初中英语总复习完形填空解题技巧.ppt

完形填空 解题技巧 一 完形填空的特点是什么 完形填空是一种旨在考查学生语法和词汇知识综合运用能力的典型题 难易程度与初中教材相当 词数在180 250左右 文中平均每隔25个词左右设空 学生通过推理判断 综合分析等将答案填入空白处 使短文前后连贯 意思通顺 结构完整合理 二 完形填空的设空规律有哪些 一 从文章结构看 首句通常不设空 以便考生对短文前提和背景有个较清楚的了解 从而使考生尽快熟悉语境 推测文章大意 2 短文设空平均密度为25个单词一个空 中考完形填空抛弃了传统的 语法知识型 命题模式 转变成 情境能力型 的命题趋势 它的一个显著特点就是突出语篇 即重在文意的干扰 把具体的语言知识融进具体的语言情境中去 考查学生通过上下文对整体文意进行把握的能力 二 完形填空的设空规律有哪些 二 从语言层次看考点设计对把握语段的要求在提高 我们可以把考点分为三个层次 即句子层次 句群层次和语篇层次 句子层次的设空 例 2007年中考英语试卷完形填空四选一保留原题号 I90youwereverybusythenhelpingyourfriendgetreadyforherwedding Iamsureitwasasuccess A rememberB explainC hopeD expect 答案 A 指那些只需读懂设空所在句便可选出答案的题目 二 完形填空的设空规律有哪些 2 句群层次的设空 前制性设空 后制性设空 指根据上下文的内容 经过推理判断可以得到答案的题目 即根据上文有关内容即可确定答案的题目 指那些需要根据下文内容才能选出正确答案的题目 下文某处有提示 二 完形填空的设空规律有哪些 前制性设空例 MrHuisournewEnglishteacher He knowallofus sohehasournewnamesonapieceofpaperand ournamesbeforehebeginshislessons 1 A doesn tB don tC doesD do2 A givesB callsC asksD tells 后制性设空例 1 Nobody himinthevillage Onedayhesaidtothem Iknowyoudon tlikeme A believedB likedC hatedD knew2 Countrymusiccomesfrom kindsofmusic OneisthetraditionalmusicoftallmountainpeopleintheeasternUnitedStates TheotheristraditionalcowboymusicfromtheAmericanWest A manyB allC twoD three B B C 二 完形填空的设空规律有哪些 3 语篇性设空IworkasavolunteerforanorganizationthathelpsthepoorinHaiti RecentlyItookmysonBarrettthereforaweek hopingto1him achievedallI dexpected Soonhewillcelebratehis18thbirthday Hewillbeaman 最后一句话 1 A comfortB pleaseC attractD educate D 指那些需要联系全文的情境 内容才能确定正确答案的设空 四 解题技巧点拨 一 二 三 细读首句 跳过空格 通读全文 掌握大意 理解词义 瞻前顾后 先易后难 各个击破 复读全文 逐个核对 验证答案 坚定信心 三 真题演练 2009上海中考试卷完形填空 Sometimesyoumaynotunderstandyourparents Oneminutethey refriendly thenextminutethey reshoutingandscreamingloudlyenoughforthewholestreettohear Sowhomakesthemso85 You probably Whenyoutakeyourclothesoff rememberto86 Getintothehabitoftakingglassesandplatesdowntothekitchen Beforelongyou llbedoingitwithoutthinking Eventhoughyoumaynotrealizeit yourparentshaveboughtyoumanyclothes Butthey renotbuyingthemselvesnewthingseveryweek arethey Thesimpletruthisthattherearemore87thingstospendmoneyon liketheelectricitybillandfood Youmayhatemissingapartytovisitsomeboringoldrelatives Theymaygoonandonaboutwhatasweetbabyyouwere Youhavenochoicebuttolisten Evenifyou88 yourparentswon tchangetheirminds Parentsliketoshowofftheirfamily Thebestthingyoucandoistohelpentertainyourrelatives Yourparentswillbesopleasedwithyouafterwardsthatthey llprobablyallowyoutogotothenexttwo89 三 真题演练 Youmightnotwanttoeat butthinkofitfromtheparents pointofview Ifyoucooktwomealsaday itmeans730mealsayear Canyouimaginehowboringthiscanget Imaginehowyourparentsfeelwhenyousayyou