2019届高三英语下学期一模试卷含解析与答案

2019 届高三英语下学期一模试卷含解析与答案注意事项：1答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。2选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用 2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。3非选择题的作答：用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。第卷(选择题，共 100 分)第一部分听力（共 20 小题，每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分）该部分分为第一、第二两节。注意：回答听力部分时，请先将答案标在试卷上。听力部分结束前，你将有两分钟的时间将你的答案转涂到客观题答题卡上。第一节（共 5 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 7.5 分）听下面 5 段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.What is the mans new science teacher like?A. Strange B. Serious C.Lively2. Where are the speakers probably?A. In a park B. In a library C.In a gym3. What can we learn from the conversation?A.The woman is a doctor.B.The man is a smoker.C.The man has felt better.4. What will the speakers probably do next?A. Go homeB. Go to see another filmC.Wait in the queue5. What are the speakers talking about?A. Future jobs B. School life C. Hobbies第二节（共 15 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 22.5 分）听下面 5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题 5 秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第 6 段材料，回答第 6 和第 7 两个小题。6. What might be the relationship between the speakers?A. Colleagues B. Roommates C. Neighbour7. What does the woman say about the subway?A. Its less reliable than a bus.B. Its not as much fun as driving.C. Its more convenient than a bus.听第 7 段材料，回答第 8 和第 9 两个小题。8. Where has the woman been to?A. Paris B. Brazil C. Canada9. What does the man like about Hawaii?A. Its warm climate in winterB. Its pretty sceneryC. Its beaches听第 8 段材料，回答第 10 至第 12 三个小题10.What does the man think of being a racing driver?A. Cool B. Dangerous C. Exciting11.What does the woman want to be ?A. A firefighter B. A tour guide C. A racing driver12.What is the probable relationship between the speakers?A. SchoolmatesB. Brother and sisterC. Teacher and student听第 9 段材料，回答第 13 至第 16 四个小题。13.What are the speakers doing?A. Complaining about the weatherB. Making a plan for Family DayC. Celebrating Family Day14. What was the weather like last Sunday?A. Rainy B. Sunny C. Cloudy15.What will the speakers do in the daytime tomorrow?A. Watch a playB. Have a picnicC. Go hiking and fishing16. Where will th speakers stay tomorrow evening?A. At home B. In a theatre C. In a stadium听第 10 段材料，回答第 17 至第 20 四个小题。17.Who is the speaker?A. A trainer B. A manager C. A new member18.What class is on Tuesday morning?A. A yoga class B. A Tai Chi class C. A dancing class19. What can people do in the gym?A. Play tennis B. Life weights C. Ride a bicycle20.When are the healthy drinks served?A. From 9:00 am to 5:00 pmB. From 9:00 am to 10:00 pmC. From 7:00 pm to 8:00 pm第二部分阅读理解（共 20 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 40 分）第一节阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和 D）中，选出最佳选项，在答题卡上将该选项的标号涂黑。(A)Your 2018 Reading List, Provided by Bill GatesMost of us cant live like billionaire Microsoft co-founder Bill Gates, but we can read like him. Gates recommended four books in 2018though some were published earlier.Leonardo da Vinci, by Walter Isaacson (2017)The bestselling biographer of Steve Jobs and Albert Einstein researched deeply into da Vincis contributions beyond art, highlighting the breadth of his scientific, technological, and creative output. “Leonardo nearly understood almost all of what was known on the planet at the time. Thats mostly because of his curiosity about every area of natural science and the human experience,” said Gates.The Best We Could Do: An Illustrated Memoir, by Thi Bui (2017)Gates calls this graphic novel “really impressive”. Bui is the daughter of Vietnamese refugees who came to America after the fall of Saigon, and becoming a parent inspired her to look into her own parents miserable history. “I was struck by how the experiences Bui illustrates manage to be both universal and specific to their circumstances,” said Gates.Lincoln in the Bardo, by George Saunders (2018)Saunders, a long-time short story writer, won high praise