened【答案】A【解析】根据 when young 可知，从句是对过去事实的假设，由 now 可知主句是对现在事实的假设，而在if 引导的虚拟条件句中，如果从句中含有 had、were 或者 should，可以将 if 省略，然后将 had、were 或者 should 提前，构成虚拟语气句的倒装。句意：如果不是她年轻时工作压力过大，她现在就会更加健康了。14.If you had listened to me, we _ at the party. Move over. Ill drive.A. are B. were C. would be D. would have been【答案】C【解析】句意：要是当初你听我的，那么我们现在就在聚会现场了。你挪过去，我来开车。if 从句表示与过去事实相反的假设，而本空表示与现在的实际情况相反的假设，说话人此时还在路上，因此用与现在事实相反的虚拟语气。15.Thank God! The accident was avoided after all.That was lucky, but ten inches nearer the two cars _?A. was destroyed B. would be destroyedC. would have been destroyed D. had been destroyed【答案】C【解析】根据 The accident was avoided after all.可知两辆车被毁了是不真实的，这里的 ten inches nearer 是遗憾的虚拟条件， 相当于： If they had been ten inches nearer， 因为是对过去的事情的虚拟， 用 would have done。句意：“谢天谢地，事故毕竟被避免了。”“那是很幸运的，但是再近 10 英寸，两辆车就被毁了。”16.I didnt see you at the concert last week. What a pity!If only I _ the time.A. afford B. afforded C. had afforded D. would afford【答案】C【解析】句意：“很遗憾！上周的音乐会上没有看到你。”“如果我抽得出时间就好了。”从第一句话看出答话者没有去听音乐会，根据答语可知，此处是对过去情况的虚拟，因此选 C。17.I could have finished my self-reflection last weekend, but the math classes and exercises _ all my spare time.A. take up B. had taken up C. took up D. had been taking up【答案】C【解析】句意：我本可以在上周末就完成反思整理工作的，但数学课和练习占据了我所有的业余时间。从句为含蓄条件句，but 构成并列句，以真实的情况表示隐含的虚拟条件。18.Without the leadership of our Party and our Government, we _ these splendid results.A. havent achieved B. wouldnt have achievedC. shouldnt achieve D. would not achieve【答案】B【解析】本题是一个使用 without 的含蓄虚拟语气句，根据句意可知是对过去情况的虚拟，所以主句用would have done 结构。句意：如果没有我们党和政府的领导，我们就不会取得这些辉煌的成就。19.What happened to the young trees we planted last week?The trees _ well, but I didnt water them.A. might grow B. must have grown C. would have grown D. would grow【答案】C【解析】根据 but 后的分句可知空格处为与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，补全原句为：If I had watered them, the trees would have grown well， but I didnt water them.句意： “我们上周种的小树怎么了？” “ (如果我浇水的话)那些树会长得很好，但是我没浇水。 ”20.The young man insisted that he _ nothing wrong and _ free.A. did, set B. had done, should be setC. do, be set D. had done, must be set【答案】B【解析】insist 后面跟从句，如果从句中的动作已经发生或状态已经存在，谓语动词就不能用虚拟语气，如果从句中的动作没有发生，谓语动词就用虚拟语气。句意：那个年轻人坚持说她没有做错什么事，并坚持认为他应该获得释放。21.Having finished their morning work, the clerks stood up behind their desks, _ themselves.A. expanding B. stretching C. prolonging D. extending【答案】B【解析】expand 扩张，使膨胀，详述；stretch 伸展，张开；stretch oneself 伸懒腰，伸展身体， prolong拖延，延长；extend 延伸，扩大，伸出。句意：做完了上午的工作，职员们站在桌子后面伸懒腰。22.Chinese laws say employees may not work more than 8 hours a day but permit work hours to be _ in some cases, where employers must be sure the workers do not bee tired.A. expanded B. enlarged C. extended D. exploited【答案】C【解析】expand 扩张；enlarge 扩大，放大；extend 延长，伸展；exploit 开拓，剥削，开采。句意：中国法律规定员工每天工作时间可以不超过 8 小时，但是法律允许在某些情况下延长工作时间，在此类情况下雇主必须确保工人不会感到劳累。三、完形填空。