renotreallyhungry 90 yourparentsareprobablyworriedthatyouaren teatingenough Eatfewersnacksandleaveroomforyourmeals Finally offerto91afterthemeal Youroffermaynotbeaccepted butyourparentswillbepleased 85 A friendlyB lonelyC changeableD comfortable 86 A hangthemupB leavethemaloneC putthemonD throwthemaway 87 A interestingB difficultC importantD surprising 88 A agreeB complainC listenD win 89 A concertsB meetingsC classesD parties 90 A InadditionB InreturnC AtmostD Atlast 91 A dothecookingB laythetableC buysomesnacksD washthedishes C A C B D A D 三 真题演练 解析 85 前制性设空 文章第一段提出 父母的态度往往会令你感到诧异 他们有时是那么友好 忽然间又会生气地大声嚷嚷 由此可以看出 他们的态度是那么地易变changeable 所以 本题答案为C 86 句子层次的设空 青少年应该培养良好的生活习惯 例如 在家脱衣后应该及时挂上 B项leavethemalone表示 让它们独自留下 C项putthemup表示 把他们穿上 D项throwthemaway表示 把它们扔掉 以上答案显然均不符合文章意思 而A项hangthemup正是 把衣服挂上 的意思 所以答案为A 87 后制性设空 家长会给孩子买许多衣服 但他们不会经常为自己购物 那是因为他们要考虑维持家庭生计 他们往往把钱花在更重要的事情上 所以答案为C 88 前制性设空 你有时会去拜访那些无聊又年长的亲戚 他们会一遍又一遍地唠叨你小时候的乖巧可爱 而你只能洗耳恭听 Theymaygoonandonaboutwhatasweetbabyyouwere Youhavenochoicebuttolisten 显然 你会对此而抱怨 但家长们仍不以为然 yourparentswon tchangetheirminds 所以本题答案为B 三 真题演练 解析 89 前制性设空 如果能帮助招待好你的亲戚 你的家长会感到十分满意 也会允许你出席以后的更多的这种聚会 选项A B C与聚会无关 应予淘汰 所以 本题答案为D 90 语篇性设空 每日吃饭时 应该想到家长的艰辛 当你说你并不饿时 家长不但会有内心的不快 另外会担心你吃得过少而影响身体 Imaginehowyourparentsfeelwhenyousayyou renotreallyhungry yourparentsareprobablyworriedthatyouaren teatingenough 根据文章内容 空格处应填入 除此之外 的意思 所以本题答案为A 91 前制性设空 文章结尾告诫我们要少吃零食 要留出吃饭的空间 Eatfewersnacksandleaveroomforyourmeals 饭后也要提出帮助父母做些事情 尽管有时不会得到他们的许可 从四个选项中 我们可以看到D项符合饭后可做的事 A项dothecooking表示 煮饭 B项laythetable表示 摆餐具 饭桌 均发生在饭前 C项buysomesnacks与上文 少吃零食 的论述矛盾 所以答案为D 五 实践演练 1 2008上海中考试卷完形填空 WhenIwasfifteenIwenttoasummercamp Therewerelotsofgreat90buttherewasonethingIwasreallyscared 害怕 about climbingthewall Thewallisakindofrockthatpeopleusetolearnhowtoclimb Itisverytall Wewereallsupposedtoclimbthewall butIknewIcouldn tgettothetopbecauseIam91heights IwasashamedandIdidn twantanyonetoknowthatIwasscared Ithoughttheywouldalllaughatme Ipracticedmyexcuse I mnotscared youknow Isufferfromvertigo 患眩晕症 Thedaycame Itwastimetoclimbthewall Thesunwasshiningbuteveryonewasveryquietthatmorning Itookphotographsatthebottomofthewallandtriedto92 Everyoneinthegroupwentup Thenthemomentcame Itwasmyturn IwassoscaredthatallIcouldthinkaboutwasmyexcuse Someonesaid ShallItakeyourcamera andIanswered I mnotscared youknow Isufferfromvertigo The93wasthatIwasmorethanscared Iwasterrified 吓坏了 Thecampleadersaid Don tworry youdon thavetodoanythingyoudon twanttodo Iwassurprised Everyonewasunderstanding Noone94 五 实践演练 1 Thenextday theleaderaskedmeifIwantedtotrythewallonmyown 95theotherswatching