for this novel. The book imagines the ghosts that haunt (萦绕 ) the basement of Willie Lincoln, Abraham Lincolns son, who died at 11 in real life. “Willies death after the Civil War made the president have a new understanding of the grief hes creating in other families by sending their sons off to die in battle,” said Gates.Origin Story: A Big History of Everything, by David Christian (2018)This new book is by the creator of Big History, a free, online social studies course. It traces history in wide, sweeping movements, starting with the Big Bang, and it provides, in effect, a short course in modern science. This is a brief history of the universe. “David gets a little stuck on the current economic and political problems in the West, and I wish he talked more about the role innovation will play in preventing the worst effects of climate change,” said Gates.1. Which books refer to the field of science?A. Origin Story and Leonardo da Vinci.B. Lincoln in the Bardo and Origin Story.C. Leonardo da Vinci and The Best We Could Do.D. The Best We Could Do and Lincoln in the Bardo.2. If you are interested in thrillers, whose book will you most probably choose?A. Walter Isaacson. B. Thi Bui.C. George Saunders. D. David Christian.3. Which of the following statements is TRUE?A. The Best We Could Do is an autobiography.B. Lincoln in the Bardo has been warmly received.C. David Christian talks much about the part that innovation will play.D. Readers can only read about Leonardo da Vincis contributions towards art.【答案】1. A 2. C 3. B【解析】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了由比尔盖茨在 2018 年推荐的四本书，这四本书包括：Leonardo da Vinci, The Best We Could Do: An Illustrated Memoir, Lincoln in the Bardo,以及 Origin Story: A Big History of Everything。【1 题详解】细节理解题。最后一段第二句“it provides, in effect, a short course in modern science.”可知 Origin Story 这本书提供了一门现代科学的短期课程，涉及到了科学领域，故选 A。【2 题详解】细节理解题。倒数第二段的第二句“The book imagines the ghosts that haunt (萦绕) the basement of Willie Lincoln”可知 Lincoln in the Bardo, by George Saunders 这本书是属于惊悚题材的，故对惊悚小说感兴趣可以读本书，可以去阅读 George Saunders 的书，故选 C。【3 题详解】判断推理题。根据倒数第二段第一句“Saunders, a long-time short story writer, won high praise for this novel.”可知 Saunders 凭借 Lincoln in the Bardo 赢得了高度赞扬，可推理 Lincoln in the Bardo 这本书很受欢迎。故选 B。(B)I sat with my friend in a well-known coffee shop in a neighboring town of Venice. As we enjoyed our coffee, a man called the waiter and placed his order, “Two cups of coffee, one on the wall.” We got interested and observed that he was served with one cup of coffee but he paid for two. As soon as he left, the waiter attached a piece of paper to the wall saying “A Cup of Coffee.” Similar occasions took place twice while we were there. It seemed that this gesture was quite normal at this place. However, it was something unique and confusing for us.After a few days, when we again enjoyed coffee there, a man entered. The way this man was dressed did not match the standard or the atmosphere of this coffee shop. Poverty was evident from his looks. As he seated himself, he looked at the wall and said, “One cup of coffee from the wall.” The waiter served coffee to this man with respect and dignity. The man had his coffee and left without paying. We were amazed to watch all this when the waiter took off a piece of paper from the wall and threw it in the dustbin.Now it was no surprise for us; the matter was very clear. The great respect for the needy shown by people in this town moved us to tears.Coffee is not a necessity. However, the point is that when we take pleasure in any blessing, maybe we also need to think about those people who also appreciate that specific blessing but cannot afford.Note the waiter, who gets the communication going between the affording and the needy with a smile on his face. Think about the man in need: he enters the coffee shop without having to lower his self-dignity; he has a free cup of coffee without asking or knowing about who has given this cup of coffee to him; he only looked at the wall, placed an order for himself, enjoyed his coffee and left. Besides, we