初中高中英语语法动名词用法详细讲解.ppt

V ing形式 一 含义动词的 ing形式是非谓语动词的一种形式 不能单独充当谓语 二 构成1 构成 动词原形 ing2 规则 一般情况 直接 ing 以不发音的e结尾 去e ing 以重读闭音节结尾 末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词 双写这个辅音字母再加ing 以ie结尾 变ie为y ing 例 die dying lie lying 关键词 含义构成特征分类成分用法形式运用 三 特征1 动词的 ing形式具有名词 形容词和副词等词的特点 2 动词的 ing形式由动词变来 所以保留了动词的某些特征 如它可以有自己的宾语 状语等 Heenjoyslisteningtoviolinmusic playingmah jong swimmingandreading 四 分类1 动名词 动词的 ing形式相当于名词在句中的用法 2 现在分词 具有动词的特征 可以表示一个正在进行的 主动的动作 小结 doing为非谓语动词 由do原形 ing构成 不能单独充当谓语 可以充当1 主语2 宾语3 表语4 定语5 状语6 宾语补足语 doing 现在分词 动名词 具有名词 动词的特性 具有adj adv 的特性 成分 形式 做主语和宾语的肯定是 做状语和宾补的肯定是 Examples 1 Seeingisbelieving 动名词做主语和宾语 2 Becarefulwhilecrossingthestreet 现在分词做时间状语 3 IheardhersinginganEnglishsongwhenIpassedbyherroomyesterday 现在分词做宾语补足语 动名词 现在分词 1 做主语 例句呈现 1 Sincethen findingwaystogrowmorericehasbeenhislifegoal 2 Spendingmoneyonhimselforleadingacomfortablelifealsomeansverylittletohim 3 Justdreamingforthings however costsnothing 五 用法 小结 1 特征 单个的动词 ing形式作主语 谓语动词用单数 2 句型 1 doing作主语句型 Doing V O2 但有些含有动名词的句型 为避免句子主语太长 通常用it作形式主语 ing形式作真正的主语 下面列举几种最常见的句型 Eg It snousecryingoverspilt 倾倒出 milk It be nogood usedoing 做 无益 无用 It sawasteoftimethinkinghardaboutthepast It be awasteoftimedoing 做 是浪费时间Thebookisworthreading It be worthdoing 做 值得Thereisnoharmindoingso There be no n in doing 做 没有 2 作宾语 动词宾语和介词宾语 Hefinishedreadingthebookyesterday IenjoylearningEnglish 动词宾语 IamfondofwatchingTV 介词宾语 动词 宾语 只接doing 只接todo doing和todo皆可 意义区别很大 doing和todo皆可 意义区别不大 以下动词须用doing做宾语 1 记忆口诀 双P延期两建议否认错过了练习考虑完成不耽搁喜欢设想不介意面对坚持不放弃避免冒险请原谅 对应单词 postpone putoff suggest advisedeny miss practiceconsider finish delayfancy enjoy appreciate imagine mindface insiston giveupavoid risk excuse forgive 2 need require want doing needtobedon注意 主动表被动动词want need require作 需要 解时 后面的动词用动名词作宾语时 且与句子主语有逻辑上的动宾关系 这个动名词的主动式表示被动意义 3 giveup can thelp lookforward havetrouble doingEg1 Mycoatneedswashing Mycoatneedstobewashed Eg2 Ilookforwardtoreceivingyourletter 下列动词常以动词不定式 todo 作宾语 三个希望两答应两个要求莫拒绝设法学会做决定不要假装在选择 hope wish want agree promisedemand ask refusemanage learn decidepretend choose 想要拒绝命令需要努力学习 期望同意帮助希望决定开始 want refuse orderneed try learnexpect agree helphope wish decide begin start 有些动词既可接 ing 又可接todo作宾语 区别不是很大 like love hate begin start continue intend prefer etc Helikessinging Helikestosing 1 Imustremembertotakemynotebookwithme Irememberseeinghersomewherebefore remembertodosth 记得要做某事 rememberdoingsth 记得做过某事 类似词 forget regret mean stop try etc 有些动词后既可以接doing又可以接todo作宾语 意思上有明显差别 2 Iforgottoposttheletter Iforgotpostingtheletter forgettodosth 忘记要做某事 forgetdoingsth 忘记做过某事 3 Iregrettotellyouthatyoucan tworkhereanymore Iregretnottakingyouradvice regrettodosth对马上要发生的事抱歉 遗憾 常和say tell inform等词连用 regretdoingsth 后悔做过某事 4 Ididnotmeantohurtyou Thatmeansgivingupmyjob meantodosth 有 的意图 打算 想 meandoingsth 意味着 5 Hestoppedtosing Hestoppedsinging stoptodosth 停下来正在做的事 去做另一件事 stopdoingsth 停止正在做的事情 6 Wemusttrytogeteverythingdoneontime Let strydoingtheworksomeotherway trytodosth 设法 努力做某事trydoingsth 尝试做某事 7 Hesaidnothingbutjustwentonworking Afterherearlyteachingcareershewentontobecomeadoctor goondoingsth 继续做同一件事goontodosth 做完某事 接着做另一件事8 Ican thelptofinishherwork becauseIhaven tfinishedmineyet Ican thelpcryingwhenIheardthenews can thelptodosth 不能帮助做某事can thelpdoingsth 情不自禁做某事 Completethesesentences 1 Ifyoucankeep read Englishnewspapers