AlthoughIwasstillverynervousIagreedandclimbedslowlytothetopwithhishelp IwasstillshakingwhenIcame96 butIwasreallyhappyandrelievedtoo Forme climbingthewallwasarealachievement 90 A activitiesB operationsC accidentsD exams 91 A pooratB goodatC afraidofD fondof 92 A goB hideC appearD run 93 A truthB situationC storyD reason 94 A jumpedB cheeredC smiledD laughed 95 A withB withoutC amongD behind 96 A inB outC upD down A C B A D B D 五 实践演练 1 解析 90 阅读文章可知 作者15岁时去参加夏令营 参加了许多很棒的活动 但是有一件事令他很害怕 那就是攀岩 所以答案为A 91 那墙是人们用来学习攀岩的 但作者知道他爬不到顶部因为他有恐高症 Wewereallsupposedtoclimbthewall butIknewIcouldn tgettothetopbecauseIam heights 所以答案为C 92 尽管怕 活动的日子还是到了 作者在墙脚下拍了照片后试图躲藏起来 所以答案为B 93 但是还是轮到作者攀岩了 他极其害怕 但他对同伴们说自己并不害怕 这是因为患有眩晕症的缘故 事实上他内心简直是吓坏了 andIanswered I mnotscared youknow Isufferfromvertigo The wasthatIwasmorethanscared Iwasterrified 所以答案为A 五 实践演练 1 解析 94 队长见到此景 告诉他不必勉强攀岩 这使作者十分惊奇 周围的人是如此地通情达理 没有人强求他做什么 也没有人嘲笑他 Thecampleadersaid Don tworry youdon thavetodoanythingyoudon twanttodo Iwassurprised Everyonewasunderstanding Noone 所以答案为B 95 第二天 队长问他是否想在没有人观看的情况下单独尝试一下 Thenextday theleaderaskedmeifIwantedtotrythewallonmyown theotherswatching 所以答案为B 96 作者在队长的帮助下终于慢慢地爬到了墙顶 当他下来的时候仍然浑身发抖 但是成就感使他感到十分的高兴和宽慰 Iagreedandclimbedslowedtothetopwithhishelp IwasstillshakingwhenIcame butIwasreallyhappyandrelievedtoo Forme climbingthewallwasarealachievement 所以答案为D 五 实践演练 2 2010上海中考试卷完形填空 Everydaycarskillorhurtmanypeopleonroads Sometimesthedriversdrivetoofastordonot drivecarefullyenough Someofthem85thetrafficrulesandcauseaccidents Accordingtosomeresearches itisusuallythepedestrians 行人 whocausetheaccidents Alotofroadusersareverycareless Theywalkorrunacrosstheroads86thecars Theywalkintheroadsbutnotonthewalkways Theygetintooroutofcarsinthemiddleoftheroad Somedonottakethetroubleto87thegreenlightsandsimplycrosstheroadsagainsttheredlights Manypeoplethinkaccidentsoftenhappeninbusyroadsinlargecities butthisisnotalwaystrue 88 Tokyoisoneoftheworld slargestcitiesandprobablyoneofthebusiestcities however thereare89accidentstopedestrians Thereasonisthatthepolicethereareverystrictandthepedestriansareverycareful Pedestriansnevercrossagainstaredlightandthey90followtrafficrules 五 实践演练 2 Doyouknowalcohol 酒精 isanothermaincauseoftrafficaccidents Itdelayspeople sresponse Thosewhohavedrunkalcoholare91inmakingdecisions Theyneedafewmoresecondstoreact 反应 Alcoholdrinkingisespeciallydangerousformotorcardrivers Itisnotonlydriverswhomayhaveaccidentsafterdrinking Drunkenpedestriansmayputtheirlivesindangeraswell 85 A makeB breakC followD remember86 A attheendofB inthecentreofC ontopofD infrontof87 A turnonB worryaboutC waitforD pointout88 