Mildred Webinga Freeman was an English teacher at the new middle school I attended in the ninth grade.She wasnt my _1_；she was the adviser to the safety patrol(巡逻队)on which I _2_.I loved being around her and _3_ her sense of humor and kind personality.She was _4_ a good listener.At the end of the year，she _5_ that she was moving to Florida，and I was very sad.We exchanged _6_ and became pen pals.I could tell her _7_，and she treated me _8_ respect even though I was a teenager.In Florida，Mrs.Freeman became a Realtor(房地产经纪人), _9_ she managed to find time to write letters.She wrote _10_ stories and always took my concerns _11_.She had given me a(n) _12_ invitation to visit，and I missed her so much.When I _13_ to take her up on the _14_ ，she answered，“Get your shoes on and your bags _15_ ！You are wele anytime！”I spent three weeks with her in Miami.Her _16_ of poetry，music，and creative writing _17_ me to follow these endeavors(努力)One day _18_ hanging sheets on the clothesline，she _19_ and said，“You know，the sky is fuel for the soul.”I had never looked at the _20_ before hearing those words.Two years later，I received a call that Mrs.Freeman had passed away.1A.mother BfriendCclassmate Dteacher2A.served BadvisedCexpected Dled3A.shared BenjoyedCimagined Dfound4A.never BjustCstill Dalso5A.knew BannouncedCthought Drealized6A.addresses BgiftsCviews Droles7A.many BmuchCeverything Dsomething8A.in BasCwith Dto9A.so BbutCor Dfor10A.amusing BdifferentCemotional Dordinary11A.immediately BcarefullyCseriously Dprivately12A.urgent BluckyCambiguous Dopen13A.decided BhesitatedCwrote Dhurried14A.offer BpromiseCexcuse Dmessage15A.bought BfoundCfilled Dpacked16A.love BdreamCsense Dfeeling17A.persuaded BencouragedCforced Dallowed18A.before BonceCwhile Dafter19A.looked over Blooked outClooked up Dlooked down20A.clouds BflowersCpeople Dhouses【解题导语】本文主要讲述了作者在中学期间和一名英语老师之间的故事。【核心词汇】adviser n顾问pen pal笔友concern n担心的事，关切的事1D根据上文中的“Mildred Webinga Freeman was an English teacher at the new middle school I attended in the ninth grade”和空后的“she was the adviser to the safety patrol(巡逻队)”可推知，Mildred Webinga Freeman不是作者的老师(teacher)，下文中的“and became pen pals”也是提示。2A根据语境并结合选项可知，作者当时也在巡逻队里。serve“为工作”。3B根据空前的“I loved being around her”可知，作者喜欢(enjoyed)老师的幽默感和善良的品质。4D根据上文中的“an English teacher”和“the adviser”可知，本句是对这位老师身份的补充说明。她也(also)是一个好的倾听者。5B根据语境可知，老师宣布(announced)了一个消息，她要搬到佛罗里达州了，作者感到很伤心。6A根据上文中的“At the end of the year, she _5_ that she was moving to Florida”和空后的“and became pen pals”可推知，作者和老师互换了地址(addresses)，成了笔友。7C根据上文中的“and became pen pals”与空后的“she treated me _8_ respect even though I was a teenager”可推知，作者与老师无话不谈，这与上文作者乐于和老师相处的背景呼应。故选C。8C固定搭配：treat sb.with sth.意为“以某种态度/方式对待某人”，符合语境，故选C。9B根据空后的“she managed to find time to write letters”可推知，上下文表示转折关系。故选B。10A根据上文中的“I loved being around her and _3_ her sense of humor and kind personality”可推知，老师很幽默，总是给作者讲一些好笑的(amusing)故事。11Ctake sb./sth.seriously为固定搭配，意为“认真对待某人/某事”。老师认真对待作者所关切的事情。12D根据下文中的“You are wele anytime”可推知，老师欢迎作者随时来访，an open invitation为习语，意为“随时可以来访的邀请”，符合语境，故选D。urgent“急迫的”；ambiguous“模棱两可的”。13C根据上文中的“We exchanged _6_ and became pen pals”可推知，作者写信(wrote)告诉老师，他接受她的提议(offer)。14A参见上题解析。offer“提供，提议”。15D因为作者要去看望老师，因此老师建议作者收拾行李(packed)，随时欢迎作者的到来。16A老师对诗歌、音乐和文学创作的热爱(love)激励(encouraged)着作者去努力。17B参见上题解析。18C一天，当老师正在把床单挂在晒衣绳上的时候，她抬头看(looked up)到了天空而有所感悟。while“当时”。19C参见上题解析。