yourEnglishwillbeimproved 2 Hehaspromised come tomybirthdayparty 3 Ihate tell lies 4 Iwillneverforget go toBeijingwithhimlastsummer Iforgot tell herthenews sosheknewnothingaboutit reading tocome telling totell going totell 3 作表语HisjobisteachingEnglish teachingEnglishishisjob Sheiswashingthedishes Washingthedishesisshe 动名词做表语 现在分词做表语 现在分词与动名词做表语的区别 动名词做表语表示主语内容 主语表语可交换位置 现在分词做表语说明主语的性质 特征 主语和表语不可交换位置 Practice 1 Learningismyduty 2 Thenewsisencouraging 动名词做表语 现在分词做表语 4 作定语a thelaughingaudience anamusingstory DustinHoffmanisfamousforhisroleactingasawoman 短语后置 Thegirlsingingonthestageismysister Compare Theamusingplay theplaythatisamusing Thegirlsingingonthestage Thegirlwhoissingingonthestage 现在分词与动名词作定语的区别 现在分词单独做定语时 放在所修饰的名词 说明其修饰名词的动作 性质或特征 它与被修饰的名词是逻辑上的主动关系 且可以转换成定语从句 动名词做定语说明被修饰名词的功能或用途 一般是单个动名词 放在被修饰名词之 可以转换成for短语 表示 供作 之用 前 前 awalkingstick astickforwalking apoolforswimming asleepingboy amovingstory astorythatmovespeople aboywhoissleeping aswimmingpool 动词 ing形式如果是短语 应放在所修饰的名词 相当于 1 Theyarevisitorscomingfromseveralcountries whocomefromseveralcountries 2 ThreedayslaterIreceivedaletterofferingmethejob whichofferedmethejob 3 Thegirlstandingthereismyclassmate whostandsthere 4 Themanspeakingtotheteacherismyfather 后 定语从句 whoisspeakingtotheteacher Step2 Theboywhoiscomingtodinnerthiseveningisaclassmateofmine Step1 TheboyiscomingtodinnerthiseveningHeisaclassmateofmine Step3 Theboycomingtodinnerthiseveningisaclassmateofmine Wrong TheboyiscomingtodinnerthiseveningisaclassmateofmineTherearesomepeoplearewaitingatthebusstop x 5 现在分词作状语 现在分词作状语时 分词的逻辑主语必须是句子的主语 分词必须和句中的主语含有逻辑上的主谓关系 否则不能用现在分词作状语 但要注意它的各种形式变化 Trueorfalse 1 Seeingfromthetop theschoollooksmorebeautiful 2 Seeingfromthetop wefindtheschoolmorebeautiful F T 6 形式 时态和语态 doing havingdone havingbeendone beingdone notbeingdone nothavingdone notdoing nothavingbeendone Eg Hearingthebell thestudentsbegantoentertheclassroom 听见铃声 学生们开始走进教室 听见和进入两个动作同时或基本同时发生 Thebuildingbeingbuiltnowisournewlibrary 现在正在建造地这栋楼房室我们地新图书馆 beingbuilt为现在分词的被动形式 表示动作正在进行之中 Havingdonethework hewenthome havingdonethework为现在分词的完成式 表示动作先于谓语动词发生 Alltheticketshavingbeensoldout theywentawaydisappointedly 所有的票已经卖光了 他们失望地离开了 havingbeensoldout为现在分词的完成式 表示动作先于谓语动词发生 Walkinginthestreet Icameacrossanoldfriendofmine WhenIwaswalkinginthestreet Icameacrossanoldfriendofmine Whilewaitingforthebus hereadacopyofChinaDaily While thebus hereadacopyofChinaDaily 1 表时间状语 Iwaswaitingfor 2 表原因状语Beingill hedidn tgotoschool Ashewasill hedidn tgotoschool Beingastudent youshouldstudyhard Since astudentyoushouldstudyhard 既然你是一个学生 你就应该努力学习 由于想到它或许在家 所以我就给他打了电话 Thinkinghemightbeathome Icalledhim As hemightbeathome Icalledhim youare Ithought 3 表方式 伴随情况的状语 作伴随状语的分词表示的动作 必须是主语的一个动作 或是与谓语所表示的动作 或状态 同时发生 或是对谓语表示地动词 或状态 作进一步地补充说明 Eg Hesatonthesofa watchingTV Hesatonthesofa andwatchedTV 我们乘车游览了许多地方 Travellingbycar wevisitedamanyplaces We bycarandvisitedmanyplaces traveled 他们笑着谈着走进了教室 theywentintotheclassroom 他斜靠 lean 着墙站着 Hestoodleaningagainstthewall He and againstthewall Laughingandtalking They and andtheywentintotheclassroom laughed talked leaned stood 4 表结果Eg Hermotherdiedin1990 leavingherwithheryoungerbrother Hermotherdiedin1990 andleftherwithheryoungerbrother 全国到处在传唱这首歌曲 使它成了一首最受欢迎地歌曲 Thesongissungalloverthecountry makingitthemostpopularsong Thesongissungalloverthecountry andthis itthemostpopularsong