A InadditionB ForexampleC BythewayD Ontheotherhand89 A fewB manyC enoughD some90 A evenB neverC almostD always91 A slowB activeC interestedD excited 答案 85 B 86 D 87 C 88 B 89 A 90 D 91 A 五 实践演练 分析句子结构 根据句意逻辑关系 选出正确答案 TheWTOcannotliveuptoitsname itdoesnotincludeacountrythatishometoonefifthofmankind A aslongasB whileC ifD eventhough C 根据文化背景和生活常识 利用上下文线索 分析并列句的因果关系 可以选出正确答案 2 LittleTomwonderedwhatwouldhappentotheeggs Twoweekslater littleTomfoundsomechicks outoftheshells A walkedB ranC jumpedD struggled D 六 家庭作业 Cartoonfilmshaveveryfewlimits 限制 Ifyoucandrawsomething youcanmakeit1onthecinemascreen Theuseofnewideasandmoderncomputerprogramsmeansthatcartoonsarebecomingexcitingagainforpeopleof2ages By1970 thecinemaworldhaddecidedthatcartoonswere3forchildren Butsoonafterthat oneortwofilmmakershadsomenewideas Theyprovedthatitwas4tomakefilmsinwhichbothgrown upsandchildrencouldenjoythem 1 六 家庭作业 However 5cartoonfilmwassuccessful TheBlackCauldron forexample failed mainlybecauseitwastoo6forchildrenandtoochildishforgrown ups Filmmakerslearntfromthismistake andthencartoonswerewelcomedbybothchildrenandgrown upsand7thefilmcompaniesbegantomakelargeamountsofmoney 1 A arriveB stayC standD move 2 A someB eitherC allD both 3 A neverB onlyC stillD already 4 A possibleB difficultC completeD interesting 5 A noteveryB noneoftheC eachD neitherofthe 6 A interestingB popularC relaxingD frightening 7 A onceB howeverC againD also 1 D C B A A D C 六 家庭作业 ThenameofDanielWilliamshasbeenknowntotheblackpeopleintheUnitedStatesformanyyears Hebecamea1inChicagoin1883 Aftergraduating hetaughtatNorthwesternUniversity smedicalschool HewasaskedbythepresidentoftheUnitedStates GroverCleveland togotoWashington D C toheadtheFreedmen sHospital Itwasoneofthefewhospitalsforblacksinthecountry2 HewentbacktoChicagotohelptosetupProvidentHospital 3itopened Chicago sblackdoctorscouldnotpracticeinhospitals Theyhadtotreatpatients4 sooperationswereperformedonbedsandkitchentables Dr WilliamsalsohelpedtosetupatrainingschoolinChicagoforblacknurses 2 六 家庭作业 In1893heoperatedonamanwhowasdyingfromastabwoundintheheart Suchawoundhadalways5death ButDr Williamstriedtosavetheman 6X rayorbloodtransfusions 输血 heopenedtheman schestandsewedup 修补 hisheart Everythingwentonwellwiththebold 大胆的 operation Theman7 1 A headmasterB managerC doctorD nurse 2 A atthattimeB inthepastC amomentagoD justthen 3 A AfterB BeforeC WhenD Assoonas 4 A intheofficeB intheschoolC intheuniversityD athome 5 A shownB explainedC meantD described 6 A AccordingtoB InsteadofC BecauseofD Without 7 A diedB livedC becamestrongD gotbadlyhurt 2 C A B D C D B Thankyou