20A根据上文中的“You know, the sky is fuel for the soul”并结合选项可知，当时老师看了天空，此处指的应是天上的云(clouds)。四、七选五。How to run international meetingsAs more of us do business across cultures，its best to prepare ahead of time before heading to the meeting table.Here are four rules for different countries.Stick to the scheduleWhere：Germany，Austria，Japan Weve all been to meetings that have a loose agenda，if any at all.They dont start on time and they seem to repeat. 1 Japanese are more likely to create a detailed agenda and pass out supporting documents several days before a meeting. 2 Meetings that run long in Germany are often taken to mean that the parties are not municating efficiently. 3 Where：China，Malaysia，SingaporeDebating a topic can go against the traditional Chinese concept of“saving face”，which means avoiding any mistakes or actions that could bring embarrassment.Laughing at even an obviously amusing answer or pointing out a potential mistake can spoil the entire meeting.Enjoy the interruptionsWhere：Italy，France，SpainWhen Pascal Soboll meets with clients in Italy or Spain，hes no longer offended if they leave early or arrive late.Rather than attend the entire threehour meeting，he has learned that his colleagues thereand in some parts of Franceattend based on their own timetable. 4 Rather than expect people to sit through his entire presentation，he makes it easier for them to turn up as needed.Please，no small talkWhere：Finland，SwedenIn places like Finland and Sweden，where nonmeeting related discussions like chat about the weather can be regarded as a way to be off a formallyset agenda and as a waste of other peoples time.In some countries，including Finland，there are long pauses in the conversation. 5 These breaks are used as a way to process what the other person is saying without interrupting.ANot so in these countries.BGermans and Austrians are similar.CDont even think about a brainstorm.DTheres often no way to tell how things are going.EDont try to fill them，though，with small talk or anything else.FWhat do the long silences，idle chitchat and serious faces really mean in context?GFor Soboll，that means changing his own Germanbased expectations of client behaviour.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了在不同国家如何成功地召开会议。1A空处前两句介绍了常见的会议情况：时间安排松散，开会不准时，总是重复；结合空后的“Japanese are more likely to create a detailed agenda and pass out supporting documents several days before a meeting.”可知，日本人注意会议的细节，并在数天前就做好准备。据此可以判断，空处承上启下，说明并非所有的国家在开会时都会出现上述的情况：时间安排松散，开会不准时，总是重复。故A项正确。2B根据该部分中的“where：Germany，Austria，Japan”可知，该部分主要介绍德国、奥地利和日本的开会习惯；空前一句已经介绍了日本的情况，结合空后一句“Meetings that run long in Germany are often. efficiently.”可知，空处及下一句介绍德国和奥地利的开会习惯，故B项正确。3C根据空处位置可知，空处为该部分标题，是该部分的主旨；通读该部分可知，该部分第一句介绍了在中国开会应当认真讨论，以防发生尴尬，第二句介绍在开会时不要嘲笑有趣的答案或指出潜在的错误；据此可知，该部分主要介绍要严肃认真地讨论会议议题，就事论事，不需要在开会前有什么“头脑风暴”，故C项正确。4G根据上文中的“When Pascal Soboll.”和“Rather than. attend based on their own timetable.”以及空后一句可知，意大利人、法国人和西班牙人开会很随意，G项中的“Soboll”与该处相对应，故G项正确。5E根据该部分标题“Please，no small talk”和空前的“there are long pauses in the conversation”可知，选E项，E项中的“them”与“long pauses”对应。
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