makes 5 表条件 Usingyourhead youwillfindaway Ifyouuseyourhead youwillfindaway 一直往前走 你就会看到一座白色地房子 youwillseeawhitehouse Walkingahead Ifyou youwillseeawhitehouse Workinghard youwillsucceed 努力吧 你会成功的 Ifyou youwillsucceed walkahead workhead 6 表让步 though although eventhoungh等 尽管拼命地工作 他一点都不觉得累 Workiinghard hedidn tfeelabittired Althoughheworkedhard hedidn tfeelabittired Knowingallthis theymademepayforthedamage Eventhoughthey theymademepayforthedamage 尽管知道了一切情况 他们还是要我赔偿损失 knewallthis 逻辑主语one sdoing DoyoumindTim ssmokinghere Excusemeformybeinglate Sheacceptedhisapologyforhisbeingrude one s 形容词型物主代词 人称代词宾格 名词所有格 动名词的复合结构 注意比较下面两个句子 它们有什么区别与联系 Idon tmindsmokinghere Idon tmindhissmokinghere 共同点 都是相当于名词不同点 动名词的复合结构有了自己的动作发出者 如 his谁抽烟 他抽 7 与逻辑主语构成独立主格 ing形式作状语时 它的逻辑主语必须与主句的主语是一致的 如果两者不构成主谓关系 只能用独立主格结构 也就是给现在分词补充一个主语 如果时间允许 我们将做另两个练习 Timepermitting we lldoanothertwoexercises If we lldoanothertwoexercises 分词的逻辑主语是time 而句子的主语是I 两者不构成主谓关系 所以只能用独立主格结构 也就是给现在分词补充一个主语 Iwaitingforthebus abirdfellonmyheard whenIforthebus abirdfellonmyheard timepermits waswaiting 独立主格中的注意事项 1 独立主格有时也可用with without 名词 代词宾格 分词形式Withthelightsburning hefellasleep 他点着灯睡着了 2 有些固定用法作独立成分 悬垂分词 Judgingfrom by hisappearance hemustbeanactor generallyspeaking franklyspeaking considering taking inconsideration totellyouthetruth etc 6 Doing作宾语补足语 句中的谓语动词通常为a 感官动词 如 see notice watch hear listento feel observe find sb doing Weheardthechildrensinginginherroom Wewatchedthechildrendivingintothewaterfromthetopboard b 役使动词 表示 使 让 的意思 keepsbdoing保持 leavesbdoing使处于 getsb sthdoing让做havesbdoing让 做 setsb sthdoing 使 We llsoonhaveyouwalkingagain 我们会不久让你重新走起来 Ileavethemachinerunningallday 我让机器整天运转着 Moreexamples Step1 Peoplesawthepolice Thepolicewerebreakingthewindowwithahammer 简单句 Step2 Peoplesawthepolicewhowerebreakingthewindowwithahammer 定语从句 Step3 Peoplesawthepolicebreakingthewindowwithahammer doing短语作宾补 1 Eugene sneverwillingtoalteranyofhisopinions It snouse withhim 06年上海高考 toargueB arguingC arguedD havingargued 2 Victorapologizedfor toinformmeofthechangeintheplan 04年上海高考 A hisbeingnotableB himnottobeableC hisnotbeingableD himtobenotable 7 运用 Grammarwork语法专练 3 I llneverforget Parisforthefirsttime A tovisitB visitC visitingD visited 4 Iregret hardatschool A nottostudyB nothavingstudiedC notstudyD havingnotstudied 5 Theoldmanneeds lookafterB lookingafterC beinglookedafterD tolookafter 6 Theproblemisworth AdiscussingB discussCbeingdiscussedD discussed7 Pleaseremember thelightsbefore theclassroom A turnoff leaveB toturnoff leavingC turningoff leaveD turningoff leaving 8 isbelieving toseeB SeeingC SeeD havingseen 9 Don tleavethewater whileyoubrushyourteeth A runB runningC beingrunD torun 10 John sbadhabitis withoutthoroughunderstanding A readB beingreadC tobereadD reading 11 inthequeueofhalfanhour Tomsuddenlyrealizedthathehadlefthiswalletathome A TowaitB HavewaitedC HavingwaitedD Tohavewaited 12 Thepicture onthewallispaintedbymynephew A HavinghungB hangingC hangsD beinghung 13 suchheavypollutionalready itmaynowbetoolatetocleanuptheriver A HavingsufferedB SufferingC TosufferD Suffered 14 Helookedaroundandcaughtaman hishandintothepocketofapassenger A putB tobeputtingC toputD putting 15 TellMarythatthere ssomeone forheratthedoor A waitingB waitedC waitsD towait 16 The waitercameuptousandsaid Youarewelcome A smilingB smiledC smileD tosmile