need to remember the role played by the wall that reflects the generosity and care of people in this town.4. What made the author interested as well as confused?A. The waiters making normal gestures.B. Customers buying coffee for the needy.C. The waiters attaching coffee orders on the wall.D. Customers paying for coffee and having it put on the wall.5. The author thought the man in need was _.A. not properly dressedB. obviously poorC. not right to leave without payingD. strange to order coffee from the wall6. In the authors opinion, coffee is _.A. necessary in our lifeB. respect shown for the needyC. a blessing to someone who cant affordD. a blessing everyone should have7. The passage is mainly concerned about _.A. learning from the waiterB. buying coffee for othersC. caring more about the people in needD. analyzing the characters in the coffee shop【答案】4. D 5. B 6. C 7. C【解析】本文为记叙文，文章讲述作者在一个著名的咖啡店看见的一幕，有人在点咖啡的时候，故意多点一杯，服务员会将一张写有“一杯咖啡”字样的纸贴在墙上，后来的穷人就可以要这杯咖啡，而不用花钱。【4 题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段 We got interested and observed that he was served with one cup of coffee but he paid for two.以及 Similar occasions took place twice while we were there.可知作者感兴趣并困惑的是顾客付两杯咖啡的钱，一杯自己享用，把另一杯咖啡的字条贴在墙上，后来的穷人就可以要这杯咖啡，而不用花钱，所以 D 符合题意。【5 题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段第三句 Poverty was evident from his looks.可知从他的外表来看，贫穷是显而易见的，所以选 B。【6 题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段第二句 However, the point is that when we take pleasure in any blessing, maybe we also need to think about those people who also appreciate that specific blessing but cannot afford.可知咖啡或许是人们对那些支付不起的人的一种祝福，故选 C。【7 题详解】主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了作者在一个著名的咖啡店看见的一幕，有人在点咖啡的时候，故意多点一杯，服务员会将一张写有“一杯咖啡”字样的纸贴在墙上，后来的穷人就可以要这杯咖啡，而不用花钱的故事，由此可以看出，本文传达的关心，关爱有需要的人，所以 C 正确。(C)LOS ANGELES, Nov. 12 (Xinhua)Legendary comic book writer Stan Lee has died at the age of 95, according to media reports on Monday.Lee, born in Stanley Lieber on Dec. 28th, 1922, began his career in 1939 and joined the Marvel Comics in 1961.He is considered as one of the most legendary names in the history of comic books and the leading creative force behind the rise of Marvel Comics. He co-created iconic fictional characters such as Spider-Man, X-Men, the Avengers, and many more.Lees characters often have super powers, but they also have weaknesses. They were humans, not gods. They not only struggled to save the world, but also to pay their bills, make friends, and hold jobs. This made Marvel comic book heroes stand apart from its competitor DC, which produced the seemingly perfect heroes like Superman and Wonder Woman. Those superheroes have been adapted into blockbuster films, most of which were made after Disney acquired Marvel in a 4-billion-dollar deal in 2009.In a statement, Bob Iger, chairman and CEO of the Walt Disney Company said Stan Lee was as extraordinary as the characters he created.Marvel also praised Lee on its website by putting on one of Lees famous quotes, which goes, “I used to be embarrassed because I was just a comic-book writer while other people were building bridges or going on to medical careers. And then I began to realize: entertainment is one of the most important things in peoples lives. Without it, they might go off the deep end. I feel that if youre able to entertain, youre doing a good thing. ”Praise from his Hollywood peers and colleagues was generous. President of Marvel Studios Kevin Feige appreciated Lees unparalleled impact on the industry. “No one has had more of an impact on my career than Stan Lee,” Feige said. “Our thoughts are with his family and the millions of fans who have been forever touched by Stans genius, charisma and heart.”8. How do Lees characters differ from those of DC?A. They are perfect heroes.B. They often have super powers.C. They are not humans, but gods.D. They have human shortcomings.9. We can learn from Lees statement in Paragraph 6 that _.A. it is embarrassing to be a comic-book writerB. a taste of entertainment is necessary in peoples livesC. entertainment is the most important thing in the worldD. you can do everything well if you are able to entertain10. According to the passage, we could know that _.A. Lee influenced Kevin Feiges career a lotB. Lee joined the Marvel Comics in his fortiesC. Lee created the fictional characters all by himselfD. The superheroes were adapted into films before Disney acquired Marvel11. What can be the best title for the passage?A. Comics Legendthe Marvels and DCB. The Superheroes in Stan Lees ComicsC. Marvels Comics Legend Stan Lee Dies at 95D. The Life Story of Marvel Comics Legend Stan Lee【答案】8. D 9. B 10. A 11. C【解析】这是一篇记叙文。主要记叙了著名漫画作者斯坦?李的生前事迹，他被认为是漫画史上最具传奇色彩的人物之一，也是漫威漫画崛起背后的主要创作力量。同时他也认为娱乐活动是人们生活中最重要的事情之一。【8 题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“Lees characters often have super powers, but they also have weaknesses.”可知 Lee 创作出的角色是有弱点的，结合下文“This made Marvel comic book heroes stand apart from its competitor DC”可知，这正是使得他所在公司漫威漫画公司不同于 DC 公司角色的原因。故选 D。【9 题详解】细节理解题。第六段倒数第二句“then I began to realize: entertainment is one of the most important things in peoples lives.”Lee 意识到娱乐是人们生活中最重要的事情之一，故选 B。【10 题详解】细节理解题。最后一段倒数第二句“No one has had more of an impact on my career than Stan Lee, ” Feige said.”可知 Feige 说没有人比斯坦?李对他的职业生涯影响更大了，故选 A。【11 题详解】主旨大意题。文章属于人物传记类文章，主要围绕斯坦?李的生前事迹进行展开。且文章第一段第一句已经点明“Legendary comic book writer Stan Lee has died at the age of 95”斯坦李的去世是写这篇文章的初衷，故综合选项 C 选项最切合题意。(D)Chinese scientists recently have produced two monkeys with the same gene, Zhong Zhong and Hua Hua, using the same technique that gave us Dolly the sheep. These monkeys are not actually the first primates（灵长类）to be cloned. Another one named Tetra was produced in the late 1990s by embryo（胚胎）splitting, the division of an early-stage embryo into two or four separate cells to make clones. By contrast, they were each made by replacing an egg cell nucleus（原子核） with DNA from a differentiated body cell. This Dolly method, known as somatic cell nuclear transfer（SCNT）, can create more clones and allows researchers greater control over the edits they make to the DNA.Success came from adopting several new techniques. These included a new type of microscopy to better view the cells during handling or using several materials that encourage cell reprogramming, which hadnt been tried before on primates. Still, the research process proved difficult, and many attempts by the team failed. Just two healthy baby monkeys born from more than 60 tested mothers. This leads to many researchers pouring water on the idea that the teams results bring scientists closer to cloning humans. They thought this work is not a stepping stone to establishing methods for obtaining live born human clones. Instead, this clearly remains a very foolish thing to attempt, it would be far too inefficient, far too unsafe, and it is also pointless.But the scientists involved emphasize that this is not their goal. There is now no barrier for cloning primate species, thus cloning humans is closer to reality. However, their research purpose is entirely for producing non-human primate models for human diseases; they absolutely have no intention, and society will not permit this work to be extended to humans. Despite limitations, they treat this breakthrough a novel model system for scientists studying human biology and disease.12. What do we know about the technology called SCNT?A. It created the first two primates.B. It may contribute to editing the DNA.C. It can divide an early-stage embryo into several cells.D. It produced two cloned monkeys with different genes.13. What does the author mean by “pouring water on the idea” in paragraph 2?A. Keeping a hot topic of it.B. Attaching no importance to it.C. Having a low opinion of it.D. Adding supportive evidence to it.14. What is the scientists purpose to clone these monkeys?A. To prepare for their research on human cloning.B. To serve as a stepping stone to their reputation.C. To help with the study of human diseases.D. To raise money for holding an exhibition of novels.15. What can we infer from the passage?A. Cloning humans is already on its way.B. New techniques seem to be pointless.C. Society wont agree to clone another monkey.D. The success rate of cloning a monkey was not high.【答案】12. B 13. C 14. C 15. D【解析】本文是一篇科普类的文章。被称作 SCNT 的高科技可能有助于编辑DNA。本文中科学家们克隆这些猴子的目的是帮助研究人类疾病。【12 题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句 This Dolly method, known as somatic cell nuclear transfer（SCNT）, can create more clones and allows researchers greater control over the edits they make to the DNA.可知，SCNT 可能有助于编辑 DNA。故 B 项正确。【13 题详解】词义猜测题。根据第二段中 Still, the research process proved difficult, and many attempts by the team failed. Just two healthy baby monkeys born from more than 60 tested mothers. This leads to many researchers pouring water on the idea that the teams results bring scientists closer to cloning humans.可知在第二段中 “pouring water on the idea”的意思是“对它的评价很低。 ”故 C 项正确。【14 题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中 However, their research purpose is entirely for producing non-human primate models for human diseases; they ly have no intention, and society will not permit this work to be extended to humans.可知，科学家们克隆这些猴子的目的是帮助研究人类疾病。故 C 项正确。【15 题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段最后两句 They thought this work is not a stepping stone to establishing methods for obtaining live born human clones. Instead, this clearly remains a very foolish thing to attempt, it would be far too inefficient, far too unsafe, and it is also pointless.和最后一段最后一句 Despite limitations, they treat this breakthrough a novel model system for scientists studying human biology and disease.可知，克隆一只猴子的成功率并不高。故 D 项正确。第二节 （共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。All over the world people are hooked on sports, which help them to strengthen their body and build their character. _16_ They improve the participants physical skills, and provide entertainment for the audience as well.Many people like to watch others play games. _17_ Often they get very excited when “their” player or team wins. If they are crazy about the game or the player, then theyll become their die-hard fans. Some sports are so interesting that people everywhere go in for them. Football, for example, has spread around the world. Swimming is popular in countries near the sea or in those with many rivers. _18_ And think of people in cold countries. Masses of people love to skate or ski in Japan, Norway or Canada._19_ Chinese boxing, also has a very long history. But basketball and volleyball are rather new, which started in the late of the nineteenth century. People are inventing new sports or games all the time. Water skiing, as a modern game, is one of the newest in the family of sports.People from different countries or races may not be able to understand each other, but after a game, they get to know each other better and they often become good friends. _20_ They learn to fight hard but fight fair, to win without pride and to lose with grace. They also learn to be competitive and optimistic, which will equip them for life challenges in the future.A. They buy tickets or turn on the TV to watch the games.B. What fun it is to jump into a pool or lake, whether in China, Egypt or Italy!C. Some sports or games date back thousands of years, like running or jumping.D. Sports help to train a persons character.E. Chinese people liked doing sports even in ancient times.F. Sports are competitive physical activities or games through casual or organized participation.G. And the friendship may last for a life time.【答案】16. F 17. A 18. B 19. C 20. D【解析】运动帮助人们保持身体健康，快乐，帮助人们长寿。运动随季节而变化。有的运动太有趣了，各地的人都参与进来。有的运动项目历史很长，有的则很短。不同国家的人互相听不懂对方的话，但运动能使互不认识的人成为好朋友。运动也能帮助培养人的性格。【16 题详解】考查对上下文语境的理解。上句说的是全世界的人都喜欢运动，运动增强人的体质，锻炼人的性格。下句说的是，它们能改善参与者的身体技能也能给予观众快乐。可知这里用 F（运动是竞争性的活动或者游戏通过随意或者有组织的参加。 ）符合上下文。故选 F。【17 题详解】考查对上下文语境的理解。空前句意：很多人喜欢看别人比赛。空后句意：通常他们会很激动当”他们的”运动员或者团队胜利时。可知这里 A（他们买票或者打开电视机看他们比赛。 ）符合上下文。故选 A。【18 题详解】考查对上下文语境的理解。上文说的游泳在靠海或者有很多河流的国家很受欢迎。再联系下句：想一下寒冷地区的人们，大量的人们喜欢在日本，挪威或者加拿大滑雪或者滑冰。可知这里用 B（在中国，埃及或者意大利，跳进池塘里或者湖里是多么的有趣！）符合上下文。故选 B。【19 题详解】考查对上下文语境的理解。联系下句，中国拳击也有很长的历史。可知上句介绍的是有很长历史的运动。可知这里用 C